Daga Abdulwasi'u Hassan
Ga dukkan alamu dai rikicin kungiyar ECOWAS ya ƙara ƙamari tun bayan sauyin gwamnati a Nijar a ranar 26 ga watan Yulin shekarar da ta gabata, lamarin da ya tilasta wa kungiyar shiga cikin wani yanayi na warware matsalolin cikin gida.
Shirin ɗinke ɓarakar ya biyo bayan rugujewar goyon bayan da ake bai wa kungiyar a hankali, ya samo asali ne bayan da gwamnatin mulkin soja a Nijar ta haɗe kai da takwarorinta na Mali da Burkina Faso domin kafa kungiyar Confedération des États du Sahel, ko kuma kawancen kasashen Sahel (AES).
Kungiyar ECOWAS dai ta shafe sama da shekara guda tana kan siratsi, inda ta yanke shawarar katse wutar lantarki tare da toshe iyakokin kasar Nijar da ba ta da teku, lamarin da ya ƙara ƙarfafa ƙudurin ficewar Nijar daga kungiyar tare da sauran Ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka biyu da ke ƙarƙashin mulkin soja.
Ƙaddamar da rundunonin sojan da za su iya shiga tsakani don maido da mulkin dimokraɗiyya a Nijar da alama shi ne zaɓi na ƙarshe.
Burkina Faso da Mali da suka yi juyin mulki a shekarar 2021 da 2022 bi da bi, sun amince da Nijar cewa akwai bukatar ɓallewa daga kungiyar ECOWAS domin kafa wata kungiya ta daban a matsayin katangar kariya daga cin zarafi na cikin gida da waje.
Ko da yake ECOWAS ta janye takunkumin a wani mataki na sasantawa daga baya, sai dai tuni an riga an yi ɓarnar.
A yanzu a fayyace yake cewa AES barazana ce ga ECOWAS, wadda take buƙatar shawo kan matsalar.
Shirin sulhuntawa
Tun bayan da aka sake zaɓarsa a matsayin shugaban ECOWAS, Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu na Nijeriya yake ta aiki tuƙuru don ganin ya mayar da ƙungiyar kan turba.
ECOWAS ta ɗora wa Shugaban Ƙasar Senegal Bassirou Diomaye Faye da takwaransa na Togo Faure Gnassingbé alhakin gagarumin aikin shawo kan Mali da Nijar da Burkina Faso.
Faye, wanda ya aka ɗora masa wannan aiki a lokacin taron ECOWAS na farko, yana daga cikin shugabannin yankin mafi ƙarancin shekaru kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin wanda zai iya kawo sabon salo a kan tsarin.
“A matsayina na shugaban ƙungiyar ECOWAS, ina gayyatar ku da ku hada kai ku gana da sauran ’yan’uwa domin shawo kansu su dawo cikin tafiyar,” Tinubu ya shaida wa Faye a wani taro a Abuja.
Tun da shi da Gnassingbe aka zaba domin fara sulhuntawa, Faye ya riga ya ziyarci Mali da Burkina Faso don kokarin ciyar da wannan manufa gaba.
Matakan nasara
Yayin da a watan Janairun 2025 ne wa’adin ƙasashe ukun da suka ɓalle su koma cikin kungiyar ta yankin, jama’a sun yi ta duban abubuwan da za su taimaka wajen samun nasara ko akasin haka, don tabbatar da su cewa komawa ECOWAS na da amfani ga kowa da kowa.
Manazarta na ganin cewa daya daga cikin abubuwan da za su taimaka wajen sasantawa, shi ne muryoyin masu kishin Afirka da na masu adawa da mulkin mallaka waɗanda Faye da ɗaya daga cikin masu ba shi shawara, Ousman Sonko suka yi amfani da su wajen yakin neman zaben shugaban kasar Senegal a bana.
Farfesa Aliou Sow, tsohon ministan Senegal ya shaida wa TRT Afrika cewa, dangantakar aƙida ta wanzu, kuma tana da matukar muhimmanci a irin wannan yanayi.
Wani muhimmin al'amari na amincewa da juna shi ne, kaso mai yawa na kasuwancin Mali yana tare da Senegal.
Farfesa Sow ya bayyana cewa: "A yi amfani da ƙoƙarin da Senegal ta yi na tallafa wa Mali a fagen yaki da kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda, kamar yadda (Firaminista) Ousmane Sonko ya sanar a matsayin hanyar sasantawar.
"Muhimmin abu shi ne suna bukatar ECOWAS ta fahimci yanayin irin wadannan shawarwarin da suka shafi kasashen biyu."
Wani abu kuma da alama zai yi kyau ga aikin sulhu shi ne gwanintar ɗan'uwan Faye mai zaman lafiya, Gnassingbe. Dangantakar da ke tsakaninsa da wasu daga cikin shugabannin kasashen AES da kuma ƙwarewarsa wajen warware takaddama ana ganin suna da matukar amfani a halin da ake ciki.
"Ko da yake matashi, ana kallonsa a matsayin babban jigo na yankin da ke inganta dangantakar zaman lafiya," in ji Farfesa Sow.
Yiwuwar kawo tasgaro
A cewar Issoufou Boubacar Kado Magagi, wani manazarci da ke zaune a birnin Yamai, daya daga cikin kalubalen shi ne yadda wasu ke ganin cewa kungiyar kasashen yankin na karkata ga Ƙasashen Yammacin Duniya musamman Faransa.
Magagi ya yi nuni da cewa, wakilan Ƙasashen Yamma da dama ne suka halarci taron na ECOWAS na karshe, inda suka nuna cewa suna da rawar da za su taka a kan matsayar kungiyar.
"Lokaci ya sauya. A kasashen Afirka, matasa ba sa yarda da wannan yaki na cfin ƙarfi da ke amfani da wasu shugabannin Afirka wajen tura ajandar Ƙasashen Yammacin Duniya," in ji Magagi ga TRT Afrika.
Manazarta irinsa sun kuma yi imanin cewa manufar ECOWAS za ta fi yin tasiri ta hanyar bayar da diyya ga kasuwancin da suka yi asara sakamakon takunkumin da kungiyar ta kakaba mata.
"Lokacin da aka rufe iyakokin, muna da kaya da yawa da suka maƙale a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Cotonou, 'yan kasuwa sun yi asarar miliyoyin CFA, babu wanda ke magana game da biyan su diyya," in ji Magagi.
Matakan nasara
Duk da cikas da ke gaban shugabannin kasashen biyu da ke jagorantar aikin sulhun, akwai fatan kasashen biyu za su daƙile ƙoƙarin ficewar waɗancan ƙasashen daga kungiyar ECOWAS baki daya ta hanyar bin wasu matakai.
A cewar manazarta, daya daga cikin irin wadannan matakan shi ne a ci gaba da maye gurbin matsin lamba da tattaunawa mai tsauri da tattaunawa da rangwame da zai amfani bangarorin biyu.
"Ina tsammanin Faye zai iya samar da dabarun diflomasiyya mai fuska biyu - yana mu'amala da shugabannin ECOWAS da Firaministansa (Ousmane Sonko) da sojoji," kamar yadda Farfesa Sow ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.
Ana kallon ziyarar da Sonko ya kai kasar Mali a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta a matsayin wani mataki na wannan al'amari.
Wasu manazarta dai na ganin ziyarar da wakilan kasashen ke yi na nuna rashin mutunta mulkin mallaka na Yammacin Duniya, musamman na kasashen da suka yi mulkin mallaka kamar Faransa, wani bangare ne da ya zama wajibi a kokarin da ake na ganin an sasanta tsakanin kasashen uku da kungiyar ECOWAS.
