Daga Marisa Lourenço
Amurka na ƙoƙarin gyara dangantaka tun lokacin da dangantakarta da ƙasashen Afrika ta yi tsami a zamanin mulkin tsohon shugaban ƙasa Donald Trump (2016-20), Wanda ya ƙi ziyartar nahiyar tsawon wa'adin mulkinsa na shekaru huɗu.
Wannan lamarin na ƙunshe ne a Kundin Manufofin Amurka a Kan Ƙasashen Afrika da aka fitar a watan Agusta 2022, wanda ya bayyana ƙudurin ƙasar a kan nahiyar.
A cikin manufofin, Amurka ta ce tana son sake fasalin dangantakarta da takwarorinta na Afrika, ta saurari ra'ayoyi mabambanta, sannan ta faɗaɗa tuntuɓarta, domin haɓaka manyan manufofinta saboda amfanin ƴan Afrikan da kuma Amurkawan.
Wannan karatun-ta-nutsun yana da wata gwaggwaɓar manufa. Gwamnatin ƙarƙashin jagorancin Shugaban Ƙasa Joe Biden tun shekarar 2020 ta samu gagarumin cigaba a ɓangarori guda biyu na manufofi a kan Afrika waɗanda sune hanzarta farfaɗowa daga annobar Corona, da bayar da tallafin tattalin arziƙi; sai kuma goyon bayan tattaunawa, da sabawa da sauyin yanayi da kuma tallafi wajen samar da makamashi mai tsafta.
Alal misali, Amurka ta ƙulla ƙawance da wasu ƙasashen Afrika irin su Cote d'voire, da Ghana da kuma Kenya domin haɓaka cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a matakin farko a waɗannan ƙasashen, sannan ta bayar da gudummawa a Gidauniyar Samar da Makamashi ta Bankin Raya Ƙasashen Afrika, a wani ƙoƙarin tallafawa shirin samar da makamashi mai tsafta.
Har ila yau, Biden ya cika alƙawarin da ya ɗauka na watan Disamba na 2022 game da goyon bayan saka Tarayyar Afrika a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashe Masu Ƙarfin Tattalin Arziƙi ta G20, wacce aka karɓe ta a hukumance a babban taron ƙungiyar na watan Agustan wannan shekarar.
Bisa ga dukan alamu, an ƙagi manufofin ne tare da yin la'akari cikin tsanaki, da hadafin samun daidaito tsakanin buƙatun yankin da kuma dukiyar da Amurka ke da niyyar bayarwa.
Abin yabawa musamman, shi ne ƙoƙarin aiki da ƙungiyoyi na gida da waje ƴan ba-ruwanmu da suka haɗa da Tarayyar Afrika, da Cibiyar Hana Yaɗuwar Cututtuka ta Afrika (CDC), da ƙungiyar Lafiya Ta Afirka ta Yamma da sauransu, da kuma goyon bayan ƴan jarida da ƴan majalisar dokoki na cikin gida wajen magance cin-hanci da rashawa.
Ya kamata a sani cewa manufofin ƙasashen waje na Amurka sun sanya muradun Amurka a sama da komai amma gwamnatoci daban daban na iya yin amfani da dabaru mabambanta.
Sai dai, bisa ga dukan alamu, gwamnatin Biden ba ta yi la'akari da sauye sauyen siyasa da kuma yanayin yanki wajen hulɗa da takwarorin nata ba.
Afrika ba ta matsayin da take yanzu kamar yadda take zamanin mulkin Trump, kuma wasu ƙasashe a yankin yanzu ba su damu da da yadda Amurka ta ɗauke su ba, sannan sun fi damuwa da yadda suka ɗauki Amurkan.
Wuri Mai Sauyawa
Wani ɓangare na wannan ɗabi'ar sauyin yana da nasaba da ƙin jinin ƙasashen yammacin duniya a faɗin yankin, wanda ya ƙaru tun lokacin da aka samu maganin riga-kafin cutar Corona a ƙarshen shekarar 2022.
Ƙasashen da suka ci-gaba sun saye allurar riga-kafin suka ɓoye domin amfanin al'ummominsu, ko da kuwa ƙasashe masu tasowa da ba za su iya saye da yawa ba, za su rasa kwata kwata.
Ita ma India ta hana fita da allurar riga-kafin lokacin da cutar ta yunƙuro mata a karo na biyu, yayin da kamuwa da cutar a cikinta ya yi ƙamari.
Ƴaƴan ƙawancen ƙasashen global south da suka haɗa da gwamnatoci a Afrika, sun fito idon duniya suka yi allawadai da abin da suka kira kishin ƙasa na allurar riga-kafi.
Wannan rashin yardar ya yi naso zuwa wasu sassan, mafi bayyana a ciki shi ne, kushe yunƙurin ƙasashen yammacin duniya, game da a yi watsi da makamashin da aka saba amfani da shi, a koma amfani da fasahar makamashi mai tsafta.
Tun da aka gudanar da Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya A Kan Sauyin Yanayi na 2021 (COP26),shugabannin Afrika da dama suna ɗaga muryoyinnsu game da cewa bai kamata wasu can su dinga yi musu shisshigi wajen zamar da ƙasashensu masu arzikin masana'antu ba, sannan suka caccaki ƙasashen yammacin duniya, a kan saɓa alƙawarin da suka ɗauka, na samar da kuɗaɗen gudanar da shirin sauyi daga makamashin da aka saba amfani da shi zuwa makamashi mai tsafta.
Har ila yau, ana samun ƙaruwar yi wa dimokuraɗiyya karan tsaye a Afrika, wacce ta fuskanci juyin mulkin soji guda takwas tun 2020.
Faransa ta kasance ƙasar yamma da ido yake kanta game da sauyi a yanayin siyasar, idan aka yi la'akari da rawar da ta taka a ƙasashen Afrika kafin da bayan mulkin mallaka, amma su ma sababbin shugabannin mulkin soja suna hautsuna tsarin demokradiyya a Afrika.
Sannan kuma, akwai ƙaruwar ɓacin rai game da yadda ƙasashen da suka ci gaba ke kwashe albarkatun Afrika da kuma tsoma baki a harkokin siyasarsu, musamman ma waɗanda suka yi mulkin mallaka a nahiyar.
Taƙaitaccen Iko
Babu lamarin da ya nuna gazawar Amurka ta yin la'akari da wannan sauyin kamar martaninta wa gwamnatocin Afrika da dama, da suka zaɓi su zama ƴan ba-ruwanmu, a ƙuri'ar da aka kaɗa a Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kan yin allawadai da Russia game da yaƙin da take yi da Ukraine tun watan Fabrairu na 2022.
A lokuta daban daban a wannan shekarar, sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka, Anthony Blinken da kuma sakatariyar Baitul Mali, Janet Yellen sun je yankin don buƙatar gwamnatoci ƙasashe su la'anci Russia, suna nanata cewa yin shiru daidai yake da goyon baya.
Afrika ta Kudu ta ɗanɗana kuɗarta a kan wannan tafarkin. Amurka ta zarge ta da sayar wa da gwamnatin Russia makamai - zargin da wani kwamitin bincike na Afrika ta Kudu ya gano cewa ƙarya ne. Jakadan Amurka Reuben Brigety, wanda ya yi zargin, ya nemi gafara daga baya.
Yanzu dai kamar gwamnatin Biden ta mayar da wuƙarta kube, amma ya ɗauke ta tsawon watanni kafin ta gano cewa, mamayar da ta yi a duniya, ba za ta tilasta wa gwamnatocin Afrika su nuna ga ɓangaren da suke goyon baya ba.
Tun da farko a wannan watan, Afrika ta Kudu ta karɓi baƙuncin taron kasuwanci tsakanin Amurka da ƙasashen Afrika na AGOA, a wani abin da mutane dadama ke kalllo a matsayin wani yunƙuri ne da Amurka ke yi, na kyautata dangantaka tsakanin ta da ƙasar.
Yayin da har yanzu Amurka babbar abokiyar kasuwancin ƙasashen Afrika dadama ne, akwai ƙasashe dayawa da ke neman samun ƙarfi faɗa a ji a Afrika, a matsayin wani ɓangare na sauye sauye da ake samu a duniya.
A bayyane yake idan Amurka na son cim ma burinta na kyautata dangantaka da ƙasashen Afrika, akwai buƙatar ta rungumi zahirin lamarin da ke gudana a Afrika, da ma duniya gabaɗaya, sannan ta koyi tattaunawa da muryoyi da yawa, har da waɗanda ra'ayinsu bai zo daidai ba.
Mawallafiyar Marisa Lourenço, mai sharhi a kan al'amurra siyasa mai zaman kanta ce, a Johannesburg, Afrika ta Kudu.
Hattara Dai : Ra'ayoyin da mawallafiyar ta bayyana ba dole ba ne ya zo daidai da ra'ayi, ko fahimta da kuma manufofin edita na TRT Afirka.
