Sama da 'yan Afirka miliyan 12 ne a sace kuma aka kai kasashen yammacin duniya a matsayin bayi. Hoto: Getty Images

Daga Abdulwasiu Hassan

Lamarin zaluncin da aka yi wa Afirka a baya ya cigaba da tasiri a kan nahiyar a yau.

Sima Luipert, wadda wani ɗan kama-wuri-zauna ɗan asalin Jamus ya kai wa kakar kakarta farmaki a lokacin da Jamus ta ƙwace Namibiya da ƙarfin tuwo a ƙarni na 20, ta san yadda irin wannan tunanin yake.

"Abin da ya faru a wancan lokacin zalunci ne ga bil'adama gaba ɗaya," in ji Sima, wadda har yanzu iyalinta ba su karbi diyyar laifukan da aka aikata a kansu sama da ƙarni daya da ya wuce ba.

"Lamarin (fafatukar neman diyya) ya kasance abin da aka daɗe ana yi. Ba lamarin lokaci ƙalilan ba ne. Abu ne da ake ci gaba da yi," kamar yadda mai fafatukar, wadda ta kasance mai bai wa shugabannin kabilar Nama shawara kan diyya, ta shaida wa TRT Afrika.

Tarihi mai muni

Daga shekarar 1904 zuwa 1908, Turanwan Jamus sun aikata kisan ƙare-dangi kan ‘yan kabilar Nama da Herero wadanda suka yi adawa da ƙwace filayensu. An kashe dubban mutane daga ƙabilun biyu.

A matsayinta ta ɗaya daga cikin jikokin wadanda suka fuskanci kisan kare-dangin, Sima ta san da ababuwan da suka faru a lokacin zaluncin ne ta hanyar labaran da kakarta ta ba ta.

"Shigar Jamus kasar Nama da Herero wani abu ne na ta tashin hankali, wanda makasudinsa ƙwace fili ne, kuma an yi hakan ba tare da la’akari da abin da zai janyo ba," a cewar Sima.

"Idan hakan na nufin sai an aiakata kisan kare-dangi, Jamus ta shirya domin aikata ta."

Ta kuma yi imanin cewar Jamusawan Namibiya wadanda suka ci gadon filayen da aka ƙwace daga hannun kakanninta sun “ci gajiyar” laifukan da aka aikata a kan mutanenta.

Sima wadda take daga Kudancin Afirka ba ita kadai ce jikar wadanda akaƙkwace wa filaye wadanda suke neman diyya daga kasashen Yammacin duniyar da suka ba da umarnin ƙwace filaye da kuma waɗanda suka ci gajiyar zaluncin ba.

Peter Kiprotich Arap Bett mazaunin Gabashin Afirka ne, amma fushinsa bai gaza na Sima ba.

Peter dan ɗaya daga yankin Kipsigi na kasar Kenya ne kuma jikan daye ne daga cikin dubban mutanen da Turawa ‘yan kama wuri zauna suka ƙwace filayensu a lokacin da Birtaniya ta yi mulkin mallaka a Gabashin Afirka.

An tilasta wa bayi da dama aiki a gonaki a munanan yanayi. Hoto: Getty Images

Kakansa, Tapsimatee Araap Borowo, ya kasance daga cikin mutanen Kipsigis da Talai da aka kora daga filayensu. Bugu da ƙari jikokinsu sun kasance cikin matsanancin talauci tun wannan lokacin.

Abin da ya fi damun Peter shi ne gwamnatin Birtaniya ba ta yi tunanin cewa ya kamata ta nemi afuwa kan zaluncin da ta yi a baya ba a hukumance, ballantana ta biya diyya ga iyalan da ta ƙwace wa filaye da ƙarfin tuwo.

A lokacin da Sarki Charles ya ziyarci Kenya kwanan nan, mutane irin su Peter sun tsammanci basaraken ya yi abin da ya fi bayyana "matukar bakin ciki da kuma babbar nadama " kan zaluncin da dakarun Birtaniya suka tafka a Kenya.

Duk da cewa Shugaba William Ruto ya yaba wa "ƙwarin gwiwarsa da kuma shiryawarsa don bayyana gaskiya mai ɗaci " a tarihin mu’amala tsakanin kasashen biyu, "ana bukatar ƙara hobbasa don cimma ganin an biya diyya gaba daya," in ji shi.

Ba Sarki Charles ne kawai basaraken Yammacin Duniya wanda ya sha suka ba kan wannan batun ba.

A lokacin da ya yi ziyararsa ta farko zuwa Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Kongo a shekarar 2022, Sarki Philippe na kasar Belgium ya bayyana "babbar nadamarsa" kan zaluncin mulkin mallaka da ƙasarsa ke da hannu ciki.

Kimanin ‘yan kasar Kongo miliyan 10 zuwa 15 ne aka kashe kai tsaye ko kuma ta hanyar tamowa da cututtuka a lokacin da Belgium ta mulki Kongo tsawon shekara 23 – daga shekarar 1885 zuwa 1908 – a lokacin da Sarki Leopold II, dan'uwan kakan-kakan-kakan Sarki Philippe, ya yi wa kasar mulkin kama-karya.

Daya daga cikin ababen tsoro na wancan lokacin shi ne barazanar yanke hannayen ‘yan Kongo idan ba su iya tatsar ruwan robar da masu mulkin mallaka suka yanka musu ba.

Har zuwa shekarar 2022 ana tafka muhawara a majalisar dokokin kasar Belgium kan yiwuwar amfani da kamlar “neman afuwa” game da laifukan da kasar ta yi a baya a Kongo saboda wasu na tsoron hakan zai iya ba da ƙwarin gwiwa ga neman diyya.

Shin za su biya?

Kiran neman a biya diyya bai kadaita ga kananan mutanen Afirka ba ne kawai. Wadanda suke gwamnati ma suna neman a biya diyyar.

Shugaban Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo, yana daya daga cikin shugabannin da suke neman a biya diyyar . Hoto: Reuters

Shugaban kasar Ghana Nana Akufo Addo ya shaida wa wakilai a wani taro a Accra cewa akwai bukatar a biya diyya ga iyalan kimanin ‘yan Afirka miliyan 12 da kasashen Yammacin duniya suka mayar bayi da ƙarfi.

"Lokaci ya yi wa Afirka, wadda aka kwace wa ‘ya’yanta ‘yancinsu kuma aka sayar da kakanninsu a matsayin bayi, ta karbi diyya," kamar yadda ya fada a taron neman biyan diyya da aka yi a Accra.

Wakilai a taron sun amince da kafa “asusun neman biyan diyya na duniya” domin a nemi diyya ga miliyoyin ‘yan Afirka da aka mayar da su bayi a lokacin cinikin bayi zuwa Turai da Amurka.

Yayin da kiran neman diyya ke ƙaruwa, wasu manazarta na da karancin ƙwarin gwiwar cewa kasashen Yammacin duniyar da suke da hannu a harkar cinikin bayi da kuma mulkin mallaka za su biya diyya.

Farfesa Kamilu Fagge na Jami’ar Bayero da ke Kano ya yi imanin cewar ko da yake ya cancanta a nemi biyan diyyar, zai yi wuya Yammacin Duniya su biya cikin ruwan sanyi.

Sama da 'yan Afirka miliyan 12 ne aka kai Turai da Amurka kuma an daure da yawa daga cikinsu da karfe a lokacin cinikin bayi. Hoto: AP

"Abu ne da ya dace a shari’ance domin idan muna magana kan shari’a, muna magana ne kan abubuwa uku. Manufar doka ta farko ita ce hukunta duk wani mai laifi," kamar yadda ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.

"Manufa ta biyu ita ce diyyar zaluncin da aka yi wa wanda aka yi wa laifi. Ta uku ita ce ta zama izina ga masu son aikata irin laifin."

Fagge bai yarda da ra’ayin wadanda suke ganin ya kamata a mance da abubuwan da suka faru a baya ba.

"Idan ma ba mu sami diyyar kudi ko ta kaya ba game da cutar da aka mana a baya, akalla neman diyyar zai iya bai wa Afirka damar rufe babin neman diyya tare da samun abin neman tagomashi a harkokin duniya."

Amma ga mutane irin su Sima da Peter, diyya ba maganin ciwon da zaluncin mulkin mallaka da cinikin bayi suka janyo ba ne kawai, amma hanya ce wadda za ta rage matsalolin da al’umominsu ke fuskanta a halin yanzu.

TRT Afrika