Daga Ata Şahit
A daidai lokacin da ake shirye-shiryen zaben Shugaban Kasa na Iran a ranar 28 ga Yuni, an wayi gari Turkawa mazauna Iran sun zama raba gardama a zaben kasar, wadda 'yan Shi'a suka fi yawa.
Za a yi zaben ne domin maye gurbin Tsohon Shugaban Kasar, Ebrahim Raisi wanda ya rasu a sanadiyar hatsarin jirgin sama a ranar 20 ga Mayun 2024.
'Yan takarar da za su fafata a zaben sun hada da Mustafa Purmuhammadi, da Saeed Jalili, da Mohammad Baqer Galibaf, da Alireza Zakani, da Seyed Amir Hossein Ghazizadeh Hashemi, da kuma Masoud Pezeshkian.
Maaoud Pezeshkian ne kadai a cikin 'yan takarar ake masa kallon mai ra'ayin kawo sauyi cikin lallama a maimakon juyin juya hali. Sauran guda biyar din kuma dukkansu masu ra'ayin rikau ne. Da wannan ne ake ganin bayan wani dan lokaci, a wannan karon an sake samun dan takara mai saukin ra'ayi wajen kawo sauyi.
Amma babban abin da ke jan hankalin mutane a zaben shi ne shiga harkokin zaben da Turkawan mazauna Iran din suka yi ka'in da na'in, kasancewar suna da yawa a kasar.
Turkawa mazauna Iran suna ta fafutikar yakin zaben kasar Iran din a karkashin wakilcin Masoud Pezeshkian.
Don haka a karon farko a tarihin zaben Shugaban Kasar Iran, Turkawa mazauna Iran sun zama abin lura da tattaunawa, har ma ya kasance ana zargin wani dan takara da kokarin dabbaka muradunsu.
A siyasance, hukumomi a Iran sun kallon ra'ayin hadin kan Turkiyya - Wanda ake ba fassara daban-daban - a matsayin ra'ayin fifita Turkiyya a kan kowace kasa.
Hukumomi a kasar ta Iran suna zargin wasu daga cikin 'yan Turkawan mazauna kasarsu masu fafutikar hadin kan mutanen Turkiyya ko kuma suke kare hakkin mutanen Turkiyya da ra'ayin fifita kasarsu ta asali.
Sai dai kungiyoyin da ma daidaikun wadanda ake zargin duk sun karyata zargin, inda suke nanata cewa suna fafutikar ce kawai domin samun 'yanci da walwalar mutanensu mazauna Iran.
Duk da cewa ba a san adadin Turkawa mazauna Iran ba a hukumance, wata majiya da ba a tabbatar da sahihancinta ba ta nuna cewa akwai akalla mutum miliyan 30 a yankuna da dama na kasar.
Misalin, duba da yanayin tsarin kasar ta Iran, kamar yadda hukumar kula da yanayin kasar ta fitar a shekarar 2014, ta bayyana cewa kusan rabin mutanen kasar, 'yan kabilar farisa ne.
Sauran su ne wadanda ba 'yan kabilar ta farisa ba, inda aka ruwaito cewa Turkawa su ne na biyu wajen yawan bayan 'yan kabilar farisa din.
Tsohon Firaiministan Iran, Ali Akbar Salehi a wata tattaunawar da ya yi a wata ziyara da ya kai a Turkiyya a shekarar 2014, ya ce, "kashi 40 na mutanen Iran tsatsonsu daga Turkiyya ne." Hakan ke nuna cewa lallai suna da rawar takawa wajen hadakar diflomasiyya, sannan kuma ya sake tabbatar da cewa akwai akalla 'yan Turkiyya miliyan 30 a Iran.
Turkawa a Iran sun kasu kashi-kashi kamar Turkawan Azerbaijani , da na Turkmens da na Qashqai da na Khorasan Turks. Daga cikinsu Turkawan Azerbaijani da suke zaune a Arewa maso Yammacin Iran suka fi yawa.
Daga su sai Turkawan Qashqai, da suke zaune a tsakiya da Kudu maso Yammacin Iran, sai kuma Turkawan Khorasan da Turkmens, wadanda suka fi yawa a Arewa maso Gabashin kasar.
Bayan wadannan al'umomin mazauna Iran, akwai kuma Turkawan Khalaj da Kazakh a Iran, duk da cewa ba a cika daukarsu a matsayin al'umma ba saboda ba su wuce wasu 'yan dubbai ba.
Muhawara a kan asalin Turkawa
Juyin juya halin 1979 ne ya kawo sauyi a tarihin Iran wanda ya zo da wani sauyi a alakar da ke tsakanin hukumomin kasar da mutane.
Daga cikin sauye-sauyen akwai karuwar fafutikar 'yancin 'yan wasu kasashen mazauna Iran. Lallai daga cikin fargabar tsaron kasar akwai karuwar gwargwarmayar 'yancin wasu 'yan kasar da ke zaune a Iran, musamman kabilun Turkawa irin su Azerbaijani da Baloch da Kurds da Lors da Turkmen da Qashqai.
Karuwar wayarwa da hadin kan Turkawa yana cikin abubuwan da ke jan hankalin hukumomin kasar Iran saboda yadda suke gudanar da ayyukansu a cikin tsari mai kyau, da kuma yanayin tarihin hadin kan mutanen Turkiyya da yadda lamarin zai shafi alakar diflomasiyya a yankin da kuma yadda fafutikar ke samun karbuwa.
Idan aka yi la'akari da yadda ake tattaunawar a game da batun Turkawa a Iran a 'yan kwanakin nan, za a iya cewa maganar ta fara zama ruwan dare a tsakanin 'yan siyasar kasar, kuma suna kara samun karfi sosai.
Lallai nazarin masana da dama a Iran sun tabbatar da cewa hadin kan Turkawa yana ta kara karfi sosai.
Misali, a wani nazari da wasu masu bincike na Jami'ar Jihar Mazenderan suka yi a yankin Yammacin Azerbaijan, da Gabashin Azerbaijan da Ardabil da Zanjanz ya nuna cewa, "gwargwarmayar hadin kan Turkawa na kara samun wajen zama a Iran."
A binciken, kashi 90 na wadanda suka amsa tambayoyi sun bayyana cewa suna matukar kaunar harshen Turkiyya, da tarihin kasar da al'adunta, sannan suka nanata cewa hadin kan mutanenta na da matukar muhimmanci a wajensu.
Sananniyar magana ce a Iran cewa ana nuna wa wadanda ba 'yan kabilar farisa ba wariya, sannan tsarin kasar ta Iran ta fi ba 'yan kabilar ta farisa muhimmanci tare da dakile wasu kabilun musamman Turkawa.
A zamanin Jamhuriyar Musulunci, musamman bayan yakin Iran da Iraq, yawancin zanga-zangar da aka yi a yankin da Turkawan Azerbaijani na Iran an sa kabilanci a ciki.
Yanayin zanga-zangar da kuma maganganun da aka rika amfani da su, sun nuna akwai alaka da Turkawa, sannan an nuna rashin amincewa da wasu matakan gwamnatin Iran din.
Wasu daga cikin zanga-zangar da ke da alaka da 'yancin Turkawa sun hada zanga-zangar kisan kiyashin Khojaly ta 1992 da zanga-zangar 1995 da wasu tambayoyin bincike da Hukumar Gidan Talabijin da Rediyo na ta yi, da zanga-zangar Babek Castle a tsakanin 2000-2004, da rikicin zanen da wata jaridar Iran ta jawo a 2006 da zanga-zangar Urmia Castle a 2011 da zanga-zangar da shirin talabijin TV2 na Fitile ya jawo a 2015, da zanga-zangar jaridar Tarh-e Nev a 2016 da kuma ta Karabakh ta biyu a shekarar 2020.
Daga cikin maganganun da aka rika amfani da su a zanga-zangar akwai, 'Ni Baturke ne, 'Allah Ya ja zamanin kabilar Azerbaijan,' da sauransu, wanda masu zanga-zangar suka rika rerawa.
Wani abin lura shi ne wadannan maganganun ba su tsaya a zanga-zangar kadai ba, ana amfani da su a tattaunawar yau da kullum a kasar, musamman a tsakanin matasa.
Wani babban lamari da ya dauki hankali shi ne yadda aka rika jefa irin maganganun a lokacin da ake wasan kwallon kafa na Kungiyar Tractor, kungiyar da Turkawan Azerbaijani suka yi fice wajen goya mata baya.
A wajen wasan, dubban magoya bayan kungiyar sun rika cewa, 'Tabriz, Baku, Ankara / ina muke ne, muma 'yan farisa ne.
Hakan ya sa aka zargi magoya bayan kungiyar da nuna fifikon son kasar Turkiyya.
Zabe bayan mutuwar Raisi
Kamfe a zaben na wannan karon ya kara nuna baraka da ke tsakanin manyan jam'iyyun siyasar kasar.
Ya bayyana a fili cewa akwai 'yan takara biyar masu ra'ayin rikau da kuma guda daya mai saukin ra'ayi. Bayan haka, masu kada kuri'ar ma sun rabu sosai, inda akwai masu ra'ayin rikau da matsakaita da masu kare hakkin kabilunsu da 'yan ba ruwanmu.
Daga cikin 'yan takarar, Masoud Pezeshkian ne mai ra'ayin kawo sauyi a cikin lalama, amma Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf da Mostafa Purmohammadi masu matsakaicin ra'ayi ne, sai kuma Saeed Jalili, Alireza Zakani, da Seyed Amir Hossein Ghazizadeh Hashemi masu ra'ayin rikau.
Amma a tsakanin mutanen Iran ana ganin za a fafata zaben ne a tsakanin mai ra'ayin rikau Saeed Jalilis, wanda ya fi zafi a cikinsu, da mai saukin ra'ayi, Masoud Pezeshkian.
A wani zaben gwaji da Hukumar Zaben Dalibai ta Iran ta gudanar, sakamakon ya nuna cewa Masoud Pezeshkian ne ke kan gaba da kashi 24.4 na magoya baya, sai Saeed Jalilis ke biye masa da kashi 24, sai Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf ya zo na uku da kashi 14.7.
Kuri'ar gwajin ta nuna cewa kashi 43 na wadanda suka amsa tambayoyu ne za su kada kuri'a a zaben, akwai yiwuwar karin kashi 7.7 za su yi zaben, sannan kashi 14.8 ba su yanke shawarar ko za su yi zaben ko ba za su yi ba, sannan kashi 27.9 ba za su yi zaben ba baki daya.
Daga cikin 'yan takarar, Masoud Pezeshkian zai samu goyon bayan jam'iyyun adawa da suka hade bayan zanga-zangar sanya mayafi da kuma wasu masu saukin ra'ayi da suka samu matsala da tsohon Shugaban Kasar Hassan Rouhani.
Tun bayan juyin juya halin 1979, zaben da ya fi samun masu kada kuri'a a cikin zabukan Shugaban Kasa guda 13 da aka yi a kasar shi ne na 12 ga Yunin 2009, wanda zanga-zangar ta barke a bayansa har ta kai ga an yi asarar rayuka a kokarin hukuma na dakile zanga-zangar.
Zaben da aka samu mafi karancin masu kada kuri'a kuwa shi ne zaben 18 ga Yunin 2021, inda kashi 48.8 na mutane suka kada kuri'a. Wannan ya sa ake tafka muhawarar ko dai mutane sun fara yanke kauna daga siyasar kasar ne.
A cewar masu masu sharhi, Majalisar Koli ta kasar ta bar mai saukin ra'ayi Masoud Pezeshkian ya shiga zaben ne domin a samu karin masu kada kuri'a.
Amma kuma yanayin yadda kamfen ke gudana ya nuna cewa damar Masoud ta lashe zaben na kara fadada, sannan yawancin wadanda ba sa jin dadin yanayin tafiyar da kasar suna kara kaunarsa.
Muhawarar asalin Turkawa
Daga cikin masu goyon bayan Masoud Pezeshkian akwai masu fafutikar 'yancin Turkawa, wadanda suna da yawa a cikin Iran.
Idan aka yi la'aikari da salon siyasar da Masoud Pezeshkian ya dauka a kamfe dinsa, akwai alamar ya fahimci siyasa da bukatun masu fafutikar.
Misali, a lokacin da ake muhawara akan zaben da aka haska a talabijin kasar, an jefa wa Masoud Pezeshkian cewa akwai masu fafutikar muradun hadin kan Turkawa a cikin magoya bayansa.
Sai ya amsa da cewa, "Idan har za a rika tattauna batun hadin kan Turkawa ko Larabawa ko sauran masu fafutika, ya nuna cewa ke nan akwai rashin adalci. Idan ya kasance duk iliminsu da basirarsu, ba su da wakilci a gwamnati, ai ba abin mamaki ba ne idan sun nuna rashin jin dadinsu."
A wasu faye-fayan bidiyo da ake yadawa a kafofin sadarwa a Iran, sun nuna cewa masoya Masoud Pezeshkian sun kara amince da takararsa ce tare da nanata cewa yana da tatson Turkawa.
Wani abu na daban shi ne magoya bayan Masoud Pezeshkian ba Turkawan Azerbaijani ba ne kadai da suke zaune a Arewa maso Yammacin Iran ba, a'a, yana da magoya bayan da dama a cikin Turkawan Qashqai da suke zaune a tsakiyar kasar.
A takaice, Turkawa da suke zaune a Iran sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin Iran, a matsayin wadanda aka assasa kasar da su, kuma suna cikin wadanda suke juya akalar siyasar kasar.
A tarihi, fafutikar 'yancin kabilanci, musamman a tsakanin Turkawan Azerbaijani, ya fara zuwa rikidewa zuwa bambancin ra'ayin addini.
Amma duk da haka, a 'yan kwanakin nan, lallai ana samun karuwar hadin kai a tsakanin Turkawan Iran. A bayyana yake cewa maganar Turkawa yanzu ta zama ruwan dare a siyasar kasar, kuma Turkawa sun zama jigo a siyasar kasar.
Fafutikar 'yancin Turkawa ya kara karfi ne a cikin shekara 40 da suka gabata, sannan muhawara a kan zaben da ke tafe ta kara bayyana ta.
Marubucin, Ata Şahit, babban Forodusa ne a TRT.
Togaciya: Ba dole ba ne ra'ayin marubucin ya zama daidai da ra'ayi ko dolokin aikin jarida na TRT Afrika ba.
