A shekarar 1966, wanda shi ne lokacin da yake tashe, lokacin da ya zama baƙar fata na farko a duniya da ya soma karɓar kyautar Nobel a kan adabi, marubucin na Nijeriya Wole Soyinka ya yi amfani da kalamai domin bayyana yadda duniyarmu ke tafiya
""Ba makawa kasashen Nordic da na Afirka, musamman ma wani bangare wanda ya kunshi ƙasar Yarabawa, sun hadu a Sweden. Haka kuma ni ne zan kasance wanda zai zama wakili game da wannan haɗuwa saboda abin da ya bani ƙwarin giwiwa wurin fasahata shi ne Ogun, ubangijin ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire, " kamar yadda Soyinka ya bayyana a jawabin da ya yi a lokacin karɓar wannan kyautar.
"Wannan abin bautar ya yi hasashen masanin kimiyyarku Alfred Nobel tun farkon lokaci wanda ya yi sharar fage tun zamanin baya ta hanyar rikici, inda ya buɗe hanya ga mabiyansa a duniya su haɗu da mu,"
Kamar yadda ya saba, Soyinka ya yi ƙoƙari ya haɗa tatsuniyoyi, ƙirƙira, da kuma abin da Alfred Nobel ya bari, yana mai jaddada yunƙurin kawo sauyi ga adabi da rawar da yake takawa wajen wargaza al'adu, tunani, da yanayin ƙasa.
Soyinka ya cika shekara 9- da haihuwa a ranar 13 ga watan Yuli, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama abin murna ba wai a gare shi ba, amma don a yi waiwaye kan abubuwan da ya yi a matsayinsa na ɗan Afirka kuma wata kadara mai muhimmanci ga duniya.
Abubuwan da aka shirya yi a Afirka da sauran wurare a ƙarshen mako sun haɗa da tace fina-finai na musamman dangane da rayuka da kuma ayyukan babban marubucin.
An haifi Akinwande Oluwole Soyinka a shekarar 1934 a garin Abeokuta da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, ayyukan Soyinka da fafutukarsa sun sha daukar hankali ga jama'a ba kawai a kasarsa Nijeriya ba har ma a duk fadin Afirka.
Bayan ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St Peter da ke Abeokuta, Soyinka ya halarci Kwalejin Gwamnati da Kwalejin Jami’ar Ibadan, wadda a lokacin ta ke da alaka da Jami’ar Landan, inda ya yi karatu a Leeds da ke Birtaniya inda ya yi digiri na biyu.
Ayyukansa sun bunƙasa a lokacin da ya ke Birtaniya, inda wasu daga cikin wasannin kwaikwayo da ya rubuta suka soma fice.
Wasu daga cikin littattafan da ya rubuta sun haɗa da The Swamp Dwellers, The Lion and the Jewel, Kongi's Harvest, Trials of Bothers Jero, Death and The Kings Horseman, Season of Anomy, The Interpreters, Ake: The Years of Childhood, The Man Died, and his memoir Ibadan: The Penkelemesi Years.
Kama shi da laifi
A lokacin da ya zama dan Afirka na farko da ya taba samun lambar yabo ta Nobel shekaru 38 da suka gabata, Soyinka ya halarci bikin baje kolin a cikin tufafin gargajiya na Najeriya. Batun ya wuce maganr wakiltar ƙasarsa.
Jawabin nasa ya yi ishara da munin mulkin mallaka da kuma yadda ake nuna wa bakar fata a zamanin mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudutsawon shekaru da dama.
Shigar Soyinka fagen siyasa ta jefa shi cikin matsala sau da dama.
A shekarar 1965, an kama Soyinka tare da tuhumarsa da laifin tilasta wa wani ma'aikacin rediyo ya kunna kaset da aka nada wanda ke dauke da zarge-zargen maguɗin zabe a maimakon jawabin da Firimiya na yankin yammacin Nijeriya na lokacin ya yi.
Soyinka ya kauce wa tuhumar bisa wasu dalilai na, amma wannan shi ne farkon takun saƙarsa da hukuma.
Ya ƙara shiga tarkonsu bayan shekara biyu a lokacin da a bisa sirri ya haɗu da gwamnan gabashin Nijeriya a Enugu domin daƙile yaƙin basasar ƙasar.
A wannan karon, an tsare shi tsawon watanni 22 kuma an hana shi samun littattafai da kayan rubutu a tsawon lokacin.
Bayan fitowarsa ne ya rubuta littafin The Man Died inda ya yi bayani kan zamansa gidan yari.
“Idan aka waiwaya, littafin The Man Died ya haskaka abin da ya banbanta duka wasan kwaikwayo da waƙoƙin Soyinka: imani da adalci da kuma kula da ɗabi'a ba abin zai iya kai shi ƙasa,” in ji wata ƙasida da Peter Thomas ya rubuta a mujallar Books Abroad a shekarar 1974.
"Tsawon lokaci bayan tarihi ya shuɗe da masu musguna masa, ayyukan da wannan mutumin ya yi za su ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin wata shaida ga rashin nasarar da suka kasa yi a kansa... A kalamansa da ya yi, ya zama 'anjonu' a gare su (ruhin) da ya fito daga kabari."
Tawaye tsawon lokaci
Soyinka ya fuskanci irin wannan ƙaddarar bayan an soke zaɓen 12 ga watan Yunin 1993. A wannan karon. ya tsere daga Nijeriya tare da wasu masu goyon bayan dimokuradiyya, daga ciki har da Bola Tinubu wanda a halin yanzu shi ne shugaban Nijeriya.
Kamar yadda Thomas ya rubuta shekaru biyar da suka gabata, har yanzu Soyinka ya na da amfani a duniyar adabi da kuma duniyar gaske. Matasan marubuta a Nijeriya suna kallonsa a matsayin wani haziki wanda hali da zurfin iliminsa ya wuce rubutu da siyasa.
“Akwai dalilin da ya sa Soyinka ya zama dan Nijeriya mafi shahara a duniya,” kamar yadda Abubakar Adam Ibrahim, wanda ya lashe kyautar adabi ta Najeriya a 2016 ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.
"Na haɗu da shi a Oktobar da ta gabata inda na tambaye shi yadda a wannan shekarun yake da ƙarfin muhawarar siyasa da kuma caccakarsa da ake yi a kafafen sada zumunta. Bai nuna alamun dakatawa ba. Dole ne mutum ya yi mamakin irin ƙarfin da yake sakawa a cikin ayyukansa," in ji shi.
Tunawa da gwarzon
Kola Tubosun, masanin ilimin harsuna kuma marubuci a Nijeriya, yana kallon Soyinka a matsayin mazan farko a harkar adabi a Nijeriya. "Don haka, idan muna la'akari da tasiri, kan yana daga cikin waɗanda suka soma wannan harkar, ya buɗe ƙofofi da dama ga 'yan Afirka masu fasaha," kamar yadda ya yi bayani.
Tubosun zai saki wani fim mai taken Ebrohimie Road domin murnar cikar Soyinka shekara 90 da haihuwa.
Haka kuma an shirya sakin wani fim mai suna The Man Died, wanda aka yi shi bisa rayuwar Soyinka a gidan yari, wanda Awam Amkpa ya shirya, wanda farfesa ne ta ɓangaren dirama, kuma ɗan wasa haka kuma darakta.
Adedotun Aremu Gbadebo III, wanda shi ne sarkin Alake na Egbaland ya ayyana 13 ga watan Yulin kowace shekara a matsayin ranar Soyinka a garinsu na Abeokuta. Haka kuma sarkin ya bayyana cewa akwai buƙatar gwamnatin tarayyar ƙasar ta ayyana hakan domin murna.
