Daga Mazhun Idris
Ga Fauzziyah Ebunoluwa Isiak wacce take zaune a birnin Legas da ke kudu maso yammacin Nijeriya, kiwon zuma ya kunshi wani abu na tsawon rayuwa.
Ta sauya aiki daga aikin 'yar sanda zuwa kafa kasuwancin kiwon zuma wanda hakan ya taimaka mata sauya wani abu mummuna da ya faru zuwa wani abu na karfafa gwiwa.
"Kudan zuma halitta ce mai ban mamaki," kamar yadda ta shaida wa TRT Afrika. "Ina fita tun asuba a kullum don kulawa da kudan zumana. Ba kiwon kudan zuma kadai nake ba a rana. Amma na kan ware lokaci mai yawa ina nazari a kansu."
Kamar sauran masu kiwon zuma, Fauziyyah tana samun yayewar damuwa duk lokacin da ta je wajen kudan zuman. "Na shuka furanni, kuma nakan zaune a kewaye da su saboda na fahimci "dabi'unsu", da yadda suke saduwa da yadda suke rayuwa.
"Wannan fahimtar mai zurfi da nake da ita ta taimaka min wajen shuka abin da ya dace da furenni don taimaka musu wajen girma da lafiyarsu," in ji ta.
Babu dadewa, Fauziyyah ta ba kanta mamaki da mutane kan yadda ta ajiye aikinta a matsayin 'yar sanda, inda ta koma aikin noma da kiwon zuma a kasar da take fadi tashin farfado da noma da kiwo.
Tana tsakiyar kiwon kudan zuman ne sai mahaifinta ya fara rashin lafiya kuma ya rasu. An alakanta rasuwarsa kan shan wata gurbatacciyar zuma da ya yi a kasuwa a yankinsu.
Mutuwar mahaifin Fauziyyah ya sa ta fahimci cewa mutane da dama suna amfani da zuma wadda aka gurbata da wasu sinadarai. "Wannan abin da ya faru ya sa na dauki kiwon kudan zuma da muhimmanci sosai — kuma wata hanya ce ta kyautatawa al'ummata."
A kokarin tabbatar da cewa kwastomominta sun samu ingantacciyar zuma, Fauziyyah tana amfani da amintattun ajent da kuma a wasu lokuta kamfanonin jigilar kaya. "Da kaina nake tara zuman kuma na gyara ta don fara kai wa mutane, don kawai na tabbatar komai ya tafi daidai," in ji ta.
Muhalli da tattalin arziki
Kamar yadda Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona (FAO) ta bayyana zuma tana da muhimmanci wajen gyara muhalli musamman wajen taimakawa kan hayayyafar sirrai.
"Kudan zuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da daidaito tsakanin halittu, da tabbatar da dorewar wasu tsirrai da wanzuwar dazuka da ke samar da kariya daga sauyin yanayi da inganta aikin gona da yalwarsa," kamar yadda aka bayyana.
Bayan kudin da ake samu, kiwon kudan zuma yana da muhimmanci ga aikin gona da abinci a fadin duniya. Saboda haka alkinta albarkatun kiwon kudan zuma yana da muhimmanci wajen dorewar dazuka da dabbobi da kare muhalli.
A shekarar 2019, Hukumar da ke kula da abubuwan da ake kai wa ketare daga Nijeriya ta ce kasar za ta iya samun dala biliyan 10 a kowace shekara ta hanyar kasuwancin kudan zuma a cikin gida da kuma ketare da kuma sauran abubuwa masu alaka da zuma.
Kamar yadda wani nazari na Dokta C. Ogbari kan tasirin kiwon kudan zuma kan tattalin arzikin Nijeriya ya bayyana, "an fara kiwon kudan zuma ne a wurin da yanzu ake kira Nijeriya tsakanin shekara ta 1000 zuwa 1500 lokacin da Larabawa da ke zuwa Yammacin Afirka suka kawo shi arewacin Nijeriya".
An saba yin kiwon kudan zuma a bangarori daban-daban a arewacin Nijeriya kuma akan sanya kwarya ne a saman bishiya.
Masu kiwon sukan yi amfani da ciyayi. Daga nan sai a kwashe gidan zuman da yamma, ko bayan isha'i.
Ko da a dazuka ne, ko a gonaki ko kuma a birane; zuma tana yin gidanta a waje mai duhu kamar a bishiya da kogo da tsaunuka da duwatsu da karkashin gadoji da saman rufin daki da wasu abubuwa.
Hukumar da ke kula da kiwon kudan zuma da ke birnin Ibadan tana daya daga cikin hukumomi na zamani da ke taimakawa wajen kiwon kudan zuma a zamanance. Hukumar tana samar da tsarin kiwon zuma na zamani.
Kiwon kudan zuma ya kunshi aikace-aikacen kula da jinsukan kudan zuma da samar da muhalli ga rundunar kudan zuma saboda kare su daga yanayi mara dadi da kuma tattara zumar da suka samar saboda sayarwa.
Gidan zuma mai kunshe da dimbin nasarori
A Nijeriya ana kallon kiwon kudan zuma a matsayin karamar sana'a kuma za a iya farawa da kimanin dala 200. Idan aka tafiyar da sana'ar yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama babban kasuwanci saboda ana bukatar kudi kankani ne wajen tafiyar da shi.
Kodayake Fauzziyah ta ce babban abin da ya ba ta kwarin gwiwa kan kiwon kudan zuma shi ne yadda take kaunar abin, wannan kuma yana karfafa ne saboda farin ciki da kalubalen da ta fuskanta.
"Ina kaunar noma da kiwo a kodayaushe. Bayan kiwon kudan zuma, na gwada sana'o'i da dama ciki har aikin gona da kiwon wasu dabbobi," in ji ta.
A matsayinta na karamar 'yar kasuwa, Fauzziyah ta fara ne da gano sana'ar da za ta kasance mai bayar da riba kuma wadda ba ta bukatar kudin gudanarwa masu kauri. Ta gwada kiwon dabbobi, amma sai bai dore ba saboda kudin ciyar da dabbobin.
"Daga bisani sai na yi tunanin fara kiwon kudan zuma saboda ba na bukatar ciyar da su akai-akai. Samar da zuma don magani ya kara karfafa tunanina," kamar yadda ta bayyana wa TRT Afrika.
Kalubalen dorewar abin
Kamar yadda Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana "kusan kaso 75 cikin 100 na 'ya'yan itace da ke samar da 'ya'ya don amfanin dan Adam sun dogara ne a kan furren da zuma take dauka a tsakaninsu don hayayyafa."
Zuma a matsayinsu na masu daukar fure daga wannan itacen zuwa wani suna da muhimmanci ga duniya da kuma rayuwar dan Adam. Zuma da sauran kwari masu taimakawa wajen hayayyafar tsirrai suna taimakawa wajen samar da abinci da daidaito a muhalli da dorewarsa.
Fauzziyah ta yi amannar cewa masu kiwon kudan zuma a Nijeriya suna bukatar horo na zamani ciki har kan kariya da tsafta da jinsi da barbara ta hanyar kimiyya don samar da sarauniyoyin kudan zuma da ake bukata a kowane gidan zuma.
