Daga Ian Proud
Tun bayan faɗuwar gwamnatin Assad, an samu rige-rigen jami'an diflomasiyya wajen amincewa da sabon shugabancin Syria.
An sake bude ofishin jakadancin Turkiyya a Damascus bayan shekaru 12, yayin da Tarayyar Turai ta sake buɗe ofishin wakilci a Damascus. Jami'an diflomasiyyar Amurka, da Burtaniya da Turai sun kai ziyara, suna neman sake buɗe ofisoshin jakadancinsu.
Manyan ƙasashen da suka jefa Syria cikin ƙangin tattalin arziƙi cikin shekaru 14 da suka gabata, sun fara ƙoƙarin auna sabbin shugabannin don yanke hukuncin yadda za su tunkari ƙasar.
Matuƙar Syria na son farafɗowa daga yaƙin basasa da taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziƙi, manyan ƙasashe maƙwabta kamar Turkiyya su ne za iya taka babbar rawa a shirin sake gina ƙasar.
Ahmed al Sharaa, wanda ya sauya suna zuwa sunansa na haihuwa, ya yi aski irin na zamani, kuma ya sanya jaket nau'in ƙasashen Yamma don nuna sauyin da ya yi daga matsayin mayaƙin Al-Qaeda, inda yake so a kalle shi a matsayin sabon shugaban sabuwar Syria bayan tafiyar Assad a Damascus.
Amurka ta sanya fansa a kan shugaban Hayat Tahrir al Sham (HTS) Abu Mohammed al Jolani.
Sai dai wannan ba lallai ya kawar da salon da duniya ta ɗauka ba kan tarihi.
Nelson Mandela, ɗaya cikin mashahuran shuwagabannin duniya a ƙarni na ashirin, ya kasance cikin jerin 'yan ta'adda a wajen Amurka, har zuwa shekarar 2008.
Ko da Mahatma Gandhi, wanda ya yi gwagwarmayar yaƙin nuna ƙin biyayya a India, an taba yi masa laƙabi da ɗan ta'adda a majalisar ƙasar Burtaniya a 1932.
Sai dai ya yi wuri a ce wane irin nau'in shugaba al Sharaa zai zamo, amma ƙasashen Yamma suna ba shi damar nuna ko shi wane ne a yanzu. Kuma yana da babban aiki a gabansa.
Abin da ke gaba
Syria a yanzu ƙasa ce da ke cikin tasku da rarrabuwa, kuma akwai 'yan ta'adda irinsu PKK/YPG a yankin arewa maso gabashinta da kuma Daesh da ke nuna alamun farfaɗowa a cikinta.
Kuma Israila ta ƙwace ƙarin yankuna a Tuddan Golan tun bayan faɗuwar Assad, kuma akwai sauran sojojin Amurka a gabashin ƙasar, ga kuma sansanin sojan ruwan Rasha, a yammacin ƙasar.
Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta yi kira ga sabbin shugabannin Syria su gudanar da zaɓe na adalci, wanda zai zama gwajin yadda gwamnatocin ƙasashen waje za su tallafa wa sabuwar gwamnatin cikin lokaci mai tsawo.
A zahiri, shugabannin Yamma suna da mabambantan muradu a Syria, kuma duk wanda ya jagoranci ƙasar dole ya auna buƙatu mabambanta.
Ga Amurka, babban abin da take neman daga kawar da Assad shi ne kawo ƙarshen tasirin Syria a matsayin hanyar isar da tallafin Iran zuwa ga ƙungiyoyi kamar Hezbollah da Hamas.
Harin Hamas na 7 ga Oktobar 2023, harin da ya haifar da kisan ƙare-dangi da Isra'ila ke yi a Gaza da hare-hare kan ƙasashen yankin. Ta'annatin Isra'ila yana barazana ga tsarin diflomasiyyar Amurka a gabasa ta Tsakiya.
Yayin da Amurka take dagewa kan goyon bayan tsaron ƙasar Isra'ila har a mulkin zaɓaɓɓen Shugaba Donald Trump, salon kariya ga Isra'ila yana jure wa duk wata turjiya cikin shekara ɗaya, har da ta Turkiyya da Saudiyya.
Tabbas, alamun kyautata dangantaka tsakanin Saudiyya da Iran, wanda China ta assasa, za ta ci gaba da haɓaka sakamakon zaluncin Isra'ila wanda Amurka ke mara wa baya.
Amurka na fatan cewa sauyin mulki a Syria zai bai wa Isra'ila damar siyasa don dakatar da yaƙinta. Ina da tababa kan cewa abin sai zo da sauƙi, matuƙar Netanyahu yana kan mulki.
A wajen Tarayyar Turai, abin da ka je ya zo bayan kawar da Assad shi ne dawowar 'yan gudun-hijirar Syria miliyan ɗaya da rabi, waɗanda suka yi zango a ƙasashen Turai cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata.
Awanni bayan faɗuwar Assad, gwamnatocin kasashen Turai sun sanar da dakatar da karɓar masu neman mafaka daga 'yan gudun hijirar Syria.
Wannan mataki ya ba da mamaki, ganin rashin ganin yanayin sabuwar gwamnatin a Damascus, amma alama ce ta cewa mahukuntan Turai suna kasada kan komawar 'yan gudun hijirar Syria.
Tarin 'yan ƙaura da aka gani zuwa cikin Turai ya iza wutar masu aƙidar kishin ƙasa, da tsananin ra'ayin siyasa wanda ke barazana ga tsohon tsarin da suke kai, kuma yake barazana kan ita kanta tarayyar Turai.
'Yan siyasa a Austria, Jamus, da Faransa, sun fara kira kan shirin mayar da 'yan gudun hijira zuwa Syrian.
Abin mamakin shi ne Turai tana fuskantar matsanancin ƙarancin ma'aikata a ɓangaren lafiya, da sufuri, da gine-gine, da yawon buɗe ido, wanda 'yan gudun hijira suke iya cikewa.
Abin da ya sa Turkiyya ke da tasiri
Yayin ziyararta zuwa Ankara ranar 17 ga Dasamba, Shugabar hukumar Turai Ursula von Der Leyen ta sanar da ƙarin tallafin dala biliyan $1 ga Turkiyya don taiamaka wa 'yan gudun hijira. Wata hujja ce da ke nuna Turkiyya ta samu mafi girman yawan 'yan gudun hijira daga Syria, wanda suka kai kusan miliyan 3.5.
tare da Amurka, da Tarayyar Turai, da Burtaniyya, waɗanda suke da aniyar daidaita Syria don rage barazana ga Turkiyya, sauyin mulkin ya ba da babbar dama da Syria za ta samu tallafin sake gina al'ummarta ta yadda kowa a yankin zai amfana kuma ya samu tsaro.
Dawowar 'yan gudun hijirar Syria sannu a hankali zuwa ƙasarsu ta gado, zai taimaka wajen kawar da babban ƙalubalen da ke kan Turkiyya tsawon shekaru goma da suka gabata.
Sai dai kuma, har yanzu ba ta bayyana ba cewa 'yan Syria za su yi dandazon komawa kawai saboda Assad ya kau. Za su duba ko za su samu madafar tattalin arziki da tsaro da tallafin da suka samu a Turkiyya da Turai.
Sakamakon cewa tattalin arzikin Syria ya ɗaiɗaice tsawon shekaru 14, saboda takunkumin Amurka da Turai da aka sanya tun 2011. Mummunan tasirin takunkumin ya haifar da cikakken tarnaƙin tattalin arziki ga ƙasar, wanda ya yi matsanancin tasiri.
Daga dala biliyan 252 da tattalin arzikin Syria yake samarwa a 2010, tattalin arzikin Syria ya koma zuwa dala biliyan 10 duk shekara a yanzu.
A cewar Bankin Duniya, matsanancin talauci ya kasance takaitacce a 2009, amma ya kai kashi 27 cikin dari a 2022, yayin da kashi 69 na al’ummar ƙasar suke matalauta. Yawan abinci da kayan masarufi da ake samarwa ya ragu, inda kasar ta koma dogaro kan kayan da ake shigarwa.
Tun bayan kawar da Assad, shugabannin Amurka da Turai sun yi ta sururtai kan sassauta takunkumi ga wannan gwamnatin.
Duk wanda ya samu nasarar kafa gwamnati mai dogon zango a Damascus zai so ya sake gina tattalin arziki. Matsanancin talauci da rashin daidaito a sabuwar Syria zai iya ci gaba da haifar da tsattsauran ra’ayi kamar na Daesh.
Zai yi wahala ga sabbin shugabannin Syria su samar da yanayin da ya dace ga ‘yan gudun hijira su koma, yayin da ƙasar ta zama tamkar saniyar ware a harkar tattalin arzikin duniya.
Wannan babban lamari ne ga Turai sama da Amurka, wacce ta karɓi tsirarun ‘yan gudun hijira daga Syria.
Shugabannin Turai dole su yi aiki tare da gwamnatin Trump mai jiran gado don tabbatar da tunkarar batun sassauta takunkumi da bai wa shugabannin Syria babbar damar fara farfaɗo da tattalin arzikin ƙasar.
Yayin da Syria ke farfaɗowa a hankali daga tsarin kangin takunkumi, ya wajaba ƙasar ta mayar da hankali kan sake gina tattalin arzikin don samar da ƙasa ga al’ummar Syria da ke muradin komawa.
A fili take cewa shugabannin Syria sababbin jini ba su shirya ganin Amurkawa da Turawa a matsayin manyan abokansu a wannan fage ba, ganin yadda suka taka rawa wajen kassara ƙasar da talauta miliyoyin al’ummarta, baya ga zaluncin Assad shi kansa.
Duba da kusancinta a matsayinta na mamba a kungiyar G20 wadda take da fitar da kayayyaki da tattalin arzkin da ake zuba jari, da kuma matsayin da ta taka lokacin yaƙin basasa, Turkiyya ce take da babbar rawar takawa a yankin, don ganin Syria ta iya komawa turbar samun tallafi yayin da take tunkarar babban sauyi.
Marbuacin, Ian Proud, tsohon jami'in diflomasiyyar Birtaniya ne kuma mawallain littafin A Misfit in Moscow: How British Diplomacy in Russia Failed.
Togaciya: Ra'ayoyin da marubucin ya bayyana ba sa wakiltar mahanga, da ra'ayoyin editocin TRT Afrika.
