Mark Twain ya ce Ubangiji ya samar da yaƙi ne domin Amurkawa su koyi sanin ilimin yanayin ƙasa.
A ci gaban da duniya ta samu a ƙarni na 21, darussan labarin ƙasa sun sami sabbin ɗalibai a wasu nahiyoyin: tasirin yaƙin Isra'ila a Gaza sun haifar da koma baya ga kasuwancin kasashe masu iyakokin ƙasa da kuma kan masu amfani.
A wani bincike da aka gudanar a ranar Litinin da ta wuce kan harkokin kasuwanci sama da 1,000 na Birtaniyya ya nuna kashi 55 cikin 100 na masu fitar da kayayyaki daga Birtaniya na fuskantar karin farashi da tsaikon samar da kayayyaki saboda hare-haren Houthi da ke haddasa cikas ga jigilar kayayyaki a Tekun Maliya.
A halin da ake ciki, masu fitar da kayayyaki daga kasashen Kudancin Asiya sun ce a wasu lokutan kudin dakon kaya kan haura sama da kashi 400 cikin 100 ko a takaita hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki ko kuma a dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa a cikin tekun Bahar Rum.
Mashigar ruwan Bahar Maliya wacce ta raba Asiya da Afirka babbar hanya ce da ke kula da kashi 22 cikin 100 na jiragen ruwa da ke jigilar kayayyaki a duniya.
Tekun ya hada Suez Canal da ke yankin arewa da Bab el Mandeb Strait a kudu, ya kuma raba nisan da ke tsakanin Asiya da Turai.
Jiragen ruwa suna tafiya tsakanin nahiyoyin biyu ba tare da zagayawa zuwa daukacin nahiyar Afirka ba, wanda hakan zai rage yawan man fetur da za a yi amfani da shi da kuma lokaci.
Ayyukan kasuwanci sun fuskanci babban tsaiko bayan mamayar Isra'ila a Gaza a lokacin da kungiyar Houthi wadda ke da iko da tashar jiragen ruwan yammacin Yaman tun daga shekara ta 2014 ta fara kai farmaki kan jiragen ruwan 'yan kasuwa da ke ratsa tekun Bahar Maliya.
Wuraren da suka ayyana kai hare-hare sun hada da dukkan jiragen ruwa na Isra'ila da kuma kasashen da ke mara mata baya a yakin da take yi da Gaza.
Bayan waɗannan hare-hare, dakarun Amurka da na Birtaniya sun yi ta kai hare-hare ta sama domin kawar da barazanar ƴan Houthi kan zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa.
Sakamakon haka ya haifar da faɗuwar kasuwancin tsakanin nahiyoyi wanda a cewar Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF), ya kara hauhawar farashin wasu kayayyaki a shekarar 2024.
''Kudin dakon kwantanan kayayyaki daga Karachi zuwa Turai ya tashi daga dala 700 zuwa dala 3,600. Yana kashe kasuwancinmu," in ji Haseeb Ali Khan, babban mataimakin shugaban kungiyar masu fitar da shinkafa ta Pakistan (REAP).
Pakistan ita ce kasa ta 11 a duniya wajen noman shinkafa, kayayyakin da ta ke fitarwa ya kai kashi takwas cikin dari na cinikin shinkafa a duniya, a cewar REAP.
Khan ya shaida wa TRT World cewa lokacin jigilar shinkafar Pakistan zuwa tekun Turai ya kan kai tsakanin kwanaki 18 zuwa 25 kafin rikicin Bahar Maliya ya yi kamari.
"Amma a yanzu an tsawaita lokacin zuwa kwanaki 50 saboda jiragen ruwa suna tafiya mafi tsayi a Afirka," in ji shi.
Ana karkatar da manyan hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki kamar Maersk da Hapag-Lloyd da dukkan jiragen ruwansu da ke kan Bahar Maliya zuwa kudu - kusa da Cape of Good Hope a kudancin Afirka - don "makoma mai yiwuwa".
A cewar PortWatch, wani shafi da IMF ya kafa domin sa ido da kuma daidaita rugujewar kasuwanci, tattalin arzikin kasashen da suka fi fuskantar yanayin su ne na yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Turai da Asiya da kuma Afirka.
Hanyar kasuwancin Bahar Maliya tana da mahimmanci musamman wajen fitar da mai daga Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Turai da kuma daga Rasha zuwa Asiya, in ji shafin.
Bayanan lokaci zuwa lokaci daga shafin IMF suna samar da bayanai kan yawan raguwar zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa a kan hanyar kasuwanci na Bahar Maliya.
Kwanaki bakwai na baya-bayan nan na zirga-zirgar jigilar kayayyaki a hanyar Bab el Mandeb, wanda ke kusa da wurin da aka kai harin baya-bayan nan a Tekun Maliya, ya ragu zuwa jirage 31 daga kashi 60 cikin 100 idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata lokacin da jiragen ruwa 72 ke wucewa ta wannan hanyar shingen binciken kowace rana.
A cewar UNCTAD, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta MDD wacce manufarta shi ne inganta muradun kasashe masu tasowa a harkokin kasuwancin duniya, tun daga 15 ga watan Fabrairu zuwa karshen shekarar 2023 aka karkata hanyar jiragen jigilar kayyaki 586 yayin da tankunan da ke tsallakawa ta mashigin Suez ya ragu da kashi 82 cikin 100.
Yawan amfani da man fetur
Sabbin sauye-sauyen da ake samu a zirga-zirgar kayayyaki na mayar da hannun agogo baya ga nasarorin da aka samu ta hanyar tafiyar hawainiya, aikin da ke rage saurin jiragen ruwa don ya iya daukar hayakin CO2.
Hakan ya kan rage saurin babban jirgi da kashi 10 cikin 100 tare da rage hayakin da ke fita da kashi 27 cikin 100.
Duk da cewa, karkata yawan zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa tsakanin Asiya da Turai kusa da kudancin Afirka yana nufin kara matsakaicin saurin jirgin zuwa wuri mai nisa.
Bincike ya nuna cewa jiragen ruwa suna amfani da karin mai na kashi 2.2 cikin ɗari don su iya kaiwa ga karin kaso ɗaya cikin sauri na jigilarsu, A sakamakon haka, farashin kaya ya ke ƙaruwa akai-akai.
Bisa ga bayanan kididdigar da Drewry's World Container Index ya fitar da ke auna matsakaita farashin jigilar kaya kan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, farashin da ake caji na mako-mako kan hanyar Shanghai-Rotterdam ya karu da kashi 158 daga bara zuwa dala 4,221 kan ko wane kwantena mai girman kafa 40 a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu.
Rajesh Jain, wanda ke aiki a matsayin dan kasuwa daga Indiya a kafar kasuwancin Amurka na Westplains Agro Commodities, ya shaida wa TRT World yadda hauhawar farashin kaya ya kasance a tsakanin kashi 70 zuwa kashi 80 cikin 100 kan kowace kwantena.
Zai kara habaka hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a kasuwannin duniya yayin da ake sa ran karuwar farashin manyan kayayyakin amfanin gona zai kai tsakanin dala 30 zuwa 35 kan kowace tan, in ji Jain.
IMF ya yi hasashen za a ci gaba da kai hare-hare a Tekun Bahar Maliya da kuma yakin da ake ci gaba da yi a Ukraine na haifar da "mummunan tsaiko da tashin hankali" ga farfadowar duniya, tare da karuwar farsashin abinci da makamashi, da kuma farashin sufuri.
