Daga Nevzet Celik
Rikici da zanga-zangar baya-bayan nan a Faransa sun bayar da damar yin kalaman nuna kyama a duniya baki daya – ko dai fararen-fata da ke ganin sun fi kowa a Amurka da Turai, ko daga bakunan masu tsarin ra’ayi.
Shafukan sada zumunta na intanet sun cika da kalaman suka, inda kowanne bangare ke zargin ‘yan ci-rani da Musulmai kan dukkan matsalolin da ke addabar al’ummun Faransa.
Shin masu zanga-zanga a Faransa sun wuce gona da iri ne? Watakila sun wuce, a lokacin da suke lalata kayayyaki da kuma sace su. Shin ba su da hujjar tayar da hayaniya? Sam abun ba haka ba ne.
Idan aka kalli me ya janyo hayaniyar – harbe matashi dan shekara 17 Nahel Merzouk da ‘yan sandan Faransa suka yi da tsakar rana, saboda ‘yar matsalar karya dokar hanya.
Wannan hayaniya da ake ci gaba da yi ta zama alamun wata babbar cuta da illa; na tsawon shekaru da aka dauka ana nuna wariya da nuna bambanci tsakanin mutane wanda ya raba Faransa zuwa gida biyu.
Bangaren da ya kunshi masu kudi, wadanda suka kasance mafiya yawa fararen fata kuma suna kara bunkasa; daya bangaren kuma ya kunshi – talakawa da marasa galihu, wadanda ba su da wani katabus, suna ta gwagwarmayar rayuwa.
Duk da bacin ran kashe danta da aka yi, mahaifiyar Marzouk mai suna Mounia na ta nuna dattako. Ba ta dora alhakin kisan danta kan dukkan ‘yan sandan Faransa, ta dora alhakin laifin kan dan sanda daya kawai.
Cin fuska tsawon tarihi
“Ni ban dora laifin kan dukkan ‘yan sanda ba; na dora laifin kan wadda ya kashe yarona,” in ji Mounia, inda ta kara da cewa, “dan sandan bata-gari ya nufi Nahel babu wani kwakkwaran dalili saboda kawai ya fahimci Balarabe ne shi, yaro karami, ya so ya dauki rayuwarsa.”
Amma wadannan kalamai na Mouna ba su isar ba wajen kwantar da tarzomar. A kwanakin da suka biyo baya, rikicin ya yadu a dukkan sassan Faransa musamman kusa da birane Paris, Marseille da Grenoble.
Masu zanga-zanga sun cinna wa gine-ginen gwamnati da dama wuta, sun kona shaguna da bankuna da wasu wuraren.
Gwamnatin Faransa ta baza ‘yan sanda 45,000, da manyan motocin yaki. Cikin mako guda an kama a kalla mutum 3,000.
A lokacin da masu bakar zuciya ke dora alhakin rikicin kan ‘yan ci-rani da Musulmai, sai suka dinga jirkita al’amarin tare da biyan bukatarsu ta rarraba kawunan jama’a, yana da muhimmanci a kalli rikicin ta wannan fuska.
A baya ma Faransa ta fada rikici saboda tunzurar da mutane suka yi. A 2005, wasu ‘yan kasa da shakara 19 su biyu sun mutu a lokacin da suka buya a wata karabar tashar rarraba lantarki, yayin da suke buya daga ninciken takardu da ‘yan sanda ke yi a yankin arewacin wajen garin paris da ake kira Clichy-sous-Bois.
Kazalika, zanga-zangar da aka yi a 2005 ta rikide zuwa wani rikici, inda masu zanga-zanga suka dinga kona motoci da da gine-ginen gwamnati inda a garuruwa 300 lamarin ya rikice. Faransa ta ayyana dokar ta baci a fdin kasar.
A 2016, mutuwar Adama Traore – baki dan kasar Faransa – a lokacin da yake tsare a hannun ‘yan sanda bayan wata zang-zangar da aka yi don nuna dawa da amfani da karfin da ya wuce ka’ida da ‘yan sandan ke yi.
Suka daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
Lamarinsa ya sanya ana yin kwatance da barun kisan George Floyd da afku a Amurka a 2020, inda Traore ya zama wani tubulin yaki da amfani da karfin da ya wuce ka’ida da ‘yan sanda ke yi.
Rahoton binciken da aka gudanar a 2021 ya bayyana cewa ‘yan sandan Faransa ne suka kasha matashin.
Masu kare hakkin dan adam sun janyo hankali kan muhimmancin batun amfani da karfi ‘yan sanda ke yi a Faransa, musamman lokacin manyan zanga-zanga kamar irin su ta ‘gilets jaune’ a 2018, da ta wasna karshe na Gasar Zakarun Turai a 2022, da ma sauran zanga-zanga da aka gudanar a baya-bayan nan.
Wadannan abubuwa sun sanya an yi kiraye-kirayen neman a warware wannan matsala. Dadin dadawa, Faransa ta fuskanci suka a zauren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, a lokacin taron Ranar Kare Hakkin ‘Yan Kwadago, inda aka tattauna kan nuna wariya da zaluncin ‘yan sanda.
Masu suka a tsakanin al’ummun Faransa sun yi kira da a magance amfani da karfi da ya wuce ka’ida da ‘yan sanda ke yi a kasar, inda Patrick Baudouin, shugaban Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ya yi gargadi kan ‘yancin fararen hula.
Kungiyar tasa ta LDH ta la’anci ayyukan zalunci na ‘yansandan Faransa, inda suka bayar da misali da irin zanga-zangar garin Sainte-Soline a watan Afrilu.
Nune da nuna bambanci
A 2022, ‘yan sandan kasa na Faransa sun rawaito harbin cin zali 138 da ‘yan sanda suka yi, wand ayake kasa da na 2021 da ya kama 157.
An kafa dokar da baiwa ‘yan sanda wannan karfi da amfani da harasan wuta a 2015, d anufin yaki da ta’addanci bayan hare-haren da aka kai a Faransa.
Amma kuma masu fafutuka sun dinga sukar dokar, musamman tun 2017, inda suka dinga kawo dalilan rashin dacewar baiwa ‘yan sanda izinin daukar harasan wuta.
A kananan garuruwan Faransa, ana tsoron ‘yan sanda sosai. Binciken da aka gudanar ya bayyana daidaikun mutane da suka fito daga Afirka, na bayyana damuwarsu kan nuna su da ake yi a duk sanda aka karya wata doka ko ana gudanar da binciken neman takardun zama a kasa.
Haka zalika, Kungiyar Kare Hakkon Dan Adam ta Human Rights Watch ta fitar da rahoto mi tken “They Talk to Us Like We’re Dogs’ (Suna mana mu’amala kamar mu karnuka ne), ya yi karin haske kan yawaitar matsalar nuna wariya da binciken mutane da ‘yan sandan Faransa ke yi.
Rahoton ya kuma bayyana yadda ake nuna bakaken fata da Larabawa, da suka hada da yara kanana masu shekaru 10, ba tare da binciken ko akwai shaidar aikata abuna ake zargin su da ikata w aba.
Irin wadannan abubuwa na yawan faruwa a yankunan matalauta da ke dauke da ‘yan ci-rani. Maimakon a yi aiki mai kyau don gano wanda ya aikata wani laifi, sai kawai ‘yan sanda su dinga yin yadda suka ga dama suna nuna karfin iko.
Rahoton ya yi kira da a dauki matakan gaggawa wajen sauya fasalin ayyukan ‘yan sandan Faransa, don magance nuna wariya da kawo karshen rarrabuwar kan jama’a da jami’an tsaro.
Rababbiyar kasa
Yanayin siyasar Faransa a yau na bayyana tsananin rarrabuwar kai. Wasu rukunai na ‘yan sandan faransa sun bayyana tsagerancinsu, suna bayyana kawunansu da sun ‘fita yaki’ inda suke jaddada bukatar amfani da karfin tuwo a lokacin da suke fuskantar masu tayar da zaune tsaye.
A yayin da wannan lamari ya janyo suka daga ‘yan siyasa masu aukin ra’ayi irin su Jean-Luc Melenchon na La France Insoumise, abu ne da ya kamata a fahimci cewa Zemmour da Marine Le Pen sun dinga yin gargadin yiwuwa afkuwar yakin basasa.
A yanzu haka, ya zuwa ranar Litinin din da ta gabata, wani gangami da aka gudanar na neman taimaka wa iyalan dan sanda da ya kasha Merzouk, ya tara Yuro dubu dari takwas, wanda hakan ya sake janyo cece-ku-ce a Faransa.
A tsawon wasu shekaru, kananan garuruwan Faransa sun sha fama da kalubalen zamantakewa, yankuna ne da aka fi kira ‘Banlieues’.
A lokacin da babban birnin ke fitar da yanayi mai kyau a ma na wuce gona da iri a wasu lokutan, kananan yankuna wajen manyan biranen na da dakunan shan shayu, shaguna, wuraren shakatawa da suke da mutane miliyan tara.
Mafi yawan sun a zaune a wasu irin gidaje mallakin gwamnati da suke kama da fasalin gidjen Soviet.
Jama’ar na da alaka da yankunan da faransa ta yi w amulkin mallaka na Arewai da Yammacin Afirka, Srilanka da sauran yankunan duniya.
Bambanci tsakanin hukumomi
Peter Gumbel ya yi Karin haske kan al’adar boko da ta yi karfi a Faransa, wanda ya dinga lura da shit un bayan zuwan sa Paris a 2002.
Misali, tsarin bayar da ilimi na bayar da karfi wajen gogayya tun daga yarinta, inda abun ya yi tsamari har a matakin ilimi mai zurfi a makaranti irin su “grandes ecoles”.
Duk da cewa wannan tsarin na samar da rukunin mutane da ake bai wa fifiko da suke shiga ajin masu fada a ji da yin shugabanci, tsarin na barin wasu mutanen cikin bacin rai da karayar zuciya. Zaben baya-bayan nan na Faransa ya bayyana rikicin zamantakewa da ake fuskanta.
Wannan rikici ya fito karara ne lokacin da aka samu arangama tsakanin ‘yan jari hujja masu kudi, masu ili da suke da kafafan yada labarai da suka goyi bayan manufofin kidi da tattalin arziki na Macron, da kuma talaka wa da ransu ya baci.
A bayyane yake karara, masu tsaurin ra’ayi na ci gaba da goyon bayan irin su Zammour da Marine Le Pen.
A zagaye na biyu na zaben shugaban kasar Faransa, Le Pen ta samu kuri’u kusan miliyan 12, inda ta amfana da karfin Eric Zemmour.
A yayin da za a kawo karshen zanga-zanga a hankali, za a ci gaba da fuskantar kalubale a kananan garuruwan Faransa.
A wajen talakawan faransa, musamman matasa masu kala da ake nuna wa wariya, kisan Merzouk ya zama wata alama ta nuna bambanci tsakanin hukumomi wanda hakan ya janyo ‘yan sanda suka zama kamar sojoji, sannan suke fake wa kan jama’ar da ke zaune a yankunan marasa galihu.
Marubucin wannan makala Nevzet Celik, shi ne Daraktan Cibiyar Bincike Mai Zurfi ta Paris, wata babbar cibiyar da ke gudanar da bincike da bayar da shawarwari.
