Daga Nuri Aden
An ware ranar 21 ga watan Yuni a matsayin ranar Rakumin Dawa ta duniya saboda wayar da kan jama'a kan muhimmancin dabbar da yadda za a kare ta musamman daga masu farautar ta.
Akwai akalla rakumin dawa 117,000 a duniya a bara, idan aka kwatanta da 155,000 da ake da su a shekarun 1980, kamar yadda Gidauniyar kare Rakuman Dawa ta Giraffe Conservation Foundation (GCF) ta bayyana.
''Adadin yana nuna raguwa da kaso 30 cikin 100, sai dai kuma adadin ya dan yi sama idan aka kwatanta da hasashen da wata kungiyar kare muhalli ta International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ta yi a 2016, inda ta ce akwai kasa da rakuman dawa 100,000 a fadin duniya," kamar yadda gidauniyar GCF ta bayyana a shafinta na intanet.
''Ko da yake bayanai na baya-bayan nan sun dogara ne a kan alkaluma maimakon ainihin adadinsu. Amma a wasu wurare da rakumin dawa ya fi zama, adadinsu ya ragu da kaso 95 cikin 100 a tsawon wancan lokacin," in ji shafin.
Raguwar rakumin dawa
''Ana farautar rakumin dawa ne saboda namansa, kuma yana kauracewa muhallin da aka san sa saboda yadda ake sare itatuwa da kuma aikace-aikacen noma," in ji Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.
Wannan ya yi tasiri sosai a bangaren yawon bude ido da tattalin arzikin kasashen Afirka da dama wadanda suke da rakumin dawa da yawa. Saboda haka wasu kasashe suka haramta farautar rakuman dawa.
Duk da cewa ana samun rakumin dawa a fiye da kasashe 20 a Afirka, sai ya fara bacewa a bakwai daga cikinsu: Burkina Faso da Eritrea da Guinea da Mali da Nijeriya da Mauritaniya da kuma Senegal.
''Abubuwan da suke jawo barazana ga rayuwar sauran rakuman dawa suka rage su ne: rarraba muhallinsu da gurbatarsa da karuwar yawan jama'a da farauta ba bisa ka'ida ba da cututtuka da yake-yake da sauransu," in ji gidauniyar GCF.
Rakumin dawan kudu shi ne nau'in rakumin dawa da aka fi samu a nahiyar, adadinsa ya kai 49,867. Kuma 29,675 daga cikinsu ana samunsu ne a Afirka ta Kudu, sai 20,192 da ake samu a Angola, kamar yadda kungiyar kare muhalli da halittu ta International Union for the Conservation of Nature ta bayyana.
Barcin rakumin dawa
An fi samun rakunin dawa a yankin Gabashin Afirka, inda suke da fiye da kaso 50 cikin 100 na gaba daya adadin da ke Afirka. Kenya tana nau'uka da dama na rakuman dawa.
Saboda zubin halittarsu wanda ya fita daban da sauran dabbobi ya sa mutane da yawa suna kaunarsa kuma wannan ya sa ake samun 'yan yawon bude ido sosai a wurin da suke.
Rakumin dawa yana bukatar minti biyar zuwa 30 kawai na barci, kamar yadda masana suka bayyana. Suna samun haka ne ta yin gajeran bari wanda a wasu lokuta bai wuce tsawon minti daya ko biyu.
Masana sun ce babu wasu rakuman dawa biyu da suke da zanen jikin fatarsu iri daya, kamar yadda babu wasu mutum biyu da suke da tambarin yatsa iri guda.
Da wuya a samu rakuman dawa da suke da zane da ya yi kama da juna idan aka tara rakuman dawa akalla 450, kamar yadda masana suka bayyana.
Kamar yadda masana suka bayyana zuciyar rakumin dawa ta kai nauyin kilogram 11 kuma tana bugawa sau 40 zuwa 90 a kowane minti sabanin da mutane da yawa suke tunani – cewa rakumin dawa yana da zuciya da ta fi ta sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa wacce take harba jini a sassan jikinsa.
Ko da yake fatar zuciyarsa daga bangaren hagu tana da kauri saboda hakan yana taimaka masa daga faduwa (fight gravity), kamar yadda gidauniyar GCF ta bayyana.
Haihuwa
Wani abu kuma game da rakumin dawa shi ne yana shan wahala idan zai sha ruwa da ke kasar saboda yadda wuyansa yake gajere idan aka kwatanta da tsawon sauran jikinsa.
Sai dai abin sha'awar shi ne ba sa bukatar shan ruwa sosai saboda yawancin ruwan da suke bukata yana zuwa da ganyen da itatuwar da suke ci.
Rakumar dawa tana yin tsawon wata 15 daga daukar ciki zuwa haihuwa, bayan jaririn rakumin dawa ya fito daga ciki wato daga nisan mita biyu, yana tsayawa da kafarsa cikin awa daya bayan haihuwarsa. Rakumin dawa maza da mata duka suna da kawo bayan haihuwarsu.
Rakumar dawa yana haihuwar da daya ne kuma mahaifiyarsa tana rainon abin da ta haifa har tsawon wata 22, kamar yadda masana suka bayyana.
''A wasu wuraren kaso 50 cikin 100 na jariran rakuman dawa ba sa wuce shekara daya suke mutuwa," in ji gidauniyar GCF.
Gaba daya rakumin dawa zai iya rayuwa har tsawon shekara 25 a dawa ko kuma shekara 28 idan a tsare yake.
Ko da yake yawancin rakuman dawa ba sa rayuwa har tsawon wannan lokaci saboda barazanar da suke fuskanta daga mafarauta da aikace-aikacen dan adam ko kuma tasirin sauyin yanayi.
