Daga Brian Okoth
A ranar Talata, 5 ga Nuwamba, Amurkawa za su zabi shugabansu na 47.
A fafatawar mai zafi, Mataimakiyar Shugaban Kasa Kamala Harris ta jam’iyyar Democratic za ta fafata da tsohon shugaban kasar Amurka Donald Trump.
Sauran ‘yan takarar uku su ne mai fafutukar siyasa dan shekaru 39 Chase Oliver na jam’iyyar LP mai neman ‘yanci da Jill Stein mai shekaru 71 daga jam’iyyar GP, da dan takara mai zaman kansa mai shekaru 71, Cornel West.
Amma Harris mai shekaru 60 da Trump mai shekaru 78 ne manyan ‘yan takara.
Zaɓen wuri
Kimanin Amurkawa miliyan 244 ne suka cancanci jefa kuri’a. Wata kuri’ar jin ra’ayin jama’a da jaridar New York Times ta gudanar a ranar 25 ga Oktoba ta nuna Harris da Trump na kai da kai da kashi 48 kowanne.
A Amurka, ana bayar sa damar fara jefa kuri’u da wuri ta hanyar mutum ya jefa sa kansa konta hanyar aika sako.
Tuni miliyoyin Amurkawa suka jefa kuri’a. Baya ga fadar shugaban kasa, zaben na 5 ga Nuwamba zai kuma cike gurbin kujeru 435 na majalisar wakilai da 34 daga cikin 100 na mjaliasar dattawa.
Bayanan manyan ‘yan takara
Harris da ke aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kasa tsawon shekaru hudu, tsohuwar sanata ce, tsohuwar kwamishinar shari’a ta California, kuma mai gabatar da kara a San Francisco.
Tana sa ran zama shugabar kasar Amurka ta farko mace. Tsohon shugaban kasa Trump na tsayawa takara a karo na uku a jere - inda ya yi nasara a 2016 tare da fadu wa a 2020.
Shi ne shugaban kasar Amurka na 45, dan kasuwa kuma tsohon mai gabatar da shirin talabijin.
Alkawarurrukan zabe
Amma, wadanne alkawarurruka manyan ‘yan takarar suka yi?
Shirin tattalin arziki na Harris ya hada da rage haraji, za ta magance matsalar farashin kakayyaki, samar da gidaje da za a iya mallaka cikin sauki, da kuma bashin haraji na yara.
Ta kuma nuna za ta ninka mafi karancin albashin ma’aikatan gwamnatin tarayya, wanda a yanzu yake dala 7.25 kowacce awa.
Trump ya yi alkawarin rage haraji, kara yawan kudaden shiga daga kayan da ake shiga da su Amurka daga kasashen waje, da kare inshorar ma’aikata. Ya kuma yi alkawarin adana ayyuka a Amurka ga ma’aikatan Amurka.
Kashi 4.1 na Amurkawa ne ba su da aikin yi, inda kusan mutane miliyan bakwai ba su da aiki.
Batun ‘yan gudun hijira
Trump kuma ya yi alkawarin abin da ya kira “Korar baki mafi girma a tarihin Amurka.” Harris a dayan bangaren, na goyon bayan daukar hayar dubunnan jami’an tsaron kan iyaka, idan aka samu kwararowar ‘yan gudun hijira.
Shugaba Joe Biden ya janye daga takarar shugaban kasar Amurka a ranar 21 ga watan Yuli bayan matsin lamba daga ‘yan jam’iyyar Democrats da magoya bayansa.
Da yake bayar da dalilan janyewa daga takarar, shugaba Trump a watan Agusta ya bayyana cewa yana tsoron kar takararsa ta janye hankulan ‘yan democrat, kuma babban burinsa shi ne a kayar da Trump a zaben.
Abu ne mai sauki kayar da Harris: Trump
Bayan sanar da janyewar sa, Biden ya nuna Kamala Harris, mataimakiyarsa din yin takara, Harris kuma ta amince da wannan nune.
Daga baya a watan Agusta jam’iyyar Democratic ta ayyana Harris a matsayin ‘yar takararta, inda za ta tunkari Trump a zanen watan Nuwamba.
Bayan an sanar da Harris a matsayin abokiyar takararsa, Trump ya ce Harris za ta yi “sauki” wajen kayarwa a zabe, kuma da hakan Biden za a yi wa.
Yawan jama’ar Amurka da jinsinsu
Idan aka kalli yawan jama’a, farar fata ne suka fi kowa yawa a Amurka, suna da yawan kashi 58; sai Hispanic ko Latino da kashi 19, sannan Amurkawa ‘yan asalin Afirka da ke da kashi 12.
Yanzu, ta yaya ake zabar shugaban kasar Amurka?
Amurka na da jihohi 50, da Washington babban birnin kasar.
Kowacce jiha na da wakilanta a Kwamitin Zabe, wadanda su ne suke zabar shugaban kasa.
Wakilan Masu Zabe
Ta yaya ake zabar masu zabar shugaban kasar?
Da farko, akwai kuri’un jama’ar kasa, wanda ke nufin kuri’un ‘yan kasa da suka jefa. Misali, idan dan takara ya samu mafi yawan kuri’un jama’a a jihar California, zai samu dukkan kuri’un Wakilan Masu Zabe daga jihar.
California na da Wakilan Masu Zabe 54. To haka ma idan mutum ya lashe kuri’u a Florida, zai samu kuri’u 30 na Wakilan Masu Zabe a jihar.
Adadi mai muhimmanci: 270
Sai dai kuma, jihohin Maine da Nebraska, na aika wakilai ta hanyar raba dai-dai.
Kowanne daga cikin jihohi 50 na da yawan wakilai duba da yawan kujerun jihar a majalisar dokoki ta kasa. Hakan na nufin wasu jihohin sun fi wasu yawan wakilai.
Washington DC, wadda ba ta da wakilci a majalisar dokoki, na da wakilai uku, wanda ya kawo yawan wakilan zuwa 538.
Dan takarar shugaban kasa na bukatar samun sama da rabin 538 - wato a kalla Wakilan Masu Zabe 270 - don yin nasara.
