Duk da kasancewar a bana duniyar ta fuskanci kalubale da dama da suka hada da yake-yake da sauransu, a daya gefen kuma an samu nasarori da ci gaba da suke nuna akwai haske a gaba.
Masana a bangaren kimiyya da kiwon lafiya sun samu nasarori da dama wajen inganta rayuwar al’umma, sannan shugabannin duniya sun shiga yarjejeniya da dama domin inganta yanayin muhalli da halittun da suke rayuwa a cikinsa.
Ga wasu labarai guda 10 masu dadi na abubuwan da suka auku a shekarar ta 2023 domin taimakawa wajen yin ban-kwana da shekarar cikin farin ciki.
Samun maganin cutar mantuwa
A watan Yuli, aka bude sabon babi wajen maganin cutar Alzheimers bayan Hukumar Kula da Ingancin Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka ta amince da wani sabon magani domin magance cutar - Maganin da ake kira lecanemab, kuma kamfanin Japan mai suna Eisai ya fara kasuwancinsa da sunan Leqembi. Ita ma kasar Japan bayan wasu watanni, sai ta amince da maganin a ranar 25 ga Satumba.
Maganin Lecanemab ba ya kawar da Alzheimers baki daya, amma yana rage zafafar cutar; duk da cewa radadin cutar zai ragu sosai, yanayin lalacewar kaifin tunanin mai cutar zai ragu, wanda hakan ke sa masu shan maganin su samu karin lokacin cigaba da rayuwa cikin ’yan uwa da abokan arzikinsu cikin walwala.
Da sannu sai cutar da raguwa, wanda hakan ya sa aka yaba sosai da amincewa da maganini, daga cikin masu yabawar har da kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya masu zaman kansu kamar Kungiyar Alzheimers.
“Maganin, duk da cewa ba ya kawar da cutar baki daya, yana ba masu fama da cutar karin lokacin cigaba da rayuwarsu mai kyau cikin walwala,” inji Shugaban Kungiyar Alzheimers, Joanne Pike DrPH.
“A daidai lokacin da muke cigaba da bincike da gwaje-gwajen neman sabon magani, masu fama da cutar sun cancanci akalla su samu damar tattaunawa da likitocinsu su bayyana musu ko maganin da FDA ta amince das hi yana musu aiki.”
Nasarar asusun kula da illion sauyin yanayi
An amince da assasa asusun na kula da illolin sauyin yanayi ne domin taimakon yankuna da kasashe masu tasowa da suke fama da illolin sauyin yanayi, a taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na bana da ake kira COP28.
Kafar Reuters ta ruwaito cewa Shugaban COP28, Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber yana cewa assasa asusun, “Ya nuna tsari mai kyau da duniya ta dauka, sannan yana taimaka wa aikinmu a nan Dubai.”
Mai masaukin baki, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta yi alkawarin gudunmuwar dala miliyan 100, ita Jamus hakan ta yi, sannan Italiya da Faransa suka yin alkawarin sama da dala miliyan 108.
Birtaniya ta yi alkawarin akalla dala miliyan 51 kamar yadda Reuters ta bayyana. Amurka da China duk da kasancewarsu kasashen da suka fi fitar da abubuwan da suke gurbata muhallin, su ne baya wajen ba da gudunmawar, inda Amurka ta ba da dala miliyan 17.5, ita kuma China ta ba da dala miliyan 10.
“Yadda duniyar ta hade cikin sauri domin kafa wannan asusun a cikin shekara daya bayan amincewa a Sharm El Sheikh abin mamaki ne,” in ji Al Jaber.
Killace nau'in kifin Whale
A kasar Dominica ta yankin Carribean, a watan Nuwamba aka bayyana cewa za a bude wani yanki a tekun kasar domin killace na’uin kifin giwar ruwa da ake kira Sperm Whale, wanda shi ne killataccen yankin halittun ruwa na farko da aka samar domin kiwon halittun, wadanda suke cikin halittu mafi girma a duniya, kuma suke cikin dabbobin da suke neman bacewa.
An killace kusan fadin murabba’i 800 na teku a Yammacin kasar domin kiwo da ciyar da su, sannan kuma gwamnatin ta fara shirin yin dokar kula da yankin.
Firayi Ministan Dominica, Roosevelt Skerrit ya ce na’uin kifin na giwar ruwan kusan 200 sun zama “’Yan kasa ne masu muhimmanci.”, sannan ya kara da cewa, “Akwai yiwuwar iyaye da kakanninsu sun riga mutane zuwa kasar Dominica.
Muna so mu tabbatar wadannan halittun ruwan masu muhimmanci sun tsira daga cutarwa, sannan su taimaka wajen zaunar da tekunanmu da muhalli lafiya. Muna alfaharin kasancewar Dominica ce kasar farko da ta killace waje na musamman domin kifin a duniya,” in ji shi.
Nasarorin ba-zata a Gasar Oscar
A ranar 13 ga Maris ta bana, Michelle Yeoh ta kafa tarihin lashe kambun Gwarzuwar Jaruma a Gasar Oscar karo na 95.
Jarumar ‘yar asalin kasar Malaysia ce jaruma ta farko daga yankin Asia da ta lashe kambun na babbar jaruma-kambun da ta lashe bayan rawar da ta taka a matsayin uwa fim din “Everything Everywhere All at Once”.
“Ga dukkan kananan yara mata da maza da suke kallona a daren nan, ina so wannan karramawar ta kara karfafa muku gwiwa.
Wannan alama ce da ke nuna cewa mafarki mutum yana iya zama gaske,” in ji Yeoh a jawabinta bayan karbar kambun, sannan ta kara da cewa, “sannan ina kira ga mata da kar ku bari wani ya fada muku cewa lokacin ku ya wuce.”
Kambun Mataimakin Jarumi kuma Ke Huy Quan, wanda suka fito a fim daya da Yeoh ne ya lashe, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama na biyu daga yankin Asia wajen lashe wannan kambun.
Rage yawan aiki domin walwalar ma’aikata
A wasu labaran da aka yi a game da samar da daidaito tsakanin rayuwa da aiki, kusan dukkan kamfanonin da suka gwada tsarin aikin kwana hudu a mako sun cigaba da gudanar da hakan bayan gwajin.
Sakamakon gwajin na aikin kwana hudu a mako, wanda aka yi a Birtaniya ya fito ne a Fabrairu, inda ya nuna gwajin wata shida na aikin kwana hudu a mako, kuma na sa’a 32 a mako ba tare da rage albashin ma’aikatan ba-an yi binciken ne tare da masu bincike daga Jami’ar Cambridge da Boston da taimakon masu bincike masu zaman kansu.
Masu son tsarin sun yaba da shi, sun yaba da gwajin na farko, inda suka bayyana cewa hakan zai taimaka wajen samar da daidaito tsakanin rayuwa da aiki ga ma’aikata a fadin duniya.
Kamfanoni 56 daga cikin 61 da suka yi gwajin a tsakanin watan Yuni da Disamban 2022 sun cigaba da tsarin, wasu guda 18 kuma suka mayar da tsarin na dindindin.
Gomman kasashe irin su Ireland da Spain da Afirka ta Kudu da Japan duk sun gwada tsarin aikin kwana hudu a mako, kuma sun samu sakamako mai kyau,
Adana na’uin barewa mai dogayen kaho
Hadakar masu kokarin adana halittun ta yi nasanar dawo da na’uin barewa mai dogayen kaho a Gandun Dajin Oudi Rime-Oudi Achim da kasar Chadi, wanda hakan ya sa Kungiyar Adana Halittu ta Duniya IUCN ta mayar da dabbar cikin wadda ke neman bacewa bayan a da an ayyana ta a cikin wadanda suka bace a 11 ga Disamba.
An samu wannan nasarar ce bayan gomman shekaru da Gwamnatin Chadi ta yi tare da hadin gwiwar Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Abu Dhabi, wato Sahara Conservation da Kungiyar Zoological Society da ke Landon, da sauransu.
A cewar IUCN, a da can akwai na’uin barewar sosai a yankin sahara na Afirka, amma a karshen shekarun 1990s, sai suka bace bat.
Rage sare itatuwa a Dajin Amazon
A kasar Brazil, kididdigar gwamnati ta nuna cewa an samu ragowar sare itatuwa a Gandun Dajin Amazon da kashi 33.6 daga Janairu zuwa Yuni kamar yadda rahoton Associated Press ya nuna.
Ragowar da aka samu-wanda ya zo daidai da wata shidan farko na Shugaban Kasa Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva- ta samu ne bayan shekara hudu ana fama da yawaitar sare itatuwa a kasar.
Dama Lula ya bayyana a lokacin yakin zabensa cewa zai magance sare itatuwa ba gaira ba dalili domin magance lalacewar muhalli da aka fuskanta a zamanin mulkin tsohon Shugaban Kasa Jair Bolsonaro.
A bara, kusan murabba’in kasa 4,0000 na dajin na Amazon ne ke fuskantar barazana a lokaci irin wannan, amma wata shidan farko na bana an samu sauyi, inda aka rage fadin kasar zuwa murabba’in kasa 2,650- sannan a watan Yunin, lokacin da sare itatuwa ke karuwa, sai aka samu ragowa bana.
Amazon, wanda yake daya daga cikin manyan dazukan duniya yana kunshe da na’ukan itatuwa, wanda hakan ya sa kokarin adanda shi yake da matukar muhimmanci wajen adana muhjalli da rage gurbacewar muhalli.
A farko-farkon shekarar nan, masana kimiyya sun bayyana wata babbar nasara da suka samu-cewa sinadarin ozone layer zai dawo sosai nan da shekara 40 idan aka cigaba da kula da dokokin muhalli musamman na rage sinadarai masu cutarwa kamar yadda wani bincike da aka yi karkashin kulawar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya nuna.
. Binciken na masana wanda ya nuna ragowar ta’ammuli da kusan kashi 99 na sinadaran da suke bata ozone din ya tabbatar da cewa tsarin kwamitin Montreal- Tsarin yarjejeniyar kasashen duniya na rage tuma’ammali da sinadarai masu cutarwa da aka yi a 16 ga Satumban 1987- yana aiki wajen adana ozone layer din.
Daga cikin amfanin ozone layer din akwai kare duniya daga wasu gurbatattun sinadarai da suke kwararowa duniya daga rana kamar yadda Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP) ya bayyana a 9 ga Janairu.
Babban Sakataren bangaren ozone na Hukumar UNEP Meg Seki ya ce, “Sinadaran ozone yana kan hanya, kamar yadda wani rahoto ya nuna, wannan labari ne mai dadi. Lallai tsarin nan na Montreal ya yi amfani matuka.”
Kare manyan tekunan duniya
Ba a taba samun lokacin da aka yi yarjejeniyar kula da manyan tekuna ba, amma a ranar 20 ga Satumna, kasashe 67 sun shiga yarjejeniyar kula da manyan tekuna wanda aka kira da yarjejeniyar Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ), domin kula da halittun ruwa a tekunan duniya, wanda hakan ya mayar da jimillar kasashen da suka shiga yarjejeniya zuwa 84.
Bayan kusan shekara 20 ana tattaunawa a tsakanin kasashen duniya-an samu matsaya ne a taron shugabannin kasashe da aka yi a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ranar 4a ga Maris, sannan aka amince da shi a ranar 9 ga Yunin-yarjejeniyar ta kafa tarihi na musamman.
Duk da cewa har yanzu babu kasar da ta dabbabka, ana sa ran bayan kwana 120 a kasashe akalla 60 cikin wadanda suka amince da tsarin za su dabbaka.
A watan Yuni, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Antoinio Guterres ya ce, “Da kokarin da kuke yi na yaki da abubuwan da ke barazana ga duniyarmu, kun nuna cewa duk abin da zai shafi duniyar nan, na bukatar hadin gwiwa wajen yaki da shi…sannan hakan na nuna cewa kasashen duniya za su iya hada kai waje daya domin cimma matsaya daya.”
Tseratar da mutanen da suke makale a rami
Bayan sun kwashe kwana 17 a makale a cikin wani rami a Jihar Uttarakhand, an samu damar ceto maginan, inda daya daga cikin su ya bayyana wa BBC cewa, “Muna ganin mun fado a cikin baraguzan gini, sai muka fara murna.”
“Sai suka fara tafi da murna, sai wadanda suka yi aikin ceton suka ce musu kar su damu,‘Za mu ciro ku dayan bayan daya,’”
Wannan ya sa karshen lamarin ya zama na farin ciki, musamman ganin yadda maginan suka fito suna farin ciki.
Masu ceton na Indiya wadanda an haramta ayyukansu, sun haka ramuka da hannu ne domin ceto ma’aikatan.
