Daga Firmain Eric Mbadinga
Kafin a samu ci gaba wajen samun jiragen sama na zamani su yi yawa a duniya, wanda hakan ya yi sanadiyar zafafa sauyin yanayi, da jiragen kasa na dauri masu amfani da gawayi ake amfani, inda akwai mai aikin kara gawayi a lokacin da jirgin ke tafiya yana kona shi domin samar da makamashin da jirgin yake bukata domin tafiya.
Maganar gaskiya ita ce, gawayi, wanda ya kasance daya daga cikin dadaddun makamashi a duniya, yana cikin manyan abubuwan da suke fitar sinadarin carbon dioxide, wanda shi ne kusan kashi 40 na abubuwan da suke jawo dumamar yanayi.
A dayan bangaren kuma, saukin samunsa da anfaninsa ya sa zai yi wahala a daina amfani da shi.
Koren gawayi, wani makamashi ne da ake amfani da shi a yunkurin da ake yi na kawo sauyi a bangaren yaki da sauyin yanayi a wasu yankunan Afrika.
Ko dai wanda ake hakowa ne, ko wanda ake samu ta hanyar kona itatuwa, gawayi na cikin makamashin da ake amfani da shi a gidaje da ma'aikatu tun aru.
Ousmane Doumbia, wanda yake girka abinci mai dadi a duk ranakun karshen mako, ya ce yana sayan buhun gawayi CFA 2,500 a yankinsu a kasar Mali ya ce, "Ina amfani da gawayi ne domin wani kamshi da yake fitarwa wanda ke tunatar da ni wani kifi da nake ci wani lokacin can baya a kauye," inji shi a tattaunawarsa da TRT Afrika.
Kamar Ousmane, mazaunin Babban Birnin Mali, Bamako, akalla mutanen Afrika miliyan 850 ne suke amfani da gawayi a Afrika.
Matsalar da ta karade duniya
Kamar yadda Kungiyar Kula da Ingancin Abinci da Noma ta Duniya (FAO) ta bayyana, akalla kowane mutum a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da Afrika da Kudancin Amurka na amfani da kubik daya ba gawayi a kullum. Sai dai kididdigar na raguwa a kasashen da dazuka suke karanci.
A bangaren amfani da gawayi a kamfanoni- inda aka fi amfani da gawayin da ake hakowa- an fi amfani da shi domin samar da wutar lantarki.
Hukumar Makamashi na Duniya wato International Energy Agency (IEA), ta fitar da rahoton cewa a karshen shekarar 2023, bukatuwar ta karu zuwa tan biliyan 8.53.
Ana samun cigaba da amfani da gawayi a duniya duk da masani suna bayannin cewa shi ne yake fitar da kusan kashi 40 na sinadarin carbon dioxide da ke taimakawa wajen kawo dumamar yanayi.
A game da wannan ne, wani kwararre a fannin noma a kasar Burkina Faso mai suna Armel Kaboré ya ce ya yi amannar cewa koren gawayi ne zai share musu hawaye.
"Da asalin gawayi ake amfani wajen hada koren gawayi. Bayan an busar da itace ne ake samun gawayin da ake kira biochar, wanda ake iya amfani da shi a matsayin taki."
Amfani da yawa
Gawayin biochar yana da amfani akalla guda bakwai ga kasa, kamar daidaita yanayin asid da ke cikin kasar da sauran amfani. Yana kuma taimakawa kasar wajen rike ruwa da ba tsirrai sinadaran da suke bukata.
Koren gawayi wani gawayi ne mara illa ga muhalli da wani dan kasuwar Kenya mai suna Tom Osborn ya kirkira.
"Ya yanke shawarar kirkirar gawayin ne bayan ya lura da yadda mutanen yankinsu ke fama da matsalolin rashin lafiya sanadiyar girki da gawayi," inji Kaboré, wanda shi ma ya lura da kwatankwacin hakan a lokacin yana karami a kauyen Koundi mai nisan kilomita kadan daga Babban Birnin Ouagadougou.
"Osborn ya shiga damuwa ne da yadda mahaifiyarsa ke shakar hayaki kullum, wanda yake jawo cututtukan numfashi."
Kaboré ya yi amannar cewa samar da koren gawayi ya zo a daidai. Abubuwan da ake anfani da su wajen hada shi ba su da illa ga muhalli kamar itatuwa da takardu da sauransu domin suna narkewa a cikin kasa saboda zafi.
Idan suka ji zafi sosai, suna narkewa, inda ake mulmula su, sannan a busar.
Aikin sana'anta gawayin na daukar lokaci, sannan yana bukatar yanayi na zafi sosai. Ko bayan an mulmula, idan za a yi ruwan saman kwana daya zai iya mayar da hannun agogo baya, gawayin ya koma toka. Amma duk da haka, alamu na nuna cewa zai samu karbuwa sosai.
"Koren gawayin da ake sana'antawa ya fi asalin gawayi. Gawayi ne da ba ya fitar da hayaki. Ya fi saurin rurawa, sannan ya fi dadewa," inji Kaboré.
Wahalar samun karbuwa
A duk shekara, kasar Burkina Faso na shirya gangamin yaki da sare itatuwa a kasar domin adana su. Sai dai kuma wadannan itatuwan da ake kokarin adanawa, su ne kuma ake sarewa domin yin gawayi.
"Domin mutane su samu abin girki, ana bukatar ruwan sama ya sauka domin tsirrai su fito. Amma idan muka cigaba da sare itatuwa, za mu iya daina samun ruwan sama. Za mu iya samun gawayin girki, amma kuma za mu iya rasa abincin da za mu girka din," inji Kaboré a tattaunawarta TRT Afrika.
Tun a shekarar 2019, Kaboré yake ta kokarin wayar da kan mutane tare da horar da su muhimmancin nemo hanyoyin hada koren gawayi. Domin cika burinsa na kewaye Afrika da gawayin ne ya assasa Kungiyar Nature Afrique.
"Ana bukatar hada karfi da karfe. Mun gudanar da taron ba da horo a situ: a filayen da tituna da kuma wasu daidaikun mutane, ciki har da kauyuka da manoma," inji Kaboré.
