China fa ta duƙufa a Afrika. Tun da farko a wannan watan, Beijing ta ƙaddamar da sha'aninta na diflomasiyya mafi girma a shekarun baya bayan nan bayan ta kammala Babban Taron Haɗin Kai Tsakanin China da Ƙasashen Afrika (FOCAC) karo na Tara.
Ta wannan babban taron, China da ƙawayenta na Afrika sun ƙaddamar da saƙon "wata makoma da kowa ke da ruwa da tsaki a cikinta" da kuma " samar da cigaban zamani tare da rungumar kowa".
Manyan shugabannin ƙasashen Afrika sama da 50, ko wakilansu sun halarci babban taron inda Beijing ta ɗauki alƙawarin ɗaukar nauyin ayyukan cigaba a Afrika da kuɗinsu ya kai dala biliyan $50.7.
Girma da saƙon da aka isar a sha'anin, a bayyane yake, ya fi na sauran manyan Tarurrukan Haɗin Kai Tsakanin China da Ƙasashen Afrika( FOCAC) da suka gabata abin da ya haddasa nuna damuwa a ɓangaren ƙasashen Yammacin Duniya da Amurka ke jagoranta, wanda ke gogayya da China wajen samun ƙarfin faɗa-a-ji a nahiyar Afirka.
Amma kamar Sinawan sun samu fifiko irin na "wa ya fara" a yunkurin ƙulla hulɗoɗi da faɗaɗa cinikayya da zuba jari tare da ƙasashen Afrika idan aka kwatanta da duk sauran ƙasashen da suke gogayya da su.
Hakan ya nuna a cinikayya da zuba jari da kuma bayar da lamuni inda China ta sha gaban Amurka, ƙasar da ta fi kowace ƙasa ƙarfin tattalin arziƙi a duniya.
Alal misali, China ta kasance abokiyar cinikayyar Afrika mafi girma a shekaru 15 a jere da suka gabata. A shekarar 2023, cinikayyar China da Afirka ta kai dala biliyan $282.
Manyan abubuwan da China take fitarwa zuwa Afrika sun haɗa da motoci masu amfani da batira, da batira da ake iya musu caji da wutar lantarki da kuma kayayyaki masu amfani da hasken rana.
Abubuwan da China ke shigarwa kasarta sun haɗa da albarkatun ƙarƙashin ƙasa, da kayan lambu da kayan marmari da kuma furanni.
A ɗaya bangaren, cinikayya tsakanin Amurka da Afrika ya kai dala biliyan $68 a 2023. Kayayyakin da Amurka ke fitarwa zuwa ƙasashen Afrika sun haɗa da jirgin sama, da man fetur da motoci da kuma iskar gas, yayin da kuma take shigar da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da ɗanyen mai, albarkatun ƙarƙashin ƙasa, da kayan ƙawa da kuma kayan sakawa.
Bin Kuɗin
Har ila yau China ita ce tafi bai wa Afrika bashi.
A cewar wani binciken jami'ar Boston, China ta bai wa ƙasashen Afrika bashin fiye da dala biliyan $182 tsakanin shekarar 2000 zuwa shekarar 2023, abin da ke tabbatar da cewa, tun da aka ƙaddamar da FOCAC, ƙawancen tattalin arziƙin Beijing da Afrika ya bunƙasa sosai.
Amma tun ɓarkewar annobar COVID a 2019, shigowar kuɗaɗen China zuwa Afrika ya ragu sosai idan aka kwatanta da shekarun farko farko na shirin China na gudanar da ayyukan raya ƙasa a faɗin duniya, wato shirin Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) da aka ƙaddamar a 2013.
A farko farkon shekarun BRI, bashin da China ke bai wa Afrika a kai a kai ya zarce dala biliyan $10 a kowace shekara.
Amma bayan zamanin wahalar karɓar bashi a ƴan shekarun da suka shuɗe, a 2023, an kuma samun ƙaruwar samun basussukan China a Afrika yayin da suka kai dala biliyan $4.61.
A nata bangaren, Washington ta ɗauki nauyin gudanar da wasu ayyuka 15 ta cikin shirinta na Cinikayya Da Hukumar Kawo Cigaba.
Waɗannan tallafin na da hadafin taimakawa a gudanar da ayyukan samar da ababan more rayuwa da kuɗinsu ya kai dala biliyan $3.4 a faɗin Afrika, abin da ke tabbatar da cewa ita ma Amurka ta yi rauni a wannan ɓangaren idan aka kwatanta da China.
Ita ma Gwamnatin Biden ta gudanar da Babban Taron Amurka Da Shugabannin Afrika a watan Disamba 2022 - Irin wannan babban taron jiƙo na biyu da aka taɓa yi bayan tazarar shekara takwas.
Wannan babban taro da aka yi ta alla-alla a gudanar da shi shugabanni ƙasashen Afrika 49 ne suka halarce shi.
Sai dai, China tana da wani fifikon diflomasiyya a Afrika sama da ƙasashen yamma ƙarƙashin jagorancin Amurka saboda wasu dalilai, da suka haɗa da cewa China tana da tarihin goyon bayan kungiyoyin gwagwarmayar ƙwatan ƴancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka tun zamanin juyin juya halin mulkin kwamunisanci na China na 1949.
Tun shekarun 1990, China tana ta ƙara cinikayya da kasuwanci da kuma zuba jari akai akai, abin da ya ƙarƙare a taron FOCAC na farko a shekarar 2000.
Da aka ƙaddamar da BRI a 2013, waɗannan harkokin sun ƙara bunƙasa duk da zarge zargen ƙasashen yamma wai Beijing na amfani da bashi don mamaye kadarorin ƙasashen da ke karɓar bashin.
China ba ta samun damuwa wajen ƙulla alaƙa da ƙasashe masu bin tsarin demokradiyya, kamar yadda ba ta da matsala wajen ƙulla hulɗar da ƙasashe ƴan kama-karya ko masu mulkin angulu-da-kan-zabo.
China ba ta da matsala wajen ƙulla hulɗa da ƙasashe masu alaƙa ta kusa da Amurka kamar yadda ba ta da matsala wajen ƙulla dangantaka da ƙasashen da suke da kusanci da Moscow.
Sinawan ba sa taɓa neman abokanan cinikayyarsu da abokanan hulɗarsu wajen zuba jari da su goyi bayan Beijing a kan kowace hatsaniya a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, har da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.
Wannan yana zama abu mai sauƙi ga ƙasashe masu tasowa su yi mu'amala da China.
Akasin haka kuma, bangaren da Amurka ke jagoranta ya duƙufa wajen ƙaƙaba tsarin dimokuraɗiyya irin na yammacin duniya, da nau'in shugabanci da kuma aƙidun kare haƙƙin bil adama a faɗin duniya, musamman a ƙasashe masu tasowa.
Alal misali, a Babban Taron Amurka Da Shugabannin Afrika jiƙo na biyu, karfafa tsarin dimokuraɗiyya da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam suna ɗaya daga cikin taken taro.
A wajen masu ra'ayin sauyi, dogewar Amurka wajen yaɗa aƙidun demokradiyyar da ƴancin ɗan adam aƙidu ne da ya wajaba a yaba sannan a ƙaunace su.
Sai dai kuma, waɗanda ke ɗaya bangaren suna masa kallon shisshigi da gangan cikin al'amurran ƙasashe da ƙasashen yammacin duniya ke yi ba tare da la'akari da sharrruɗan ba, da suka haɗa da hanyar sarrafa haja da kuma cigaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin ƙasashe masu tasowa.
Waɗannan masu sukar har wa yau sun ce shamaki da sarƙaƙiyar manufofin ƙasashen waje na Amurka, waɗanda suka kawar da kai a kan waɗannan aƙidun yayin da suke hulɗa da wasu zaɓaɓɓun masu mulkin mulkiyya na ƙasashe masu arziƙin mai ko waɗanda Washington ke da wata sha'awar ta musamman a kan su.
Masu adawa da salon yammacin duniya na yin amfani da batutuwan dimokuraɗiyya da ƴanci ɗan adam a matsayin makami sun ce a al'ummomin da ake mulkin gargajiya ko gaurayen mulkin gargajiya da wani salon mulkin, salon mulkin dimokuraɗiyya da shugabanci irin na yammacin duniya yana haifar da ƙarin matsala ne a maimakon masalaha.
Kuma ko shakka babu, yaƙunan basasa na da da na yanzu da suka ƙi suka ƙi cinyewa a ƙasashen Asia da Afrika da dama wata manuniya ce da ta tabbatar da wannan gurguwar manufa ta kasashen yammacin duniya.
Mafuskanta ta fuskar tarihi
A watannin baya bayan nan, ƙasashen Afrika da yawa da suka ƙi su yi allawadai da Moscow kan yaƙin Ukraine, sun fito fili sun soki rawar da Washington ke takawa a rikicin.
Salon hulɗar China da ƙasashe masu tasowa shi ne kishiyar salon Washington da ƙawayenta, domin ƙulla dangantaka da Beijing ba shi da wata buƙata ta aƙida ko ta siyasa.
A nata bangaren, Beijing ta yi yunƙurin kauce wa maganganu marasa tasiri, tana mayar da hankali kan cigaban zamani tare da tafiya da kowa da kowa, bunƙasa na gaba, tsaftacen makamashi, samar da masana'antu,da bunƙasa aikin gona da tsaro da kuma BRI da ke da hadafin haɗe nahiyoyi da dama da China, ta hanyar samar da abubuwan more rayuwa na zahiri.
A jawabinsa na buɗe babban taron, shugaba Xi Jinping ya yi gugar-zana kan salon yammacin duniya wajen zamanantarwa, yana cewa ya haddasa wahalhalu masu yawa a kan ƙasashe masu tasowa.
Yayin da yake kira da a gyara tarihin rashin adalci da aka yi wa Afrika, sauran jawabinsa kusan ya mayar da hankali ne kan muradun cigaba da aka yi tarayya a kai da kuma kawo cigaban zamani a ƙasashe masu tasowa.
Hakan ya yi nuni da kitsatstsun manufofin Beijing da aka shirya su bisa tunani mai zurfi na nuna haƙuri da juriya da suka bai wa China damar mayar da hankali kan faɗaɗa tasirin tattalin arziƙinta a duniya ta hanyar kaucewa rikici ko da kuwa an takale ta ne.
Wannan salon yana sauƙaƙa rayuwar waɗannan shugabannin Afrikan, da ma ƙarin wasu da dama a Asia da Latin Amurka, waɗanda ke son ɗasawa da Beijing da Washington a lokaci guda.
Irin hamayyar zamanin yaƙin cacar baka, lokacin da Amurka da tsohuwar Soviet Union suke yaƙar juna ta hanyar ƴan kanzaginsu a faɗin duniya, har da Afrika, bai dace da ko ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa ba.
Har wa yau, China ta yi amfani da dabarunta na tura fasahar zamani zuwa ƙasashe masu tasowa, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin jigon babban taron FOCAC.
Babu mamaki da ƙasashe masu tasowa da dama ke kallon China a matsayin wacce ke ba da wani zaɓi ta fuskar cigaba da ta ke nuni da daidaito da ɗorewa.
Hakan ya hannun riga da matsayar ɓarin ƙasashen yamma ƙarƙashin jagorancin Amurka, inda hayaniyar dimokuraɗiyya haɗa da tulin aƙidu, ke kawo cikas ga daukar mataki a lokacin da ya dace.
Duk da haka, hanya mafi inganci da ƙasashen Afrika za su ci gaba, da ma wasu ƙasashen Asia da Latin Amurka, ita ce su yi hulɗa da Amurka da China a lokaci guda.
Waɗannan manyan ƙasashen guda biyu za su iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa ƙasashe masu tasowa su kuɓutar da al'ummarsu daga talauci da kuma zaburar da cigabansu, da masana'antunsu da kuma ƙoƙarinsu wajen kawo cigaban zamani.
Batun nan na " ko mu ko su" yana da lahani ga zaman lafiya da cigaba. Togaciya: Ra'ayoyi da marubucin ya bayyana ba dole ba ne su zo daidai da ra'ayi,ko fahimtar manufofin edita na TRT Afrika.
Marubucin ra'ayi shi ne Amir Zia.
