Daga Nadim Siraj
Yayin da ƙarshen shekarar 2024 ke ƙaratowa, gagarumar bunƙasar da ƙungiyar BRICS ta samu ya yi ficen da za a saka batun cikin manyan labaran siyasar duniya na shekara.
A kaikaice BRICS ta shiga fagen siyasar duniya tun tsakiyar shekarun 2000-2010. Amma a bana, zuwan ƙungiyar ya janyo manya-manya cigaba, wanda ke alƙawarin samar da tsarin duniya mafi adalci.
Babban abin da ya haifar da hakan shi ne gagarumar ɗaukakar da ƙungiyar ta samu a yawan mambobinta, da masu haɗin gwiwa da ita, da mabiya a faɗin duniya.
Mafi girman tasirin BRICS a wannan shekara ya ƙara saurin disashewar tasirin ƙungiyar G7 a siyasar duniya, wadda Amurka ke jagoranta.
Ga waɗanda suka gaza ganin guguwar sauyin da aka samu saboda hankalin duniya ya tafi batutuwan – Gaza, Ukraine, zaɓen Amurka, da Syria – 2024 ta zama shekarar daukakar kungiyar BRICS.
Lamuran da suka faru a gabaɗaya shekarar ya nuna cewa a ƙarshe siyasar duniya za ta sauya zuwa tsarin daidaito a ƙasashe da ɓangarorin duniya. Kuma 2024 za ta iya zama ƙarshen ikon 'yan tsirarun ƙasashen mulkin mallaka na Yamma da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin Amurka.
Shekarar ta fara buɗe damar samun tsarin duniya buɗaɗɗe, mai adalci, da daidaito wanda ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin dimukuraɗiyya na Brazil, Rasha, India, China, Afirka ta Kudu – waɗanda su ne suka kafa BRICS – da kuma sabbin mambobi da abokan haɗn gwiwa.
Masu son shiga BRICS
Idan ka yi duba kan jerin abubuwan da suka faru za ka gane me ya sa 2024 ta zama shekarar ɗaukaka a siyasar duniya.
Ranar 1 ga Janairu, ƙarin ƙasashe huɗu, Masar, Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa, Iran, da Habasha – sun shiga BRICS a hukumance, wanda ya sanya mambobin gamayyar ya ƙaru daga biyar zuwa tara.
Sannan Oktoba ta zamu wani babban matsayi ga gamayyar lokacin da BRICS suka gayyaci ƙasashe sama da goma don zamowa 'ƙasashen abokan hulɗa' – wato Algeria, Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand, Uganda, Uzbekistan, da Vietnam.
Sanarwar ta zo ne a wani ɓangare na taro na 16 na taron ƙolin BRICS a Kazan, Rasha, wanda shugaban Turkiyya Recep Tayyip Erdogan ya halarta.
Bisa tasiri, Turkiyya – wata babbar mamban NATO – an mata tayin zamowa abokiyar BRICS, yayin da shugaba Erdogan ya ce haɓakar alaƙar Turkiyya da ƙungiyar BRICS ba ya barazana ga alakar da take da ita na zamanta NATO da neman zama mamba a Tarayyar Turai.
Ministan Ciniki na Turkiyya ya tabbatar da karɓar gayyatar a tsakiyar Nuwamba,inda ya ce, “Game da batun matsayin Turkiyya na abokiyar [BRICS], sun yi wa Turkiyya tayin zama abokiyar hulɗa. Wannan matsayi na [abokiyar hulɗa] wani mataki ne na sake fasalin BRICS.”
A zahiri, ƙasashe da dama sun shiga sahun neman yin alaƙa da BRICS a wannan shekarar, wasu a matsayin cikakkun mambobi, wasu kuma a matsayin abokan hulɗa.
Bugu da ƙari, tuni an ruwaito da fari cewa aƙalla ƙasashe 40 suna da sha'awar shiga ƙungiyar.
Saƙo biyu ga ƙasashen Yamma
Haɓakar gamayyar BRICS wani labari ne da ke ci gaba. Wasu batutuwa biyu na kwanan nan sun yi nuni da yadda ƙungiyar take da karsashin kawo kyakkyawan sauyi a duniya, ta yadda za a tsuke tasirin Amurka da ƙawayenta.
Wani babban batu shi ne yunƙurin ƙirƙirar wani ƙawance madadin na dalar Amurka. Ɗayan zaɓin yana da aniyar ƙarfafa haɗn gwiwa wajen ƙawancen ƙasashen Yamma.
Yayin taron ƙoli na BRICS na 2024 a Kazan, shugabannin sun fito da wani kuɗi na gamayyar amma ba a hukumance ba.
An buga totocin ƙasashen da suka kafa BRICS kan takardar kuɗin. Duk da cewa ba kuɗi ne da ya fara aiki ba, bayyana shi ya nuna fatan BRICS na neman madadi dalar Amurka, wanda ake kallo a matsayin hanyar da Amurka ke yin danniya a tattalin arziƙin.
Duk da cewa kuɗin na BRICS ya fara zama gaskiya ya yi wuri, shi kansa tunanin yana yin nuni da fatan mambobin na samo mafita daga danniyar dalar Amurka.
Yayain da ake ci gaba da zancen kawar da dalar AMurka a kasuwancin duniya, fito da kuɗin na BRICS tabbas zai ta da hankalin G7.
Musamman bayan 23 ga Oktoba, lokacin da BRICS ta amince da yin cinikayyar cikin gida da da kuɗin kansu. Gamayyar tana burin ƙirƙirar tsarin tattalin arziƙi wanda ba zai dogara kan wanda Amurka ke jagora ba irin na SWIFT, wani tsarin ƙasashen Yamma.
Wasu cigaban da ba za su yi wa G& daɗi ba ya faru ne ranar 11 ga Disamba.
Yayin da yake halartar wani taro a Moscow kan ƙirƙirarriyar basira, Shugaba Putin ya ce Rasha za ta haɗa kai da BRICS da sauran ƙasashen wajen gina fasahar. manufar da ya ayyana iat ce ta ƙirƙirar wani madadi saɓanin yadda Amurka ke ita kaɗai take ƙoƙarin danne sabuwar fasahar.
Sauyin zamani daga G7 zuwa BRICS
Ganin yadda BRICS take haɓaka cikin sauri a yankunan duniya, wata tambayar da ke tasowa ita ce – me hakan ke nufi ga ƙungiyar G7 da ke rasa ƙarfinta a hannun BRICS?
Sauyin zamani ga G7 abu ne mai munin, duk da yana da kyawu a idon ƙasashen BRICS.
G7, wadda ƙungiya ce ta ƙasashe bakwai, wani kulob ne na ƙasashe mafi ƙarfin tattalin arziƙi, wanda ya haɗa da Amurka, Birtaniya, Canada, Faransa, Jamus, Japan, da Italiya. Kuma ya haɗa da Tarayyar Turai, wata ƙungiyar ƙasashen Turai 27.
Ƙungiyar da Amurka ke jagoranta, G7 ta kasance cikin tsawon shekaru tana jan akalar harkokin duniya, da tattalin arziƙin duniya, da rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai, inda kuma ba su faye yadda da hoɓɓasar ƙasashe masu ƙarfi kamar China, Rasha, Türkiye, da India ba.
Idan ka duba yau, ƙarfin faɗa a ji a duniya ya sauya. G7 tana rasa karsashi da faɗa a ji – wani abu da ba a yi tunani ba shekara 10 da suka gabata. A 1990, kason G7 na GDP a baya kashi 66 cikin ɗari kuma ya ci gaba da zama sama cikin shekaru.
A baya can, ƙungiyar da Amurka ke jagoranta tana iya gaban-kanta wajen fara yaƙe-yaƙe, kuma ta saka baki kan lamuran cikin gida na ƙasashe 'yan baruwanmu, kuma su yi amfani da Bankin DUniya da Asusun Lamuni na Duniya kan ƙasashe matalauta.
Abubuwa sun sauya a yanzu. A 2022, kason GDP na ƙasashen G7 ya ragu zuwa kashi 44 cikin ɗari.
Abin lura shi ne tun sanda sojojin AMurka suka fice daga Afghanistan a 2021, gwamnatin Amurka ba ta sake wani sabon yaƙi ba. Ba ta nuna alamun ƙarfin warware rikice-rikice da yaƙe-yaƙe a Ukraine, Gaza, Syria da Yemen ba.
Me ya sa BRICS ta bambanta
Wani abin da ya sa BRICS ta bambanta shi ne tana da kason GDP na duniya da ya haura kashi 37 cikin dari. Sai dai, duk da ikon da take da shi kan tattalin arziƙin duniya, ƙungiyar ba ta nuna alamun fara yaƙe-yaƙe ko katsalandan a wata ƙasa ba.
Wannan salo na daidaito ya faru ne saboda BRICS ba ta tattare iko waje guda ba, inda ƙasashe daga mabambantan ɓangarorin duniya suka kafa ta, kuma suke da aniyar zaman lafiya idan an kwatanta ta da G7 mai son mulkin duniya.
Yayin da ake shiga 2025, G7 tana buƙatar yin duban ta-natsu. Gamayyar BRICS wadda yanzu ake kira BRICS+ bayan faɗaɗarta, ta ƙunshi kusan kashi 40 cikin ɗari na al'ummar duniya.
Mambobin ƙasashe suna da tarin albarkatun ƙasa da G7 ba za ta iya kau da kai ba. Kuma ƙungiyar tana da ƙarfi a kasuwar cinikayya wadda wasu ƙasashen G7 suka dogara kansu.
Yayin da yaƙin Ukraine, da rikicin Gaza, da nasarar zaɓen Donald Trump, da rikicin Syria suna ci gaba da ɗaukar hankali, ɗaukakar BRICS za ta zama mafi girman sauyi a shekarar nan.
Marubucin, Nadim Siraj, ɗan jarida ne mazaunin India wanda ke rubutu kan diflomasiyya, rikice-rikice, da hulɗar ƙasashen duniya.
