Daga Mazhun Idris
A watan Maris na 2023, an yi wani babban gyara a majalisar dokokin kasar Ghana kan dokar manyan laifuka ta 1960 don daina kallon wanda ya yi yunkurin kashe kansa a matsayin wanda ya aikata laifi.
An sake nazari da muhawara kan dokar da aka gada daga Turawan mulkin mallaka – abin da ya sa ake kallon ya kamata a kula da wanda yake da niyyar kashe kansa maimakon hukunta shi.
"Daure mutanen da aka kama da laifin yunkurin kashe kansu hakan yana nuna cewa kamar ana hukunta su ne saboda suna da matsalar kwakwalwa, wanda hakan ba adalci ba ne," in ji Farfesa Akwasi Osei, tsohon shugaban hukumar da ke kula da masu matsalar kwakwalwa ta Ghana.
Ya ce a shekara 15 da suka wuce, an kama kusan mutum 50 laifi kuma an daure su tsakanin wata uku zuwa shekara biyar saboda laifin yunkurin kashe kansu.
Kamar yadda Osei ya ce, bayanai sun nuna ana samun rahotanni 1,500 na mutanen da suka yi yunkuri ko kuma suka kashe kansu a Ghana.
"Mun san cewa kusan kaso 95 cikin 100 ko fiye da wadannan mutane suna da matsalar kwakwalwa," kamar yadda Akwasi Osei ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.
Abubuwan da suke jawo mutanen son daukar ransu da kansu su ne tsananin damuwa da babban abin kunya da talauci da matsalar kudi da matsalar rashin lafiya da kuma wasu matsaloli masu nasaba da dangi ko soyayya.
Wani nazari da aka yi kafin gyara dokar wanda kuma aka wallafa a mujallar International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Mensah Adinkrah of Central Michigan University, ya gano irin hukuncin da aka yanke wa wadanda suka yi yunkurin kashe kansu a Ghana bayan an gurfanar da su a gaban kuliya.
Matakin ba ya haifar da da mai ido
"Binciken ya gano cewa yawancin wanda ake zargi sun amsa laifunsu ko kuma an same su da laifi, kuma an yanke musu hukuncin cinsu tara ko kuma dauri," in ji rahoton.
Gabanin gyaran, sashi na 57(2) na dokar da ta tanadi hukunci ga wanda ya yi yunkurin kashe kansa da kansa "kuskure ne" saboda hakan yin akasin abin da ya dace ne, kamar yadda wata masaniya lafiyar kwakwalwa a Ghana Vida Badu Oppong ta ce.
“Masu son daukar ransu da kansu suna da matsala a kwakwalwa. Saboda haka kama su da laifi ba zai haifar da da mai ido ba a kokarinmu na magance matsalar," in ji ta.
"Yunkurin kashe kai ko kuma mutum ya bayyana cewa 'ina so na mutu', a gaskiya kukan neman agaji yake, kuma abu ne da ke nuna halin damuwa da matsalar da kwakwalwarsa ke ciki," kamar yadda ta shaida wa TRT Afrika.
Matsalolin da ke tattare da kallon yunkurin kashe kai a matsayin babban laifi a idon doka suna da ban mamaki, saboda haka zai iya sa wasu da ke son daukar ransu su yi amfani da abin da suke da tabbacin zai kashe su nan take, ba watata.
Taimako, ba kin amincewa ba
Masana lafiyar kwakwalwa sun ce dokar ta fayyace a fili halin rashin lafiya ko kuma halin yau da kullum din da mutanen suke ciki.
"Dokar ba ta karfafa gwiwar kawo rahoton abubuwan da suka jibanci yunkurin kisan kai da kai a kan lokaci don samun taimako kuma hakan ya jawo raguwar kai rahotannin hakan, wannan kuma zai kawo cikas ga samun ainihin alkaluma matsalar don shiryawa yadda za a magance ta," in ji Vida.
Masana lafiyar kwakwalwa sun ce jaddada cewa dabi'ar kashe kai ciwo ne. Maimaikon fuskantar hadarin kamu, ya kamata ne a bai wa wadanda suka yi yunkurin kashe kansu kulawa da magani.
Kungiyoyi kare hakkin masu matsalar kwakwalwa a Ghana ciki har da ma'aikata a fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa da likitocin kwakwalwa da masana dabi'un dan Adam da masu kare hakkin dan Adam da sauransu, sun kwashe shekaru suna kiraye-kirayen da a daina hukunta wadanda suka yi yunkurin kashe kansu a Ghana – musamman idan ba kai-tsaye suka yi hakan ba.
Saboda haka wannan ba karamar nasara ba ce lokacin da majalisar dokokin Ghana ta amince ta gyara dokar, inda yanzu dokar take kallon wadanda suka yi yunkurin kashe kansu a matsayin mutanen da ke bukatar taimako yayin da suke kokarin magance rashin lafiyar kwakwalwar da ke damunsu, maimakon kallon su a matsayin wandanda suka aikata laifi.
Babban ci-gaba
'Yan Ghana musamman masu aiki a fannin kula da masu matsalar kwakwalwa da masu kare hakkinsu sun yi farin ciki da gyara dokar daina hukunta masu yunkurin kashe kansu, sun ce wannan wani mataki ne da zai taimaka wajen kara fahimtar wannan dabi'ar.
Mutane suna farin ciki cewa yanzu ana yi wa wadanda suke da anniyar kashe kansu kallon mutane kuma an fahimci cewa suna bukatar kulawa a asibiti.
“Wannan yana nufin idan mutum ya yi yunkurin kashe kansa, to a rika kallon abin matsayin matsalar kwakwalwa wadda take bukatar bincike daga masana lafiyar kwakwalwa," in ji Farfesa Osei.
An ruwaito Shugaban Ghana Nana Akufo-Addo yana cewa daina kallon wadanda suka yi yunkurin kashe kansu zai taimaka wajen rage tsangwamar da ke da alaka da dabi'ar, yayin da hakan kuma zai taimaka mutanen da ke da matsalar kwakwalwa.
Shugabannin wasu kungiyoyi wanda aka kafa ba don riba da suka yi magana da TRT Afrika bakinsu ya zo daya kan cewa idan ana so a samu ci gaba a fannin kula da masu matsalar kwakwalwa a Ghana, to sai an kara kyautata hanyoyin kulawar da ake ba su.
"Game da sauyin da ya kamata a samu a tsakanin al'umma, ya dace a samar da tsarin kiwon lafiya ga kowa da kowa ta yadda mutane za su iya neman taimako ba tare da an musu kallon gazawa ko kuma an mayar da su saniyar ware ba," in ji shi.
