A wannan makon ne shahararren mai kwarmata bayanan sirri kuma wanda ya kafa shafin WikiLeaks, Julian Assange ya koma ƙasarsa Australia, bayan kammala shekaru 14 na fafutukar shari'a da ta ja hankalin duniya, kuma ya fito da munanan sirrikan gwamnatin Amurka fili.
WikiLeaks ƙungiya ce mai janyo cecekuce, wadda ta yi suna wajen wallafa tarin takardun sirri. Masu goyon bayansa suna ganin sa a matsayin muhimiyar hanya ta zaulo sirrikan gwamnati da manyan kamfanoni, amma wasu da bayanansu suka bayyana, kamar su gwamnatin Amurka, na ganin shafin a matsayin mai cutarwa kuma mara daraja.
Ga wasu laifukan da sojin Amurka suka aikata da WikiLeaks ya bankaɗo, waɗanda da ba za a sani ba:
Harin helikwaftan Apache a Baghdad
A Afrilun 2010, ɗaya cikin mafi muhimmancin abin da WikiLeaks suka bankaɗo ya fito fili. Shafin ya wallafa wani bidiyo na jirkgin yaƙin Amurka samfurin helikwafta yana kai farmaki kan farar hula a Baghdad.
Mutane 12 aka ce sun mutu a harin na 12 ga Yulin 2007, ciki har da 'yan jaridar Reuters biyu, Namir Noor Eldeen da Saeed Chmagh.
Bidiyon da aka ɗauka ta sama, yana ɗauke da muryar hira, ya nuna wani rukunin mutane a wata unguwa, inda matuƙa jirgin suka ɗauka kyamarorin 'yan jaridar makamai ne, kuma suka buɗe musu wuta.
Bayan nan, lokacin da wata mota ta tunkaro don kawo ɗauki ga waɗanda suka jikkata, an ji matuƙa jirgin suna hanzarin neman izinin kai musu farmaki.
"Kawai, ku bari mu saki wuta," wata murya ta faɗa. An ba su izini, kuma matuƙan sun ƙara buɗe wuta, inda suka kashe tarin mutane a motar da kuma kusa da ita. "E, ya yi, kalli can. Mun sami gilashin gaban motar! Ha ha!"
A wata hira da Al Jazeera a 2010, Assange ya ce bidiyon ya nuna yadda yaƙi ke ɓata matuƙa jirgi da kuma sojoji, musamman a salon yaƙi irin na zamani.
"Ka ga dai yadda So you matasan matuƙa suke yi tamkar suna buga gem, duk kuwa da cewa sakamakon da suke samu shi ne rasa rayuka," cewar Assange.
Cin zarafin fursunoni a Guantanamo
A Afrilun 2011, WikiLeaks ya saki dubban takardu ga wasu zaɓaɓɓun gidajen jaridu a Amurka da Turai, waɗanda suka bayyana yadda ake yi wa fursunoni a gidan yarin Guantanamo Bay da ya yi ƙaurin suna, wanda mallakin sojin Amurka ne wanda ake sani da Gitmo, a Cuba.
Cewar The New York Times, wadda ke cikin waɗanda aka aka sakar wa takardun, bayanai sun samar da cikakken bayanai game da fursunoni, har da bayanin abubuwan da ke aljihunsu lokacin da aka kama su, har da yanayin lafiyarsu, da rakod ɗin tambayoyin da aka musu, da batun ladabi, da maganganun da suka yi kan sauran abokan zamansu fursunoni.
Takardun sirrin, waɗanda suka ƙunshi tun daga na Fabrairun 2002 zuwa Janairun 2009, sun fallasa cin zarafin kusan fursunoni 800, da saɓa wa dokar ƙasa-da-ƙasa kan mutunta ɗan-adam.
Aƙalla 'yan Afghanistan da Pakistan su 150, da aka yi gaggawar garƙamewa a gidan yari tsawon shekaru, daga baya ba a same su da laifi ba, saboda an kuskure su da wasu, ko kuma an kawai sun tsinci kansu wajen da ake kame, wanda hakan ya nuna illolin "yaƙi da ta'addancin" da Shugaba George W. Bush ya ƙaddamar.
Gwamnatin Bush ta buɗe gidan bursin ɗn na soji shekaru 22 da suka wuce don killace waɗanda ake zargi da ta'addanci bayan harin 11 ga Satunba. A yau, har yanzu ana tsare da mutane 30 a gidan yari, da yawansu ba tare da an musu shari'a ba, duk da cewa kuma ba a yi shari'a kan hare-haren 2001 ba, cewar rahoton NPR.
Zaluntar farar-hula, kisa a Afghanistan da Iraq
WikiLeaks ya wallafa tarin bayanai da suka danganci yaƙe-yaƙen a Iraƙi da Afghanistan, waɗanda suka samar da muhimman darasi kan bayanan sirrin da ba a san su ba a baya.
A Yulin 2010, WikiLeaks ya yaɗa wasu takardun yaƙin Afghanistan ga gidajen jaridu ciki har da Guardian, the New York Times, da Der Spiegel.
Waɗannan bayani da suka shafi batutuwa sama da 90,000 da rahotannin leƙen asiri, sun ja hankali kan ayyukan sojin Amurka, kuma sun bayyana yadda ƙawancen sojin Amurka suke da alhakin kisan farar hula da ba a bayyana ba, wqaɗanda suka haura adadin da aka bayyana.
Takardun sun nuna wani ɓangare na yaƙin da Amurka ta yi kan Taliba, idan an kwatanta da abin da jaridar Washington ta bayyana a fili, ciki har da yadda Amurka ta ɓoye hujjojin damar da ƙungiyoyin suka samu muggan makamai masu linzami da ke harbo jirgi daga ƙasa. Harin bam kan Taliban ya ƙaru sosai, cewar Guardian.
Sauran takardun na yaƙin Iraƙi sun nuna yadda hukumomin Amurka suka nuna halin ko-in-kula ga ɗaruruwan rahotonannin binciken cin zarafi da azabtarwa da fyaɗe har ma da kisan kai da dakarun Iraƙi suka dinga aikatawa.
Fiye da fararen huka 15,000 ne suka mutu ta wasu hanyoyin da ba a sani ba duk da cewa jami;an Amurka sun ce babu wani bayani a hukumance na rashe-rashe da aka samu. Takardun Iraƙin suna ɗauke da bayanan sama da mutum 66,000 wadanda ba mayaƙa ba ne da aka kashe su, daga cikin adadin mace-mace 109,000 da aka samu.
Rikici mai tsanani da ya hada da sojojin Amurka a shingayen binciken ababen hawa na Iraƙi
Bayanan yaƙin Iraki sun kuma nuna cewa sojojin Amurka sun kashe ko kuma jikkata daruruwan fararen hula saboda zuwa kusa da shingayen binciken ko kuma ba su rage gudu ba yayin da suka durfafi wajen don tsayawa a bincike su.
Wadannan al'amura masu saurin kisa a wasu lokuta ko kuma a "saka karfi" sun rutsa da mutanen Iraƙi da ke jigilar mata masu juna biyu ko 'yan'uwa da mutanen da ke da tabin hankali, a cewar Al Jazeera.
Takardun da Wikileaks ya fitar ya ba da labarin al'amuran da aka yi amfani da ƙarfi kusan 14,000, waɗanda suka haifar da sakamakon da bai yi daɗi ba kamar kashe fararen hula na bazata. Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka (DOD) ta bayyana cewa kamata ya yi tsarin amfani da ƙarfin ya rage asarar rayuka da ɓarna.
"Tsare-tsaren sun ƙunshi tsarin makamai masu yawa da ba sa kisa da kuma tilasta kayan kariya da ake buƙata don amfani da ƙarfin da ba zai iya kisa ba," a cewar DOD.
Sai dai, a tsakanin 2004 zuwa 2010, an kashe wasu fararen hula 680 ta waɗannan hanyoyi, kuma fiye da 2,000 sun sami raunuka. Yawancin lokaci, harsasai da aka yi niyyar harbawa don gargadi a wuraren binciken ababen hawa, kan yi ɓarna sosai a kan fararen hula.
Abubuwan da suka faru a wuraren binciken sun yi muni ƙwarai. A shekara ta 2007, jaridar New York Times ta ruwaito wani lamari da ya faru a shekaru biyu da suka gabata, wato a watan Satumban 2005, lokacin da sojojin Amurka suka harba harsasai 200 kan wata mota a daidai lokacin da ta tunkari wani shingen binciken ababen hawa, da alama kuma cikin sauri, kusa da wani gari na Iraƙi da ake kira Musayyib. Sun kashe wani mutum da 'yar'uwarsa da ke cikin motar.
Blackwater a Iraƙi
Takardun bayanai daga WikiLeaks game da yakin Iraki sun bayyana wasu bayanai masu ta da hankali game da ayyukan wani dan kwangilar soja mai zaman kansa na kamfanin Blackwater a Iraki.
Fiye da fayil-fayil 12 ne suka yi cikakken bayani game da yadda masu gadin Blackwater suka bude wuta kan fararen hula, lamarin da ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 10 tare da jikkata wasu bakwai.
A cewar bayanan Wikileaks, 'yan kwangilar Blackwater, wadanda ke cikin wata kwangilar dalar Amurka miliyan 465, na da hannu wajen kashe fararen hula ba bisa ka'ida ba, yayin da suke ba jami'an diflomasiyyar Amurka kariya a kashi daya bisa uku na al'amuran da aka ruwaito, kamar yadda kafar yada labarai ta Jamus DW ta ruwaito.
Bayanan sun kuma ambaci cewa jami’an Blackwater sun yi harbin kan motocin fararen hula da suka tunkari ayarin motocinsu sosai. 'Yan kwangilar sojojin na Amurka ma sun harbi motar daukar marasa lafiya bayan da motar ta garzaya zuwa wurin da aka kai harin bam, inda "harbin bindigar" ya kashe direbanta.
Blackwater ta fi yin kaurin suna wajen harin da ta kai a dandalin Nisour na Bagadaza. A lokacin harin na 2007, jami'an Blackwater sun kashe kusan farar hula 20 tare da jikkata wasu 24. Ko da yake an tuhumi wasu ‘yan kwangilar Blackwater biyar da laifin kisan kai, wani alkali na Amurka ya yi watsi da karar saboda rashin da’a a gaban kotu.
Blackwater ya sake sauya sunansa zuwa Ayyukan Xe a cikin 2009 don nesantar da kansa daga mummunar kallon da ake masa kafin ya sake canza sunansa a 2011 zuwa Academi. A cikin 2014, Academi ya zama Constellis bayan ya haɗe tare da wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na Amurka, Triple Canopy.
