Daga Ishaq Khalid
Wani abu da ya fito fili shi ne yaddda amfani da na’urar POS wajen hada-hadar kudi ke karuwa cikin hanzari.
Sana’ar ta POS, harka ce mai romo da ke jawo hankalin mutane da dama musamman matasa, kuma a duk shekara akan yi hada-hada ta tiriliyoyin Naira a na’urorin POS a fadin kasar mai yawan mutane kimanin muliyan 200.
An dai kirkiri na’urar ta tafi-da-gidanka ne domin saukaka cinikayya a manyan shaguna ko kantuna. To amma Nijeriya, amfaninta ya fi gaban nan, domin ta zama wata harkar banki mai zaman kanta.
A halin yanzu tana samar da ayyukan yi da dimbin mutane, tana taimaka wajen bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasa kuma tana saukaka harkokin hada-hadar kudi.
Hassan Abdullahi, wani matashi mai shagon POS a kauyen kafin-Tafawa da ke jihar Bauchi a arewacin Nijeriya na daya daga cikin masu wannan sana’a gadan-gadan.
Na tarar da shi zaune cikin shagonsa mai fentin rawaya, yana taimaka wa mutane wajen aikewa da kudi banki ko kuma cire masu kudin ta na’urar ko kuma biyan kudaden wutar lantarki ko kuma na telibijin. Shi kuma yakan karbi ladansa a wajensu.
A kauyen su Abdullahi babu banki, kuma babu na’urar banki ta ATM da mutane za su yi hada-hadar kudi da su – kuma haka lamarin yake a dubban kauyuka a fadin Nijeriya.
Don haka zabin da ya rage wa muatnen kauyen da masu ziyara, shi ne amfani da POS.
Abdullahi, mai shekara 30, ya shaida wa TRT Hausa cewa ya fara sana’ar ce bayan da ya lura ana matukar bukatar ayyukan POS, kuma da ma shi bai da aikin yi. ‘Yar-uwarsa ce ta ba shi jari ya soma harkar.
Yanzu yana samun kamar naira 50,000 zuwa 60,000 a duk wata – adadin da ya kai kamar ninki biyu na mafi karancin albashin ma’aikacin gwamnati a kasar.
Ya ce ‘’wannan kudin na taimaka mani sosai wajen biyan bukatun yau da kullum na iyalina.’’
Abdullahi yana farin ciki da nasarar da ya samu kawo yanzu, yana kuma fatan nan gaba kadan zai shiga jami’a don yin karatun digiri yayin da yake ci gaba da sana’ar, kasancewar a baya bai samu damar shiga jami’a ba bayan da ya kammala sakandare, saboda rashin kudi.
Ko da yake yana samun riba, to amma Abdullahi ya ce a bangare guda yana alfahari da cewa aikin da ya ke yi tamkar taimaka wa jama’ar kauyensu ne domin a cewarsa ‘’idan babu POS mutane za su rasa yadda za su yi kuma za su shiga kunci.’’
‘POS ya ceci ran yarona’
A shagon Abdullahi da ke kauyen Kafin-Tafawa, na yi kicibis da Hassan Hamidu. Ya je wurin ne domin cirar kudinsa, ya saya wa iyalansa mutum 15 abinci – kuma ya yi nasarar cirar kudin cikin mintuna kalilan.
Ya shaida mani cewa yawan zuwa shagon POS domin hada-hada.
Saboda taimakon da POS ta yi masa, ya bayyana ta a matsayin ‘’maceciya.’’
Ma’aikaacin gwamnatin mai shekara 50, ya tuna wata rana da maraice ya cire kudinsa ba tare da bata lokaci ba, domin kai ‘dansa asibiti.
Ya ce ‘’yanayi ne na gaggawa, amma kuma ba ni da kudi a hannuna.’’ To amma nan da nan sai Hamidu ya tsallaka titi daga gidansa, ya shiga shagon POS, ya ciro kudinsa cikin mintuna kalilan, kuma ya kai dansa asibiti inda aka yi masa jinya.
Ya ce da tilas sai ya tafi banki, to da zai kawshe awa daya da rabi zuwa awa biyu daga kauyensu kafin ya je ya samo kudin, kuma wata kila da ‘da nasa ya galabaita sosai.
Ba Hassan Hamidu kadai ke fuskantar irin wannan yanayi ba. Miliyoyin ‘yan Nijeriya da masu kananan sana’o’i a yankunan karkara – har ma da manyan birane irinsu Abuja da Legas da Kano, yanzu sun dogara ne a ne kan POS wajen harkokinsu na kudi saboda sauki da hanzari.
Mene ne sirrin bunkasar harkar POS a Nijeriya?
Hassan Abdullahi daya ne tak daga cikin mutane kimanin 1,400,000 da suka samun aikin yi ta hanyar sana’ar POS a Nijeriya, kasar da ke dimbin jama’a ke fama da talauci da matsalar rashin aikin yi.
Galibin kananan ‘yan kasuwa da masu karamin karfi da kuma wadanda ba su da asusun banki ne ke hada-hadar kudi ta POS a Nijeriya.
To amma adadin kudin da ake hada-hadarsu na da matukar yawa da ban mamaki – kuma adadin a kullum sai karuwa yake yi.
Alkaluma daga Babban Bankin Nijeriya, CBN, na nuni da cewa a 2021, an yi hada-hadar kudi Naira tirliyan shida da biliyan dari hudu ta na’urorin POS a kasar.
Wannan na nufin an samu karin 36 cikin 100 a kan adadin hada-hadar 2020, kuma adadin ya kai kamar kashi 47 cikin 100 na illahirin kasafin kudin Nijeriya na shekara ta 2021.
Ana ma sa ran adadin 2022 zai dara wannan sosai, domin zuwa watan Satumba kawai, an yi hada-hadar sama da naira tiriliyan shida.
Tun daga 2012, Babban Bankin Nijeriya ya bullo da tsarin takaita adadin tsabar kudi a hannun jama’a da kuma karfafa amfani da na’ura da kuma intanit wajen hada-hadar kudi.
Wannan ya taimaka wajen bunkasar sana’ar POS cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata.
Shi kansa bankin ya shaida irin gagarumar gudummowar da cibiyoyin POS ke bayarwa wajen bunkasar arziki da kuma isar da ayyukan harkokin banki ga dimbin ‘yan kasar wadanda ba su ma da asusai a bankuna musamman mazauna karkara.
A cewar Malam Isa Abdullahi, wani masanin tattalin arziki, kawo harkar POS ‘’na daya daga cikin abubuawa mafi alheri da aka yi a harkar tattalin arziki’’ a Nijeriya cikin ‘yan shekarun nan.
Galibi saboda ‘’yadda harkar ke bai wa dimbin matasa damar samun aikin yi musamman wadanda ba su yi karatu mai zurfi ba.’’
Ya kuma ce na’urorin POS ‘’sun saukaka’’ hada-hadar kudi kuma farin jininsu na karuwa ne saboda ‘’suna kofar gidanka.’’
Malam Isa Abdullahi, wanda babban malami ne a Sashen Nazarin Tattalin Arziki da Raya Kasa a Jami’ar Tarayya da ke Kashere a jihar Gombe, ya ce cibiyoyin POS ‘’na da saukin sha’ani’’ kuma ‘’ba sa bata lokaci.’’
Ya ce muhimmancin POS ya kara fitowa fili ne saboda babu bankuna a galibin yankunan karkara, ko hatta a birane inda ake da bankuna, mutane kan shafe sa’o’i da dama a bankunan ko a layin na’urorin hadahadar kudi na ATM.
Ko da yake Nijeriya kasa ce da tattalin arzikinta ya dogara kusan kacokam a kan man fetur, harkokin POS yanzu sun nuna cewa lallai ‘’akwai babbar dama a fannonin da ba na man fetur ba’’ kuma suna ‘’kara shigar da mutane a harkar banki da hadahadar kudi.’’
Shi ma Shugaban Kungiyar Masu Hadahadar Kudi ta Tafi-da-Gidanka ta Nijeriya, Victor Ojolo, yana da irin wannan ra’ayi, ya shaida wa TRT Hausa cewa gudummowarsu ga tattalin arziki ‘’gagaruma’’ ce.
A cewarsa, harkar POS na samar da dimbin ayyukan yi, ba ga masu harkar kai tsaye kadai ba, har ma da masu wasu harkokin da ke da nasaba da su kamar kamfanonin dake yin takardun da ake yin rasidi da su.
Wannan na da matukar muhimmanci wajen magance matsalar rashin aikin yi a Nijeriya wanda adadinsa ya kai kashi 33 cikin dari a 2021.
Mr Olojo ya ce cibiyoyin POS na tallafa wa ayyukan bankuna da kuma saukaka su domin ba dole sai mutane sun shiga bankuna za su yi hadahadar kudi ba, musamman na kananan kudade.
‘’Harkar POS ta kawo juyin-juya-hali a ayyukan banki a Nijeriya’’, inji shi. Ya kara da cewa yanzu POS ta kutsa lunguna da sako-sako ‘’yadda bankuna ba su taba tunani ba’’
Kalubalen dake cikin harkar POS.
Duk da dimbin alfanu da ke tattare da harkar POS da kuma yadda ta ke bunkasa cikin hanzari a Nijeriya, da ma gudummkowarta ga tattalin arzikin kasa, harkar na fuskantar kalubale dake kawo wa masu sana’ar da kuma abokan huldarsu cikas.
Rai kan baci, idan aka cire kudi a asusun mutum, amma kuma wanda ya yi niyyar aika masa bai gani ba.
Masana na dora laifin wannan matsala a kan matsalar intanit ko sadarwa tsakanin bankuna.
Masu sana’ar POS da abokan huldarsu sun sha kokawa kan yadda akan samu jinkiri matuka wajen warware irin wannan matsala inda wasu kan kwashe makwanni kafin a dawo masu da kudinsu.
Lamarin kan kara jefa mai karamin karfi cikin damuwa.
Shugaban Kungiyar Masu Hadahadar Kudi ta Tafi-da-Gidanka ta Nijeriya, Victor Ojolo, ya ce wata matsalar kuma ita ce yadda hukumomin gwamnati a wasu jihohi kan karbi haraji iri-iri daga wajensu, abin da ya ce na shafar ribarsu.
Ya rokon a samar da fayyataccen tsari na gudanar da harkokinsu da kuma biyan haraji. Mista Ojolo ya ce suna aiki kafa-da-kafada da mahukunta domin magance wadannan matsaloli.
Shi kuwa masanin tattalin arziki, Isa Abdullahi, ya ce domin samun cikakkiyar moriyar harkar POS da kuma tangardar na’ura wajen hada-hada, wajibi ne a karfafa tsarin fasahar sadarwa da intanit.
Ya kara da cewa su kuma masu zuwa POS domin harkokinsu na kudi, sai sun yi hattara wajen boye lambobinsu na sirri na katin banki wato PIN domin ka da mazambata su yashe masu asusun banki.
Yayin da ake gudanar da manyan sauye-sauye a fannin harkokin banki na Nijeriya, kuma CBN ya himmatu wajen takaita tsabar kudi a hannun jama’a, shugaban masu hada-hadar kudi ta tafi-da-gidanka Mista Ojolo, ya ce harkar POS da sauran harkokin kudi na tafi-da-gidanka su ne ‘’tabbas makomar harkokin banki’’ a kasar.
