Daga Mazhun Idris
A watan Afrilu na shekarar 1976, tsohuwar gwamnatin mulkin soja ta Nijeriya ta soke wata ziyarar da aka shirya Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka na wancan lokacin, Henry Kissinger zai kawo ƙasar, a wani ɓangare na "Balaguronsa a Afrika" mara farin jini, a watan Mayu na wannan shekarar.
Kusan watanni biyu kafin wannan lokacin, ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu, an kashe shugaban ƙasar mulkin soja, Murtala Ramat Muhammad, a wani abun da ƴan jarida da masharhanta a Nijeriya suka yi zargin cewa yunƙurin juyin mulki ne da Hukumar Leƙen Asiri ta Amurka ta kitsa.
Ɗaliban Nijeriya sun gudanar da zanga-zanga a ofisoshin jakadancin Amurka da Birtaniya a Lagos ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu,abin da ke nuna tsamin dangantakar ƙasar da Amurka da ta tiƙe da soke ziyarar da aka shirya Kissinger zai kawo.
Amma, yaya Kissinger, Wanda ya mutu yana da shekaru 100 da haihuwa a Connecticut ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamba ta wannan shekarar, ya tsinci kansa a matsayin mai baƙin jini a Afrika?
"A matsayinsa na sakataren harkokin waje na mulkin Richard Nixon da Gerald Ford, Kissinger ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita manufar Amurka a Afrika," a cewar Dr Tasi'u Magaji na Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa na Jami'ar Bayero ta Kano a Nijeriya.
Duniya gabaɗaya, har da Yammacin Duniya, bisa ga dukan alamu sun yi ittifaƙin cewa Kissinger ya bar abubuwan cece-ku-ce da tsoratarwa da suka shafe duk wani abu da ya cimma yayin da yake muƙamin Sakataren Harkokin Waje tsakanin 1973 da 1976, ƙarƙashin gwamnatocin Nixon da Ford.
A mafuskantar Afrika, tsohon Sakataren Harkokin Wajen ya siffanta da hanyoyi dayawa da Amurka ta nuna wa Afrika son kai - kama daga zamanin wariyar launin fata zuwa yaƙe yaƙen neman ƴancin kai a ƙasashen Kudancin Afrika.
Ɗabi'ar nuna fifiko
"Manufofin Kissinger sun bayar da gudummawa wajen take haƙƙin ɗan adam da rashin daidaiton siyasa a Afrika. Goyon bayan da ya bai wa gwamnatocin kama-karya irin su Idi Amin na Uganda da Jean-Bedel Bokassa na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya sun haifar da take haƙƙin bil adama da azabtarwa dayawan gaske," Dr Magaji wanda ke koyar da Nazarin Ƙasa da ƙasa ya gaya wa TRT Afrika.
Dangantaka tsakanin Afrika da Amurka ta yi tsami yayin da su biyun suke goyon bayan ɓangarorin masu hamayya da juna a yaƙin basasar Angola. Kassinger ya taɓa jan-kunnen ƙasar Cuba mai nuna kishin Afrika, game da aikewa da sojojinta su taimaka wa baƙaƙen fata masu gwagwarmayar neman ƴanci a Afrika.
Kamfanin dilllancin labarai na Associated Press ya rawaito shi a 1976 yana ce "Abu mafi damuwa ga fararen fata shi ne, akwai hasashen cewa makaman Soviet da dakarun Cuba a Angola wataƙila a yi amfani da su a Rhodesia su goyi bayan mayaƙa baƙaƙen fata a rikicin da zai iya yaɗuwa cikin ƙasashe ya game ɗaukacin yankin."
Bayan kisan Kiyashin Soweto na 1976, Kissinger ya ziyarci Afrika ta Kudu mai mulkin wariyar launin fata, abin da ya sa ya zama sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka na farko a shekara Talatin da ya yi hakan.
Ana ganin ziyarar ta Kissinger tana hana faruwar "yaƙin launin fata" da ke da yiwuwar afkuwa a Afrika ta Kudu ne, musamman a Rhodesia, da hadafi ɗaya tilo na kare fararen fata marasa rinjaye daga barazanar zubar da jini mai nasaba da launin fata.
Gado mai cike da tantama
Idan za a faɗa tare da kawaici, Kissinger mutum ne mai jawo cece-ku-ce. Domin aƙalla wani rahoton New York Times na ranar 7 ga watan Afrilu a shekarar 1976, ya yi nuni da cewa, ana yi wa Kassinger kallo mai goyon bayan manufofin Amurka masu fifita gwamnatocin fararen fata marasa rinjaye a Kudancin Afrika a kan ƙungiyoyin gwagwarmayar ƙwato ƴanci na baƙar fata.
"Abubuwan da ya bari a Afrika a cakuɗe suke da masu daɗi da marasa daɗi a kan nahiyar Afirka," inji Dr Magaji.
"Yayin da manufofinsa suka taimaka aka ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi da muhimman buƙatun Amurka, har ila yau, sun bayar da gudummawa wajen take yaƙin bil adama da rashin daidaiton siyasa."
Ɓoyayyen ƙudurin na Kissinger, ya bayyana ƙarara cewa, muradin Amurka a Afrika bai wuce na son kai, da nuna wariya kuma na wucin-gadi ne. Abun kirki, idan ma akwai shi, shi ne rawar da ya taka wajen ƙalla yarjeniyoyin zaman lafiya da, a wani janibin, suka taimaka aka samu kwanciyar hankali a wasu ƙasashen Afrika.
A cewar Dr Magaji, "Kessinger ya goyi bayan katse tasirin Soviet a Afrika, abin da ya haifar da bayar da tallafin soji ga ƙasashen Afrika masu goyon bayan Yammacin Duniya irin su Afrika ta Kudu da Zaire (yanzu Jamhuriyyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Congo)".
Masharhanta sun yi amannar cewa, abin da ya ceci Afrika daga mummunan tasirin manufofin Kissinger, shi ne ya zo ne daidai lokacin tsananin kishin Afrika, zamanin da ƙasashen Afrika ke ƙarƙashin mulkin shugabanni masu tsananin kishi da za iya taka masa birki.
Shugabanni da suka hau bayan mulkin mallaka kamar Julius Nyerere na Tanzania, da Kenneth Kaunda na Zambia da kuma Murtala Muhammad na Nijeriya mutane ne masu ɗaga murya kan ƙasashe ƴan ba-ruwanmu, waɗanda suka muhimmantar da goyon bayan samu ƴancin kai da dogaro da Kai a maimakon ƴancin tattalin arziƙi da samun ƙarfin-faɗa-a-ji a ƙasashen duniya.
A duk tsawon wannan lokacin na ziyarce ziyarcensa na diflomasiyya a ƙasashen Afrika, Kessinger ya tabbatar da cikkaken tasirin Amurka a kan nahiyar mai ɗimbin albarkatun ƙarƙashin ƙasa, musamman, sama da Tarayyar Soviet mai gogayyar neman ƙarfin-faɗa-a-ji.
Babu mamaki da Kessinger ya ƙagi lafazin nan na siyasa da ke cewa "Amurka ba ta da masoya da maƙiya na dindindin, sai dai muradai na dindindin".
Har ila yau, an rawaito yana cewa "Daulolin (ka ce Amurka) ba su da wata sha'awar gudanar da al'amuransu a wani tsari na ƙasa da ƙasa; su suna hanƙoron su zama tsarin na ƙasa da ƙasar ne kansa" - Jawabin da ya bayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya assasa yaƙin cacar baka.
Tasirin nuna wariya
An ce Kissinger ne ya lallami gwamnatin farar fata marasa rinjaye a tsohuwar Rhodesis (yanzu Zimbabwe) da kuma maƙwabtanta Afrika ta Kudu, da su miƙa mulki wa baƙaƙe masu rinjaye a Zimbabwe, yayin da kuma ya amince da mulkin wariyar launin fata a Afrika ta Kudu.
Sannan kuma, an soki lamirinsa da yin amfani da Afrika a tilasta wa baƙaƙen fata ƴan Afrika su goyi bayan Amurka a yaƙin cacar baka da take yi, da kuma kitsa makircin nemo hanyoyin da za su samar da mafita ga Turawa fararen fata marasa rinjaye na kudancin yankin.
A yawancin lokacin da ya kwashe a matsayin jami'in diflomasiyyar Amurka mafi girman matsayi da ƙarfin faɗa a ji, Kissinger ya yi watsi da Afrika har sai da rikicin launin fata a Rhodesian, da Angola, da Mozambique da kuma Afrika ta Kudu ya tilasta wa Amurka ta nuna kwatsam tana da wani muradi a nahiyar.
A ƙarƙashin manufar yaƙin cacar baka ta Amurka, Kissinger ya yi amfani da shiga tsakani diflomasiyya na Amurka a kan tashe tashen hankula bi da bi a Habasha, da Ghana, da Ivory Coast,da Zaire da kuma Zambia duk a ƙoƙarin neman hanyar gaggawa da za ta katse yiwuwar ƙawance da tsohuwar USSR da kuma Cubar Fidel Castró.
Ya bayyana na tsawon lokaci a cikin munanan manufofin Amurka da koma baya da suke da sakamako masu hatsari a Afrika. Wannan duk da nacewa da ya yi da kuma bayar da tabbacin cewa muradin Amurka a Afrika shi ne a ƙarfafa dimokuraɗiyya da cigaba.
A mace kamar a raye, Kissinger ya zamo wani mutum da ke kawo rarrabuwa kuma da shakku a ce mai kishin Afrika zai yaba abin da ya aikata a baya.
