Daga Tuğrul Oğuzhan Yılmaz
Wasu raunukan ba sa warkewa, suna yin zafi da sanya damuwa kamar raɗaɗin rashin adalcin da aka yi a baya.
Babu wani waje da ake ganin hakikanin irin wannan kamar a Chadi, inda tabon mulkin mallakar faransa ke ci gaba da yi wa kwakwalen jama'a kaikayi saboda yadda jama'ar kasar suka fuskanci zalunci da ta'addanci mafi muni - kisan kiyashin yanka-yanka na ranar 15 ga Nuwamban 1917, a garin Abeche ya munana sosai.
"Chadi tamu, Faransa ta fice", Wannan ne taken da ake ta rera wa a kasar ta Tsakiyar Afirka, wanda ke bayyana ficewar dakarun Faransa daga Afirka a 'yan shekarun nan.
A ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Chadi ta sanar da kawo karshen yarjejeniyar tsaro da ayyukan soji tsakanin kasa da Faransa, wanda hakan ya yi daidai da ziyarar da ministan harkokin wajen Faransa Jean-Noel Barrot ya kai Chadi tare da gana da shugaba Mahamat Deby wana guda kafin sanarwar.
A yayin da Faransa ta mayar da martani ga rushe yarjejeniyar da aka kulla a ranar 4 ga Satumban 2019, Chadi ta jaddada hakkin karfin mulkin da take da shi.
Ba da jima wa ba, sai zanga-zanga ta barke a fadin kasar inda ake nuna adawa ga wanzuwar sojojin Faransa.
Tun daga 5 ga Disamba, wannan zanga-zanga ta yadu cikin sauri a manyan biranen Chadi da suka hada da babban birnin N'Djamena da Achebe.
Kwanaki goma kafin haka, wata hudubar Juma'a a Achebe ta zama babbar gabar kwarara kan tituna don nuna adawa ga wanzuwar Faransa a Chadi.
A ranar 6 ga Disamba, 'yan Chadi da suka taru don sake yin Sallah sun sake tunzuruwa kan wannan lokaci na bakin ciki da radadi da 'yan mulkin mallaka suka janyo a tarihin yankin shekaru 107 da suka wuce.
To, ta yaya balahirar kisan kiyashin yanka-yanka ya taka rawa a tarihin nzubar da jini da 'yan mulkin mallaka suka yi a Chadi, kuma me hakan ke nufi a wajen jama'a?
Dan jarida kuma marubuci Kamal Koulamallah da ke aiki a kafar yada labaran Chadi ta Le N'djam Post ya bayyana kisan kiyashin 1017 da ya afku a Abeche, babban birnin Wadai, a matsayin "bakin datti da ba za a iya goge shi daga tarihin Chadi ba".
"Mummunan murkushe mutane da har abada zai bar tabonsa a kwakwalen jama'a. tsakanin zargi marar tushe, hanyoyin daukar fansa da manufofin mulkin mallaka na zalunci, wannan bakin shafin na wanzuwar mulkin mallakar Faransa a Chadi ya wuce sama da shekaru dari, ko da cikin ruwan sanyi ma, ya zama alamar zalunci da shan wahala," ya yi bayani.
Dakarun zalunci
Faransa ta kara karfafa ayyukanta na mulkin mallaka a Afirka a karni na 19, ina Chadi ta zama kasar da ta fi mamaya.
Daga karshen 1800, kasar ta kasnace a rabe tsakanin 'yan mulkin mallakar Birtaniya da na Faransa.
"Kafin mulkin mallakar Yammacin duniya ya iso zuwa nahiyar, masarautu biyu ne ke jagoranci a Chadi; Wadai, Bagirmi, da Kanem.
Wadannan kasashe sun gwabza yaki da faransa tsawon shekaru inda suka karfafa dangantakarsu da Daular Usmaniyya.
Alaka ta zama irin wadda ake da ita a yau tsakanin Turkiyya a Chadi," Dr Isa Gokgedik, malami a sashen nazarin addini na Jami'ar Kutahya Dumlupinar da ke Turkiyya ya fada wa TRT Afrika.
Faransawa sun fara shiga Chadi a 1899, inda suka fi mamaye N'Djamena, wanda suke kira da "Fort-Lamy".
Sannan sai suka so fadada shugabancinsu na mulkin mallaka zuwa yankuna irin su Abeche, Wadai, Borkou, da Ennedi.
Tun daga 1905, sun fuskanci tirjiya daga Larabawa, Tuareg, Uled, Slimanawa, da mayakan Sanussi da ke Libiya da suka samu taimakon Daular Usmaniyya.
Bayan shekaru na gwabza yaki, sojojin faransa karkashin Kanal Moll da Dr Chaopen sun mamayi Achebe a ranar 23 ga Agustan 1909.
A wannan lokaci, Sarkin Wadai Mohammed Salih (Dud Murra) da Sarkin Dar Masalit, Sultan Tajuddin sun hade kai don tirjiya da bijerewa azzaluman.
Kabilu irin su Abu Sharib, Havalis, Kelingen, Kodoy, Mimi, Veled Cema da maba,tare da dakarun Sanussiya da Daular Usmaniyya ke mara wa baya, sun hada hannu waje guda suna yaki, suka yarda su amince da mamayar Faransawa.
An kashe Kanal Moll a yakin, haka ma Sarki Tajuddin. Sultan Muhammad Salih da dan uwan Tajuddin, Badruddin, sun ci gaba da tirjiyar na wani dan lokaci amma an tirsasa musu mika wuya a ranar 27 ga Oktoban 1911.
Kanal Victor-Emmanuel Largeau ya kama Ain Galaka, Bilma da Biltine a tsakanin 1912 da 1914.
Sakamakon wadannan yake-yake, tare a yunwa da annoba da aka fuskanta, mutane 322,000 sun mutu a Achebe kawai.
Adadin jama'ar yankin ya ragu daga 728,000 uwa 406,000 cikin shekaru uku.
Hukunci ta hanyar kisan kare dangi
Yawan jama'ar na nuni ga dimbin shan jini d akisan da Faransawan suka yi.
A lokacin Yakin Duniya na I, an tirsasa dubunnan daruruwan 'yan Afirka shiga yaki tare da yi musu alkawarin ba su 'yancin kai inda aka dinga tura su suna mutuwa a fagen yaki a Turai.
Duk da yakin da ake ci gaba da yi, Faransa ta yi ta gwagwarmayar kwace iko gaba daya a Chadi.
Domin rusa wannan tirjiya, sun nemi wani tsari na kashe manyan malaman addini d aake jin maganrasu ake girmama su ta hanyar kisan kiyashi ga kabilu.
Ba tare da kunya ba suka fara yaudarar jama'a, Faransawa sun gayyaci shugabannin jama'a a Abeche a 1917 da sunan za su nemi shawarwarinsu kan gudanar da shugabanci.
Da asuba, bayan Sallar Asuba, an kashe daruruwan malaman Musulmai. An yi irin wannan kisan kiyashi a Varya da Kanim.
Kisan kiyashin yanka-yanka mummunan ta'addanci ne da sojojin Faransa suka dinga yanke kawunan manyan malaman Musulunci na Chadi da adduna.
Dakarun na 'yan mulkin mallaka sun kuma kwace litattafai da takardu daga dakunan karatu, sun kona su, ko aika su zuwa gdan adana kayan tarihi a Faransa, ko ma boye su a karkashin kasa.
An rusa kayan tarihi da dama.
Yahya Ould Germa, wanda ya nuna adawa ga ayyukan mamayar. ya kare a kurkuku. Akid Magine da matarsa Meram Koise sun fuskanci babbar matsin lamba.
An kashe Akid Mahamat Dokom da magoya bayansa da dama saboda ya ki amincewa da kulla kawance da dakarun Faransa,
An kama Abud Sharara, shugaban kabilar Mehamid tare da mabiyansa su 40.
Domin hana afkuwar bore a nan gaba, 'yan mulkin mallaka sun kai dakaru daga Turai zuwa Chadi, suka dinga daukar tsauraran matakan tsaro.
Haka zalika sun dinga kai hari kan wuraren bauta na jama'a don takalarsu tare da murkushe su.
An rusa babban masallaci mai tarihi, sannan an murkushe masu zanga-zanga a yankunan Salamet da batha.
A wannan lokaci, an din ga samun kama mutane, gudun hijira da kisan gilla ga manyan mutane.
Kai har dan motsin mutane ma sai da aka hana yin sa.
Duk da wannan, jama'ar Chadi ba su taba amincewa da tsarin mulkin mallaka ba, kuma tirjiyarsu ta ci gaba har zuwa 1930.
Bayan tsawon shekaru na zalunci, Chadi ta samu 'yancin kai daga Faransa a ranar 11 ga watan Agustan 1960.
Bukatar hukunta mai laifi
Har zuwa yau, kisan kiyashin yanka-yanka ya zama babban batu a wajen jama'ar Chadi.
Sannan gaskiyar cewa dole Faransa ta nemi afuwar abinda suka aikata wa jama'ar yankin na sake munana lamarin.
"Wasu masana na son kai karar Faransa Kotun Hukunta Manyan Laifuka ta Kasa da Kasa, wanda hakan ke bayyana muku yadda aka tsani ambatar kisan kiyashi a Wadai. An shirya manyan taruka, an kuma sanar da matasa game da wannan kisan kiyahsi," in ji Dr Mahamat Adoum Doutoum, wanda ke koyar da tarihi a Jami'ar Cheikc Adam Barka da ke Achebe yayin tattaunawa da TRT Afrika.
"Adadin wadanda suka mutu a kisan kiyashin yanka-yanka ya kai mutum 150. Sama da adadin, zaluncin da niyyar kai hari na kara nuna tsagwaron rashin adalci."
An binne manyan Malaman da Faransawa suka kashe a babban kabari a Umm Kamil da ke Achebe.
An mayar da kabarin nasu wajen ziyartar shahidai, wanda ke bayyana gwagwarmayar kwatar 'yanci daga 'yan mamaya.
"Kisan kiyashin yanka-yanka ya zama abinda ke tunzura 'yan Chadi su dinga kalubalantar Faransawa.
Tuna wannan lamari na kawo hadin kai tsakanin jama'a, sannan illar mulkin mallaka na kawo goyon baya ga matakin da gwamnati ta dauka na kawo karshen yarjejeniyar tsaro da ayyukan soji da Faransa," in Dr Doutoum.
"Wasu 'yan tsiraru marasa rinjaye ne kawai ba su nuna goyon baya ga wannan mataki ba. Duk da cewa sun yi shiru, hakan ba shi da wani tasiri kan abinda mafi yawan al'umma suka yarda da shi."
A lokacin bikin tuna wa Kisan Kiyashin Yanka-Yanka wata daya da ya wuce, 'yan kasar Chadi a ko'ina sun bayyana ba za su taba manta wa da mummunan zalincin da Faransawa suka yi musu ba.
