Rayuwa, in ji masu iya magana, takan fara ne daga shekaru 40.
Kuma zuwa shekara 44, mutum ya riga ya soma tsufa, bisa ga wani sabon bincike da aka gudanar. Ko watakila daga shekara 60, idan ka yi sa'a.
Binciken na haɗin-gwiwa da wasu masana bincike daga Jami'ar Stanford da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Nanyang da ke Singapore suka gudanar, ya kalubalanci imanin da aka yi kan cewa tsufa na ɗan adam yana somawa ne a hankali.
Sabon binciken ya yi nuni kan cewa tsufa tana farawa ne farat ɗaya cikin lokuta biyu, daga shekaru 44 zuwa 60.
Ko da yake tsarin 'gerontology' - da ke nazari kan tsufa - ya samu ci gaba a 'yan shekarun nan a fannin kimiyya da fasaha, lamarin da a tsawon lokaci yake baiwa ɗan adam mamaki.
Masanin falsafa na Girka, Plato ya gaskata batun dake cewa tsufa tana ba da 'yanci daga sha'awoyi na ƙuruciyar duniya da abubuwan da ke raba hankali, yayin da Aristotle ''ya karkata kan kyamar tsufa da cewa raguwar ɗabi'a ta yanayin jiki da kuzari.''
Sabon binciken, wanda aka wallafa a mujallar 'Nature Aging', ya duba batun ne ta fuskar yanayi jiki, inda ya bi diddigin dubban daruruwan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin batutuwan da aka yi gwaji akan su —mutane 108 masu shekaru tsakanin 25 zuwa 75.
"Ba wai kawai muna canzawa ba ne a hankali cikin lokaci ... Tana soma wa ne daga tsakiyar shekaru 40, lokacin ne ake samun canji mai ban mamaki, kamar daga farkon shekara 60," Kamar yadda Farfesa Michael Snyder, babban marubuci a binciken kuma darektan Cibiyar Genomics da kuma Magagunguna a Jami'ar Stanford ya bayyana.
Ko da yake dai binciken, bai bayyana dalilan da suka sa shekaru 44 da 60 suke da iya ba da alamomi masu mahimmanci a cikin tsarin tsufa ba amma marubutan sun gudanar da ƙara fadada bincike don yin ƙarin haske ga nazarin na su.
Ɗaki-ɗakin canji
Binciken ya tabbatar da wasu binciken baya da ba su da alaka, wanda ya nuna cewa ɗan Adam ba ya tsufa a hankali.
''Ko da yake yawancin binciken sun yi nazari kan bambancin canje-canje da ake samu a lokutan tsufa, da ire-iren cututtuka da ke da alaka da tsufa da haɗarin mace-mace da aka iya samu a wasu takamaiman lokuta, tare da nuni kan mahimmancin nazarin sauye-sauyen kwayoyin halitta," a cewar mujallar da mawallafin bakwai suka rubuta.
"Bincike ya yi nuni kan wasu sauye-sauye na alamu a kwayoyin halitta na tsufa, tare da mahimman sauyi da ke faruwa a lokuta guda biyu muhimmai daga kusan shekaru 44 da 60 na rayuwa," in ji marubutan.
Baya ga shekaru 44 da 60, binciken haɗin gwiwar na Amurka da Singapore ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa sauran shekaru, kamar 55, suna da mahimmanci.
Malaman falsafa da dama da ke aiki akan tsarin kula da tsoffi suna kiran waɗannan alumu na canje "ɗaki-ɗakin sauyi " na tsufa idan sun kai shekaru 75.
Shawarwari ga marasa lafiya da likitoci
Sakamakon bincike na baya-bayan nan, tare da wasu daban da aka gudanar, na iya taimakawa marasa lafiya da likitoci don su iya kula da cututtuka daban-daban, la'akari da cewa mutane na iya zama masu rauni ga cututtuka daban-daban da kuma batutuwan kiwon lafiya idan suka kai wasu shekaru kamar 44, 55, 60 da 75.
Marubutan binciken "sun gano wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin gungu canje-canje waɗanda ke ba kara yawan haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka da dama" a lokacin shekarun da mutane ke girma da sauri fiye da sauran lokuta, a cewar binciken.
Masu bincike sun ba da shawarar cewa mutane 'yan shekaru 60 suna buƙatar shan ruwa mai yawa don kara aikin gabobin jikinsu, wanda musamman yake taimakawa aikin koda sosai, yana zama riga-kafi ga cututtuka da dama.
Binciken ya kara da cewa, ana gwada mutune a duk bayan kowanne watanni 3 zuwa 6 a yayin da suke da lafiya kuma daga mabanbantan jinsi da kabila.
Nazari game da shekaru 55!
Wasu binciken da aka gudanar a baya sun nuna cewa tsufar mace yana da alaƙa da lokacin daina ganin jinin al'adarta wato menopause, wanda yawanci yakan faru lokacin da mata suka kai shekaru 45 zuwa 55. Amma binciken da aka yi a California ya gano cewa wannan "abin mamakin" bai tsaya kan iya mata kawai ba har ma da maza.
"Wannan yana nuna cewa batun canjin yanayi da aka lura da shi a kusan shekaru 55 ba shi da wani alaka da daina ganin jinin al'ada na mata kawai amma, a maimakon haka, yana wakiltar wani tsari na tsufa na duka jinsin biyu,'' in ji takardar binciken.
"Sakamakon binciken ya yi daidai wanda aka gudanar a baya, yana mai kara goyon bayan ra'ayi cewa canjin yanayin babban siffa ce ta tsufar ɗan adama," in ji takardar.
