Daga Coletta Wanjohi
Sakamakon hare-haren ta'addanci na ranar 11 ga Satumban 2001 da kungiyar Al Qaeda ta kai ba wargaza batun da Amurka take kambamawa na cewa ba za a karya lagonta ba kawai suka yi ba.
Sun ma sake fasalin tsaro na duniya da manufofin kasashen waje, da ma fahimtar jama'a. Sun yi sanadin yaƙe-yaƙe, da ƙara sa ido, da sanya rauni mai ɗorewa.
A Afirka, harin 9/11 shi ne muhimmin lokacin da nahiyar ke buƙatar buɗe wata taga don fuskantar kalubalen tsaro a nan gaba.
Shekaru 23 bayan haka, yawancin ƙasashen Afirka suna rayuwa cikin mummunan yanayi. “Halin da ake ciki a Afirka, musamman a yankin Sahel ba shi da kyau, inda wasu kungiyoyin ‘yan ta’adda ke ƙara ƙaimi a yankin.
Kusan rabin adadin mace-macen da ta'addanci ke haddasawa na faruwa ne a yankin Sahel," a cewar mataimakiyar Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Amina Mohammed a wani taron shugabannin a watan Afrilu.
Yaki da ta'addanci ya ƙunshi fiye da tsara kayan aiki da sanya tsarin tsaro na cikin gida. Sauya salon yaƙin sau da yawa yana buƙatar samun goyon bayan mai yawa daga waje, da ƙasashe maƙabta.
Amina Mohammed ta ce "Tashe-tashen hankula a yankin Sahel na faruwa ne ta hanyar manyan laifuffuka, musamman yaduwar makamai ta hanyar fasa kwauri.
Wannan ya fi fitowa fili a kasashen da ke da kan iyaka. Samar da makamai yana kara wa kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda ƙwarin."
Yunkurin Somaliya da ta'addanci
A Somaliya, kungiyar ta'addanci ta Al Shabaab, da ke da alaka da al-Qaeda, ita ce ta farko da ke kawo cikas ga samar da zaman lafiya, tana yawan kai hare-hare tun bayan da Shugaba Hassan Sheikh Mohamud ya ayyana "yaki gaba-gaɗi" a kan mayakan.
A ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, akalla mutum 37 ne suka mutu a wani harin bindiga da 'yan ta'adda suka kai a wani shahararren bakin teku a Mogadishu. Mutum takwas sun mutu, wasu da dama kuma sun jikkata a wasu tagwayen hare-hare a babban birnin kasar cikin watan, in ji wani jami'i.
A ranar 4 ga Satumba, Mogadishu ta sanar da cewa, an kashe akalla 'yan ta'addar Al Shabaab 19 a hare-haren da sojojin Somaliyan suka kai a yankunan Shabelle ta Tsakiya da kuma Galgadud.
Wata guda kafin nan, jihar Puntland mai cin gashin kanta ta Somaliya ta zartar da hukuncin kisa kan mayakan kungiyar ta'addancin guda 10 bayan shari'ar da aka yi musu a wata kotun soji bisa laifin kisa da tada bam a wurare da dama.
An fi saurin kashe farar hula
Bayanai daga cibiyar nazari da bincike kan ta'addanci ta Afirka (ACSRT) sun nuna cewa tsakanin watan Janairu zuwa Disamba na shekarar 2023, an kai wa fararen hula hari sau 1,597 daga cikin 2,952 da aka rubuta na ta'addanci a nahiyar.
A dunkule, an kai hare-hare 1,218 kan sojoji da cibiyoyin tsaro, yayin da aka kai 89 kan kungiyoyi da ayyuka na kasa da kasa.
Sauran 48 sun saɓa wa shugabanni, cibiyoyi da kayayyakin more rayuwa na gwamnati.
“A yankin Tafkin Chadi, ISWAP da Boko Haram na ci gaba da tada kayar bayan da suka addabi yankin arewa maso gabashin Nijeriya da kuma arewacin Kamaru.
Gwagwarmayar mulki tsakanin wadannan manyan kungiyoyin ta’addanci ya zama daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka shafi yankin,” in ji wani rahoto na cibiyar nazarin nahiyar, Amani Afrika.
Yayin da gwamnatocin Afirka daban-daban suka himmatu wajen hana 'yan kasar hare-haren ta'addanci, sun yi ta kokarin samar da ingantattun kayan aiki da albarkatu don yakar irin wannan tashin hankali.
Wannan ya jaddada muhimmancin hada kai wajen tunkarar kalubalen ta'addanci da sauran nau'ikan tashe-tashen hankula da suka shafi wata kasa ko yanki.
Yakin da Nahiyar ke yi na yakar rundunar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta Tarayyar Afirka a Somaliya (ATMIS), wani shiri mai dimbin yawa (sojoji, 'yan sanda da farar hula) wanda kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ba da umarni, babban misali ne.
Haka kuma aka amince da Yarjejeniyar Kariya da Yaki da Ta’addancin Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (OAU) a shekarar 1999.
Yarjejeniyar, wacce ta fara aiki a ranar 6 ga watan Disamba, 2002, ta bukaci kasashen da ke halartar taron da su hukunta ayyukan ta'addanci a karkashin dokokin kasarsu, kamar yadda aka ayyana a cikin kundin tsarin mulki.
Bangarorin da aka zayyana na hadin gwiwa sun kafa hurumin jiha kan ayyukan ta’addanci da kuma samar da tsarin shari’a na mika shi, binciken wasu yankuna, da taimakon shari’a.
An rattaba hannu kan wasu karin yarjejeniyoyin a tsakanin kasashen Afirka tun shekara ta 2004 domin magance ta'addanci. A batun kiyaye haƙƙin ɗan'adam, ba mutane kawai aka kashe ba a ayyukan ta'addanci da martanin ramuwar gayya daga gwamnatoci da hukumomi.
Yawancin ana wasarere da batun haƙƙin ɗan'adam a irin waɗannan yanayi. An kafa hukumar kare hakkin dan'adam ta Afirka a matsayin wata kungiya ta OAU a shekarar 1987 kuma ita ce ke da alhakin tabbatar da ci gaba da kare hakkin dan'adam da na jama'a a duk fadin nahiyar Afirka.
Wannan rukunin shari'a ne. Kotun Afrika ta kare hakkin ɗan'adam (ACTHPR), wacce ta fara aiki a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2004, ta share fagen kafa kotun shari'a ta Afirka.
A cikin 2008, Kotun Shari'a ta Afirka da ACTHPR sun hade cikin kotun shari'a da kare hakkin bil'adama ta Afirka, tare da majalisa biyu daban-daban.
Yayin da hukumomin biyu ke ci gaba da wanzuwa, an sha suka a kan zargin gazawarsu wajen cika aikin da hukunta masu hannu a ayyukan ta'addanci.
