Iqra Hasan speaks to her future constituents in May 2024 in Uttar Pradesh, India. Hasan is one of two Muslim women elected to India's federal government this year. Photo: Iqra Hasan on X

Daga Nilosree Biswas

A wannan shakarar a Indiya, zaɓe ya kasance hanya mai matuƙar muhimmanci ta yin la'akari da cewa ko sabuwar gwamnati za ta samu wakilci daga dukkan ɓangarorin al'umma. Sai dai kash, ba haka abin yake ba.

Indiya, ƙasa mai yawan al'umma har biliyan ɗaya da miliyan 400, ta shiga wani yanayi na sarƙaƙiyar siyasa a wata biyun da suka gabata. Mafi yawan kafafen watsa labarai sun yi (kuskuren) hasashen cewa da wahala Jam'iyyar BJP ta gaza kai labari.

Jam'iyyar ta gaza cimma burinta na samun kujeru 400 da ɗoriya, inda ta samu 240 kawai cikin 573, kuma ba ta samu rinjaye a karon farko a zaɓuka uku ba.

Zaɓen na bana ya kasance tamkar gwajin farko na ginshiƙan Indiya: wato daidaito da bambancin addini da rashin bin addini. Abubuwan da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Indiya ya saita a matsayin jigonsa.

The patriarchy

Sabuwar majalisar ministocin Firaminista Narendra Modi ta ƙunshi jumullar ministoci 72 - ƙananan ministoci 30 da manyan ministoci 36 da ministoci biyar masu cin gashin kansu.

Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa yawancin majalisar ministocin Modi sun ƙunshi zallar maza 'yan addinu Hindu. A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, Indiya ta ƙara zama wajen da maza suka kankane komai fiye da kowane lokaci, ko da yake gwamnatin da ke mulki, musamman Modi da kansa, ya kasance "mai goyon bayan" Nari Shakti ƙarfin ikon mata).

Amma kamar yadda wani karin magana ke cewa, "alamar ƙarfi tana ga mai ƙiba." Mata shida ne kawai a cikin majalisar zartarwar gwamnatin, kuma babu wakilai daga al'ummar Musulmai ko ɗaya. Sai dai kawai akwai wani ɗan takara Musulmi guda ɗaya na Jam'iyyar BJP daga yankin Malappuram na Kerala, M.Abdul Salam, wanda bai kai labari ba a zaɓen.

Sannan a ƙawancen National Democratic Alliance (NDA), wacce ita ce uwar jam'iyyun ƙawancen da BJP ta samar, babu wakilci daga Musulmai kwata-kwata balle ma a ce a cikin mata Musulmai.

Sai dai ba a gama cire rai ba.

Ƙalubalantar kuɗin-goro

Musulmai mata 'yan kaɗan ne suka samu nasarar lashe zaɓukan wasu kujeru a cikin gwamnatin Indiya a bana, ciki har da ƙwaya biyu da suke matakin tarayya. Daya daga cikinsu ita ce Iqra Hasan.

Iqra wacce take karatun digirin-digirgir a Jami'ar Nazarin Gabashin Duniya da Afirka ta (SOAS) da ke London, ta yi nasara da tazarar ƙuri'u 69,116. Ta doke abokin takararta na kusa, Pradeep Kumar na BJP, tare da wasu 'yan takara maza 12 da jam'iyyu daban-daban suka tsayar.

Iqra Musulma ce gaba da baya daga garin Kairana a Uttar Pradesh. Mahaifinta marigayi Chowdhury Munawar Hasan ya taɓa zama ɗan majalisar dokokin jiha da na tarayya, Sannan mahaifiyarta Begum Tabassum Hasan ta taɓa lashe zaɓen cike gurbi a 2009.

Iqra ta ce ta ji sha'awar shiga harkokin siyasa ne bayan da aka kama ɗan'uwanta Nahid a 2022 bayan da mata sharri, aka kuma tuhume ta ita da mahaifiyarta a ƙarƙashin dokar aikata munanan laifuka.

Ta samu nasara ne a daidai lokacin da aka gama yarda da ikirarin BJP da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu tsaurin ra'ayi da ke da'awar matan Musulmai ba su da ilimi kuma mazansu sun hana su rawar gaban hantsi.

Sai dai Iqra ba ta yarda da wannan kuɗin goron ba sam. Maimakon haka, ta kasance matashiya mai ilimi wadda ta shiga harkokin siyasa don kawo sauyi.

Daya mace Musulmar da ta yi nasara a zaben a matakin tarayya ita ce Sajda Ahmed daga Uluberia a Yammacin Bengal.

Baya ga waɗannan kuma akwai nasara mai ɗumbin tarihi ta Sofia Firdaus, wata 'yar takarar jam'iyyar National Congress daga mazaɓar Barabati-Cuttack a Odisha.

Firdaus ita ce mace Musulma ta farko da ta zama mamba a majalisar dokokin jiha tun bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1947.

Firdaus, wadda ke da digiri a fannin injiniya, ta tsaya takara a zaɓe bayan da aka tuhumi mahaifinta Mohammad Moquim da wani laifi, kwanaki kaɗan kafin zaɓe.

Da shiga siyasa a wani irin yanayi mai cike da sarkakiya, da kuma samun nasara, jami'an nan uku mata Musulmi ne da suka dage wajen nuna wa duniya cewa kallon da ake musu ba haka ba ne.

Labarinsu ya nuna yadda suka amince da kansu wajen fuskantar babbar jam'iyyar kasar. Haka kuma ana sa ran wannan nasarar da suka samu za ta taimaka wajen rage cin kashin da ake wa Musulmai a Indiya ko dai kai-tsaye ko ta bayan fage.

Haka kuma shigarsu gwamnati ta zo a daidai lokacin da ake bukatar hakan domin yaki da danniya, domin sakamakon zaben ya nuna cewa kawo sauyi zai yiwu.

Idan ba haka ba, ta yaya "Papu" (Sunan da ake amfani da shi a Indiya domin nuna kaskanci) zai zama an wayi gari shi ne jagoran 'yan adawa a Majalisar Indiya?

Tuna baya

Abin ban mamaki, a yayin da ake babban zaben kasar, Firaiminista Neranda Modi ya kwatanta mulkinsa da shugaban Indiya na farko, Jawaharlal Nehru, wanda shi kadai me firaiminista da ya yi mulki a kasar sau uku a jere.

Jagora a Jam'iyyar Congress, Rahul Gandhi, a wata ganawa da 'yan jarida a hedkwatar jam'iyyar da ke birnin New Delhi, Indiya a ranar 6 ga Yunin 2024. Hoto: Reuters

Haka kuma idan aka waiwayi baya za a ga yadda fitaccen dan siyasar da ya fi fice wajen shan kayi a tsakanin shekarar 1980 zuwa yanzu ya samu nasara - inda Rahul Gandhi wanda ya kasance dan gidan siyasa mai karfi, wanda kuma aka fi "suka" a siyasance- yanzu ya zama jagoran wadanda ake zalunta, kuma ya samu nasara.

A lokacin da ake fafutikar yakin zaben, Gandhi ya ja hankalin mutane ne ta hanyar yin watsi da siyasar bangaranci, musamman a jawabansa irin su "Nafrat ke bazaar mein Mohabbat ki dukan (shagon da ake sayar da kauna a kasuwar kiyayya)" da kuma jagorantar biyu daga cikin manya-manyan zanga-zangar da suka shafi kasashe- Bharat Jodo Yatra (Bharat Jodo na nufin – hada kan India) da kuma the Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra a tsakanin shekara biyu da suka gabata.

Nasarar wadannan zanga-zangar, wadanda suka samu yabo daga miliyoyin mutane daga kowane addini da kabila, an cire tsoro wajen aiwatar da su, wadanda kuma sun jawo hadin kai a tsakanin mutane.

A kasa da wata biyu bayan jagorantar zanga-zangar ne Gandhi ya zama jagoran 'yan adawa - matsayi wanda yake da matukar muhimmanci a dimokuradiyya.

A yanzu akwai Musulmi 'yan majalisa su 24, ciki har da Iqra Hasan da Sajda Ahmed Karin haske a kan wakilcin Musulmai.

A baya, Musulmi sun kasance cikin jigon siyasar kasar Indiya, duk da cewa Musulmin ba su samu wannan damar cikin sauki ba.

Samun nasarar shiga cikin wannan sabuwar gwamnatin ta Indiya ya biyo bayan shan fama da rabuwar kai da aka yi.

"Ana iya kwatanta irin damuwar da Musulmi suka shiga bayan rabuwar kai a kasar, da irin damuwar da suka shiga bayan rugujewar daular Mughal,” kamar yadda daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan jarida, dan siyasa kuma mai sharhi a kan al'amuran yau da kullum, Balraj Puri, ya rubuta.

"Sai dai a wancan lokacin, al'umma Musulmi suna rike da kimarsu, sannan abokan zamansu na mutanta su. Wannan ya faru ne kasancewar ana girmama Musulmi a matsayin jagoran yakin kwato 'yancin kasar na farko a shekarar 1857."

Wasu Musulmi a kan kabarin wani yaro dan shekara hudu da ya mutu saboda yunwa a lokacin da suke kokarin gudun hijira zuwa Pakistan biyo bayan rikicin Sikh bayan an hana tallafin Pakistan ya iso gare su a 1947. (Margaret Bourke-White/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images).

Puri a nan na nufin yarda da shugabancin Musulmi da kuma labarin Sarkin Mughal na karshe, Bahadur Shah Zafar a yakin farko na kwato 'yancin kai (1857) daga Turawan mulkin mallaka na Biryaniya.

A cikin shekara 10 da suka biyo baya ne aka samun rabuwar kai tsakanin Hindu da Musulmi da kuma Sikhs a daya bangaren. Bayan illar da hakan ta haifar, da zarar an fara maganar Indiya sabuwa, sai an kawo maganar makomar siyasar Musulmi a kasar.

Bayan gomman shekaru, sai suka sake komawa cikin rudu da rashin tabbas a cikin shekara goma da suka gabata lokacin da BJP ya samu nasara a zaben 2014, wanda ya canja yanayin siyasar kasar.

A cikin wannan shekara 10 din ne aka ware Musulmin kasar, da kuma kaddamar da ta'addanci a kansu. Sannan abin bakin cikin shi ne babu wani Musulmi jagora da zai iya fitar da su daga wannan kangin.

A lokacin farko da Musulmi suka shiga irin wannan kangin wahalar a shekarar 1947, suna da jagora Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.

A cewar Puri, Azad ya yi wani jawabi mai taba zuciya a taron Musulmi na Delhi da aka yi a ranar 4 ga Nuwamban 1947. A jawabin ne ya yi kira ga Musulmin Indiya da su yi, "rantsuwar cewa kasar Indiya tamu ce, mu 'yan kasa ne kuma babu wani matakin da zai shafi ci gabanta da zai yi tasiri ba tare da sa hannunmu ba."

Ya kara da cewa Musulunci bai yarda da kaskanci da tsoro ba.

Tun bayan wannan jawabin, sai kuma lokacin Nehru, wanda shi ma yana cikin wadanda suka samar da ci gaban Indiya. A zaben farko na kasar a 1952, 'yan majalisa Musulmi sun kai 25.

A cewar wani masanin tarihi mai suna Mushirul Hassan, Musulmi a kasar sun fi alaka da Jam'iyyar Congress, inda suka rika ba Nehru goyon baya lokacin da yake ofis.

Sannan Musulmi na jam'iyyar sun fi samun nasara a Jihar Uttar Pradesh.

A cikin gomman shekarun, Jam'iyyar ta ci gaba da tsayar da 'yan takara Musulmi. A shekarar 1980 ce aka samu Musulmi 'yan takara mafiya yawa, inda aka samu guda 49, wanda yake nuni da kashi 9, sai kuma shekarar 1984 da aka samu mutum 45. Tun daga shekarar ba a sake samun sama da 40 ba har zuwa yanzu.

Yanzu an sake samun koma-baya ne, inda Musulmi 'yan takara suke da kashi 4.42 kacal, sannan babu dan majalisa ko daya daga jam'iyyar hadakar NDA mai mulki.

Dukkan Musulmi 'yan majalisa da aka zaba guda 24 'yan Jam'iyyar adawa ce, inda ta Congress ke da 9, sai sauran kananan jam'iyyun. Sannan kuma kidayar 2011 da aka yi ta nuna Musulmi ne kashi 14 na al'ummar kasar Indiya.

Shirya fuskantar gaba

Duk da cewa har yanzu babu Musulmi a ministocin kasar, amma akwai alamar sauyi.A karon farko a cikin shekara 10, BJP ba ta lashe mafiya rinjayen kujeru ba a majalisa, wato kujera 272.

Sannan kuma, Jihar Uttar Pradesh, wadda ake wa kallon raba gardama ta fi mayar da hankali a kan abubuwan more rayuwa irin su yaki da talauci da samar da ayyukan yi da sauransu, inda ta yi watsi da bambancin addini.

Jami'an tsaro suna gadin majami'ar Ram bayan an mayar da ita wajen bauta a Ayodhya a Jihar Uttar Pradesh a 22 ga Janairun 2024 (AFP/Money Sharma).

Babu inda hakan ya fi fitowa karara kamar a mazabar Faizabad, wadda Jam'iyyar Samajwadi ta lashe.

Ga wadand ba su sani ba, Ayodhya, inda wajen bautar ke ciki, yana karkashin mazabar Faizabad ne. A wajen ne Modi ya kaddamar da wajen bautar Ram ga talakawan kasar a farkon wannan shekarar da muke ciki a kusa da Masallacin Babri.

Da da ake shirye-shiryen zaben, BJP ta dauki kaddamar da wajen bautar a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan nasarorinta.

Sai dai tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin kasar ya mata illa fiye da yadda ta so ta yi amfani da addini, wanda hakan ya kara nuna cewa komai na iya faruwa.

Don haka, shin za a iya cewa wakilcin Musulmi a majalisar kasar ya yi karanci sosai? Ina ganin ba za a ce haka idan aka yi la'akari da cewa akwai wakilai guda 24 kuma a karkashin jagorancin wanda ya nuna wa duniya cewa za a iya kawo sauyi duk rintsi duk wahala. Sai dai kawai a jira lokaci domin ganin yadda za ta kaya a gaba.

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