Dag
Sylvia Chebet
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi hasashen cewa masu cutar kansa a duniya za su kai miliyan 35 zuwa shekarar 2050, daga miliyan 20 da aka kiyasta a shekarar 2022.
Cibiyar bincike a kan cutar kansa ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya wato International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) ta ce hauhawar za ta iya jawo akalla mutuwa miliyan 18.5, daga mutuwa miliyan 9.7 na shekarar 2022.
"Wannan rahoto babu dadin ji. Sannan akwai tayar da hankali a ciki," inji David Makumi, mai kula da harkokin kungiyar kwararrun nas na fannin cutar kansa na Kenya.
"Wannan rahoton ya nuna akwai jan aiki, musamman ganin yadda lamarin ke neman zarce tunanin mutane, musamman a kasashe masu tasowa irin su Kenya da sauransu a Afrika."
Kamar yadda alkaluman suka nuna, nahiyar Afirka ce ake hasashen cutar ta fi kamari zuwa shekarar ta 2050, inda ake tunanin cutar za ta hauhawa da kusan kashi 140 wato miliyan 2.8.
A shekarar 2022, nahiyar na da masu cutar kansa miliyan 1.2 ne. A yanzu da ake shirin Ranar Cutar Kansa ta Duniya a ranar Lahadi, ga wasu kididdiga game da cutar a bara.
An samar da wadannan alkaluman ne bayan wani bincike da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta gudanar a kasashe 115, wanda ya nuna cewa da dama daga cikin kasashen ba sa kasafta kudin da ya dace wajen kula da cutar da kuma tallafawa masu cutar.
Nau'ukan cutar kansa da suka fi yawa a duniya
Rahoton na WHO ya nuna cewa nau'ukan cutar kansa guda 10 ne kusan kashi biyu bisa ukun masu cutar suke fama da su, kuma suka fi kashe mutane a shekarar 2022.
Kansar huhu ce ta fi yawa a duniya, inda aka samu sababbin masu fama da cutar guda miliyan 2.5, da mutuwa 1.8. Ita kadai ce take da sama da kashi 12 na sababbin wadanda suka kamu da cutar, da kashi 18.9 na mutuwa.
Kansar mama ce ta biyu, inda a duniya akwai masu cutar miliyan 2.3, wato kashi 11.6, amma kashi 6.9 na mutuwa ta jawo.
Kansar hanji ce ta biyu wajen jawo mutuwa, sai ta hanta ke biye mata sai ta mama, sannan ta ciki.
Kansar mahaifa ce ta takwas a da a duniya, ta tara Kuma wajen jawo mutuwa, sannan mafi yawa a kasashen guda 25, wadanda mafi yawansu kasashe ne a yankin Sahara na Afirka.
Rashin daidaito da kasafta kudi
Rahoton Cibiyar IARC - da aka fitar a shirye-shiryen Ranar Cutar Kansa ta Duniya ta ranar 4 ga Fabrailun - ta kuma bayyana rashin daidaito a bayyane, musamman a kansar mama.
Mace 1 a cikin 12 ne a kasashe manya ne za su iya kamuwa da cutar kansa a rayuwarsu, sannan 1 a cikin 71 cutar ke kashewa. Sannan mace 1 a cikin mata 27 a kasashe masu tasowa ne suke kamuwa da cutar kansar mama, sannan 1 a cikin 48 za su mutuwa.
Matan nan, "sun fuskantar barazanar rasa rayukansu saboda rashin samun gwaji cikin sauri da kuma jinkirin magani," inji Dokta Isabelle Soerjomataram, Mataimakin Shugaban bangaren sa ido na Cibiyar IARC.
Binciken na WHO ya kuma nuna cewa akwai bambanci wajen samun kula ga masu cutar. Misali, a kasashe manya yiwuwar sanya cutar kansar huhu a cikin inshorar lafiyarsu ta fi yawa.
"Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da shirye-shiryenta suna kokarin samun hadin gwiwar sama da gwamnatocin kasashe 75 domin samun karin zuba kudi da dabbaka shirye-shiryen da aka yi domin kula da cutar kansa," in ji Dokta Bente Mikkelsen, Darakta sashen cututtuka da ba a yaxawa, a lokacin da yake bayyana bukatar kara zuba kudi a fannin.
Hanya mai sauki
Makumi, wanda ya taba aiki a Cibiyar Cutar Kansa ta Kenya ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai bukatar kananan kasashe su kara kudin da suke kasaftawa domin kare kamuwa da cutar kansa.
"Abu ne mai sauki. Kamar a ce ne ga wuka ga nama a hannun mutum. Idan mu Afirka da sauran kasashen duniya da muka fi zama cikin barazanar kamuwa da cutar saboda rashin isassun kayan aiki da kwararrun likitoci, to ai akwai wasu hanyoyin da za mu bi," in ji Dokta Makumi.
Misali, mata da 'yan mata za su iya yaki da kansar mahaifa, wadda ita ce ta takwas wajen yawa a duniya ta hanyar yin allurar riga-kafin HPV. A Kenya, kyauta ake riga-kafin a asibitocin gwamnati.
"Wannan abu ne da bai fi karfinmu ba. Za mu iya fatattakar kansar mahaifa baki daya a duniya," in ji shi.
Haka kuma riga-kafin cutar Hepatitis B tana kare kamuwa da kansar hanta. Bayan riga-kafin, kare gurbacewar iska ma zai taimaka wajen kare kamuwa da cutar kamar yadda masana suka nuna.
Abubuwan da suke jawo cutar
"Muna maganar gurbacewar iska idan muna maganar sauyin yanayi, amma abin da ya fi muhimmanci yanzu shi ne yawancin abubuwan da suke jawo sauyin yanayi suna jawo cutar kansa," in ji shi.
Bayan gurbacewar iska, taba sigari da giya da cutar kiba mara misali wato obesity suna cikin manyan abubuwan da suke jawo kansa. Wannan ya sa akwai bukatar a kula da yanayin gudanar da rayuwa.
Makumi, wanda shi ne Shugaban Asusun Tallafi na Faraja Cancer Support Trust ya ce, "yawancin cututtukan kansa da cututtukan da ba a yadawa suna da alaka da abin da muke ci ne."
"Kasashenmu za su iya yin dokoki masu tsauri a game da haka. Misali, a sanya alamomin gargadi a sukari da sauran kayan zaki da muke kira soda. Akwai bukatar a lura da wannan sosai saboda su ne suka fi jawo kiba mara misali wato obesity, kuma mun san irin wannan kibar tana jawo kansa da wasu cututtukan da ba a yadawa," inji shi.
Makumi ya bayyana sigari a matsayin "ajin farko wajen jawo kansa." A cewarsa, taba "tare da giya ne suke kan gaba wajen jawo cutar kansa."
Fifita riba sama da ceton rayuwa
Taba na jawo na'ukan kansa guda 16, a cewar Makumi, amma kamfanonin sigarin sun fi mayar da hankali a kan ribar da suke samu, sama da rayuwar mutane.
"Manyan kamfanonin taba na duniya sun yi karfi a kasashe maso tasowa da dama, inda suke tursasa kasashen da barazanar cewa idan ba ku yi mana kaza ba, za mu janye kasuwancinmu," in ji shi.
Makumi ya kara da cewa sanya suna masu dadi suna jawo hankalin mutane wajen ta'ammali da wadannan abubuwan masu illa.
"Ko dai a a kira ta da sigari mai amfani da lantarki, ko shake ko sauran na'ukan taba na zamani, musamman Gen Z, duk sigari, sigari ne."
Wayar da kai a game da kansa
Masana sun ce wayar da kan mutane a kan abubuwan da suke jawo kansa da alamominta, da magani na da matukar muhimmanci.
"Misali, watan Janairu ne watan wayar da kai a kan kansar mahaifa, amma bai kamata a ce an yi amfani da wata daya kawai, sannan mu je mu kwanta a sauran wata 11 din ba. Ya kamata ne a rika tattaunawa a game da cutar a kowane lokacin, a kuma ko'ina," inji masanin na lafiya.
Makumi ya ce kansar mama ta fi shahara ne a nahiyar saboda yadda ake yawan wayar da kan mata a game da ita.
Ya bayyana cewa wayar da kan ne suka sa mata da dama suke zuwa gwaji.
Duk da cewa ita ce ta biyu wajen yawa, kisan da take jawowa bai kai ta huhu da hanji da hanta ba, wanda ke nuni da cewa ana gano ta da sauri, wanda hakan zai sa a fara magani da sauri.
"Haka kuma ya nuna halin mata a game da kula da lafiya. Mata sun fi saurin zuwa asibitin idan sun ji akwai matsala, sama da sauran na'ukan kansar," inji Makumi.
An bayyana cewa maza sun fi mata mutuwa saboda cutar kansa. Rahoton Cibiyar IARC ta WHO na kwanan nan ya nuna cewa maza miliyan 5.4 ne suka mutu a shekarar 2022, mata kuma guda miliyan 4.3.
Nau'ukan kansa mafi yawa a Afirka
- Mama 40.3%
- Mahaifa 26.2%
- Mafitsara 29.9%
- Hanta 8.4%
- Hanji 8.2%
- NHL 5.0%
- Huhu 6.2%
- Mafitsara 4.6%
- Ciki 4.0%
- Jini 3.1%
