Masana kimiyya sun gano kololuwar yanayin zafin da danshin iska (Humidity) da jikin dan Adam zai iya rayuwa yayin da yanayin zafin duniya yake ci gaba da karuwa.
Ko da yara masu lafiya za su rasa ransu bayan yin sa'a shida a yanayin zafi da ya kai maki 35 a ma'aunin Celcius tare da danshin iska (Humidity) da ya kai kaso 100 cikin 100, amma wani sabon nazari yana cewa adadin zai iya yin kasa sosai.
Muhimmin matakin wanda yake faruwa a ma'aunin maki 35 na Celsius wanda ke kira da sunan "Web bulb temperature" — wato adadin yanayin zafi da yake hadari ga rayuwa, kuma an kai wannan mataki a lokuta da dama galibi a Kudancin Asiya da yankin Tekun Fasa, kamar yadda Colin Raymond na cibiyar nazari ta NASA ta Jet Propulsion Laboratory ya shaida wa AFP.
A wannan mataki gumi – wato babban abin da ke sanya wa da zafin jiki ya sauka – wanda ba ya busar da ruwan da ke jikin fata, wanda daga nan yake jawo bugun zuciya sanadin tsananin zafin yanayi, sai kuma wasu sassan jiki su daina aiki daga nan kuma sai asarar rai.
Babu daya daga cikin wadannan abubuwa da yake faruwa tsawon fiye da sa'a biyu, abin da hakan ke nufin cewa ba a taba samun "mutuwar mutane da yawa ba" dagane da rayuwar mutane, in ji Raymond wanda ya jagoranci nazarin.
Watan Yulin da ya fi zafi a tarihi
Sai dai tsananin zafi ba sai ya kai wani adadin ba kafin ya kashe mutane, kuma kowa yana da adadin zafin da jikinsa zai iya dauka, hakan ya danganta da shekarun mutum da koshin lafiya da wasu abubuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, a cewar masana.
Misali, fiye da mutum 61,000 ne aka yi kiyasin sun mutu sanadin yanayin zafi na bazarar bara a nahiyar Turai, inda babu adadin danshin iskar da ya kamata don samar da yanayin "Web bulb temperatures".
Amma yayin da yanayin zafi ya yi sama a watan Julin 2023, inda aka ce shi ne watan da ya fi kowane zafi a tarihi, masana kimiyya sun yi gargadin cewa za a rika samun yanayi zafi mai hadari ga rayuwa sosai.
Yawan samun wannan adadin ya nunka a shekara 40 da suka wuce, in ji Raymond, inda ya ce karuwar babbar barazana ce wadda ke alaka da sauyin yanayi wanda dan Adam ke jawowa.
Nazarin da Raymond ya jagoranta ya nuna ce yanayin zafi da yake da hadari ga rayuwa "ya wuce" maki 35 a ma'aunin Celcius a wurare da dama a fadin duniya, idan yanayin zafin duniya ya karu da maki 2.5 na Celsius a shekaru 10 zuwa 20 masu zuwa, wato fiye da adadin da ake samu kafin samun ci gaba masana'antu.
Yanayin zafi da ke hadari da rayuwa
Kodayake yanzu ana lissafa shi ne galibi ta zafi da danshin iska, yadda ake lissafin yanayin zafi mai hadari ga rayuwa (web bulb temperatures) ana yinsa ne ta hanyar sanya tufafi mai lema a jikin na'urar auna zafi ko sanyin jiki (Thermometer), daga nan sai a saka na'urar a iska.
Wannan yana lissafa yadda ruwan yake bin iska cikin hanzari, wanda ya yi kama da yadda zufa take bushewa a kan fata.
A rubuce dan Adam ba zai iya rayuwa sama da maki 35 na ma'aunin Celcius (web bulb temperature) na zafi mara iska da kuma danshin iska (Humidity) kaso 100 cikin 100 – ko kuma maki 46 na ma'aunin Celcius idan danshin iska ya kai kaso 50 cikin 100.
Adadin zafin da dan Adam zai iya rayuwa
Don gwada wannan adadi, masu bincike a Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania a kasar Amurka sun dauki yanayin zafin jikin yara masu lafiya a wani wuri da aka turara.
An gano cewa wadanda aka yi gwajin a kansu sun kai "wani muhimmin adadi" – inda jikinsu ya kasa tsayar da karuwar zafin jiki – wato a maki 30.6 na ma'aunin Celcius wanda a nan ne yake da hadari ga rayuwa (web bulb temperatures), wato kasa da adadin baya na maki 35 a ma'aunin Celcius.
Tawagar masu binciken ta yi kiyasin cewa za a kwashi sa'a biyar zuwa bakwai kafin a kai wannan adadi "yanayin zafin yana da hadari sosai gaskiya," in ji Daniel Vecellio, wanda yana cikin masu binciken, kamar yadda ya shaida wa AFP.
Wadanda suka fi rauni
Joy Monteiro, wata mai bincike ce a Indiya, wanda a watan da ya wuce ta wallafa wani bincike a mujallar Nature, wanda ya yi duba ga yanayin zafi da zai iya jawo hadari ga rayuwa a kudancin Asiya, ta ce yawancin yanayin matsanancin zafi mai jawo hadari ga rayuwa (web bulb threshold) yana kasa da maki 35 a ma'aunin Celcius ne.
"Ya kan bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum" yadda yake jure wa zafi, in ji shi.
"Ba muna rayuwa ba ne a cikin wata na'ura – musamman yara," in ji Ayesha Kadir wata likitar yara ce a Birtaniya kuma mai bayar da shawara ga Kungiyar Save the Children.
Yara ba sa iya daidaita yanayin zafin jikinsu, abin da ke jefa su cikin babban hadari, a cewarta.
Tsofaffi ba sa yin zufa sosai, kuma su ne suka fi rauni. Kusan kaso 90 cikin 100 na mutanen da suka mutu sanadin zafi a Turai a bazarar bara akwai tsofaffi da suka wuce shekara 65.
Mutane da suke aiki a cikin rana yayin da yanayi ya yi zafi su ma suna cikin barazanar fada wa hadarin sosai.
Yanayin El-Nino
Ko mutane za su iya ko ba za su iya sanyaya jikinsu ba – misali a wuraren da akwai na'urar sanyaya daki – babban abu ne da ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi.
"Kamar galibin tasirin sauyin yanayi, mutanen da ba sa iya kare kansu daga hadarin su ne suka fi fada wa matsalar," in ji Raymond.
Nazarinsa ya nuna yanayin zafi na El Nino a baya ya kara yawan adadin zafi da zai iya zama hadari ga rayuwa (wet bulb temperature). Ana saran yanayin zafi na El Nino a shekara hudu ya kai kololuwa a karshen bana.
Yanayin zafi da ke jawo hadari ga rayuwa (web bulb temperatures) yana da alaka da yanayin zafin saman teku, in ji Raymond.
Zafin teku a duniya ya yi saman da bai taba yi ba a watan da ya wuce, ya wuce na shekarar 2016, kamar yadda kungiyar da ke sanya ido kan sauyin yanayi ta Turai (European Union climate observatory) ta bayyana.
