Daga Ihsan Faruk Kilavuz
Duk da nanata karyata batun kashe-kashen, da kuma kira da a zo a bincika kayayyakin tarihi domin gano hakikanin gaskiyar lamarin, har yanzu ana cigaba da farfagandar zargin Turkiyya da kisan kiyashin domin manufar siyasa da kuma shafa mata kashin kaji.
Wasu kungiyoyi ne suke taya Armenia bari ne daga yankin Arewacin Amurka da Turai wajen yada batun ta hanyar bayar da labarin bangaren Armenia din kawai ba tare da binciken hakikanin gaskiyar lamarin ba.
Maimakon neman gaskiya da neman jin ga bakin bangaren Turkiyya, sai suka saka siyasa a lamarin ta hanyar amfani da labarai marasa tushe da rashin la'aikari da doka.
Asalin lamarin
A karshen Karni na 19, a wani lokaci da aka yi tsananin zafi, kungiyoyi a Armenia sun shiga cikin wani yunkuri da aka yi na wargaza Daular Usmaniyya.
Lokacin da aka fara Yakin Duniya na daya, sai suka assasa wata kungiyar 'yan bindiga da ta dauki makami a kan mutanen daular.
Yadda suka hada kai da sojojin Rasha suka rika kai farmaki a kan Musulmai Turkawa ne ya sa Daular Usmaniyyar ta assasa dokar sauya matsuguni ta "Relocation and Resettlement Law" a ranar 27 ga Mayun shekarar 1915. Dokar ta tilasta sauya wa 'yan Armenia da suke Daular matsuguni domin tabbatar da tsaron mutanenta da yankinta.
Tun lokacin ne mutanen Armenia suke kallon dokar a matsayin yunkurin karar da su, wanda sun yi hakan ne domin samun gudunmuwa da goyon bayan kasashen duniya.
Ta hanyar amfani da tallafin kasashen Yamma, Armenia na cigaba da ayyana labarin na 1915 a matsayin kisan kiyashi, sannan mutanen suna matsa lamba a kan Turkiyya domin samun wata damar siyasa da samun tallafin kudade.
Babu dokar da take nuna haka
Zargin kisan kiyashi yana da nauyi sosai, wanda babban laifi ne a duniya, wanda akwai hukunci mai girma ga kasar da aka samu da wannan laifin a doka. Don haka, muhawara a kan kisan kiyashi tana bukatar fadada bincike da amfani da shari'a domin tabbatar da laifin mai laifi, ba wai amfani da siyasa da farfaganda ba.
Yadda ake kallon lamarin na 1915 a shari'ance da kuma lura da dokokin duniya, musamman idan aka yi la'aikari da Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kan Kariya da Hukuncin Laifukan Kisan kiyashi na 1948, za a samu fa'ida sosai wajen yaki da farfagandar da bata tarihi.
A taron na 1948, an bayyana kisan kiyashi da duk wani yunkurin karar da wata kasa ko kabila ko saboda bambancin launin fata ko bambancin addini, su duka ko sashensu ta hanyar kisa ko takura wa rayuwarsu ko hana su haihuwa ko safarar 'ya'yansu.
Babu nufin kisan kiyashi
Idan ana so a tabbatar da laifin kisan kiyashi, dole a tabbatar da manufar wanda ake zargi na nufin tarwatsa wata kasa ko kabila ko launin fata ko addini. A takaice, kawai yunkurin tasar mutane daga wani waje bai kai a kira shi da kisan kiyashi ba. Abin da ake bukata shi ne a tabbatar da manufar aikata laifin.
Idan aka yi nazarin abubuwan da suka faru a 1915 a cikin tsanaki ta hanyar la'akari da ma'anar kisan kiyashi (wato karar da al'umma) za a ga ko kadan abin da ya faru bai yi kusa da kisan kiyashi ba.
Bayan kafa dokar “Sauya matsuguni" an dauki matakai domin tabbatar da cewa mutanen Armenia din sun koma sababbin matsugunninsu ba tare da wata illa ba. Gwamnatin Daular Usmaniyyar ta yi duk mai yiwuwa domin ta tabbatar da tsaron fararen hula da kayayyakinsu, tare da taimaka musu wajen samun sabbin matsugunin cikin sauki.
Ko kadan babu wata alamar kyamatar mutanen Armenia a gwamnatance a Daular Usmaniyyar kamar yadda kiyayyar Yahudawa ta yadu a Jamus. An dauki mutanen Armenia da dama aiki a muhimman wurare a gwamnatin Turkiyya a gomman shekaru.
Bayan haka, ana daukar mutanen a matsayin "abokan amana" (millet-i sadika)" a cikin mulkin Daular mai kabilu da yawan gaske.
Don haka, sake musu matsuguni bai kamata ya zama kamar "hijirar yaki" ba tunda gwamnatin Daular ba ta kori mutanen Armenia ba, illa kawai ta sauya musu matsuguni ne zuwa wani wajen wanda shi ma a karkashin daular yake, musamman mayar da su Syria (wadda a wancan lokacin take karkashin daular) domin rage barnar da za a iya fuskanta sakamakon Yakin Duniya na Daya.
An yi tsari mai kyau na yadda za a kwashe su zuwa sabon matsugunin, sannan aka hada su da rakiyar sojoji domin tabbatar da tsaronsu duk da ana bukatar sojojin a fagen daga.
Idan batun shugabanni da aka samu da laifin nuna halin-ko-in-kula wajen aikin sauya matsugunin, wadanda kuma an yi bincike na musamman, sannan aka tuhumi wadanda aka samu da laifi. Sama da mutum 1000 ne suka fuskanci shari'a, aka yanke wa wasu hukuncin kisa wasu kuma hukuncin dauri saboda laifukan da suka aikata.
Da a ce gwamnatin daular na da boyayyiyar manufa ta "karar da" mutanen Armenia, da ba ta dauki wannan matakin ba, ballanatana ta hukunta jami'anta saboda aikata wani laifi.
Wata hujjar da take nuna babu wata manufar kisan kiyashi daga gwamnatin daular ta Usmaniyya ita ce kididdige mutanen Armenia din da aka sauya wa matsugunin. Sannan bayan yakin, gwamnati ta yi sabowar dokar cewa duk wani dan Armenia da yake son dawowa zai iya, sannan aka ce a dawo musu da kadarorinsu da suka bari.
Neman bata sunan Turkiyya
Haka kuma akwai wani muhimmin lamari na doka da ya kamata a yi la'aikari da shi. Dokar sauya matsuguni da abubuwan da suka faru a 1915 duk abubuwa ne da suka shafi tsohuwar Daular Usmaniyya.
Don haka, a ka'idar "sauya kasashen" kamar yadda dokar duniya ta tanada, ba daidai ba ne alakanta wadancan abubuwan da kasashen da suka fito daga Daular Usmaniyya, kamar Turkiyya.
Bugu da kari, yarjejeniyar Lousanne da aka yi a ranar 24 ga Yulin 1923 ta daddale batun na Armenia. Don haka, Turkiyya ba ta da wani abin cewa sama da abubuwan da suke kunshe a cikin yarjejeniyar a game da ayyukan zamani Mulkin Daular Usmaniyya.
Don haka, a ka'idar doka, dawo da batun laifukan da aka yi a baya da hukuncin da aka yanke ba daidai ba ne. Ke nan ba zai yiwu ba a yi amfani da tanade-tanaden Taron Kisan Kiyashin da ake magana a kan abubuwan da suka faru kafin a yi taron, a shekarar 1951 ba.
Don haka ba zai yiwu ba a kama kasar Turkiyya da laifin wancan abin da ya faru, ko kuma a tursasa wa Turkiyyar yanzu dabbaka bukatun Armenia.
A karshe, maganar kisan kiyashin da ake magana a Armenia dai babu kamshin gaskiya, kuma babu wata doka da za ta daura laifi a kan Turkiyya.
Kawai wannan batun na cikin farfaganda da ake yi ne domin bata sunan Turkiyya da kuma yunkurin fadada yankin kasa da wasu bukatun da ake so a kakaba wa Turkiyya.
Wadannan karairayin duk daga makiya Turkiyya suka fito, sannan mutanen wasu lokutan sukan samu goyon bayan wasu gwamnatoci domin tursasa wa Turkiyya ko kuma a shafa mata kashin kaji.
Marubucin, Ihsan Faruk Kilavuz, mai bincike ne a Cibiyar Bincike na TRT Word, wanda ya kware a fannin hakkin Dan Adam da dokoki da rikice-rikicen 'yan bindiga.
Togaciya: Ba dole ba ne ra'ayin marubucin ya yi daidai da ra'ayi ko ka'idojin aikin jarida na TRT Afrika.
