'Yan Turkiyya mazauna wasu kasashen ketare 73 sun fara kada kuri'a a zaben shugaban kasa da na 'yan majalisar wakilai, wato an faro tsarin zabe a dimokradiyyance da jama'a za su zabi 'yan takara ciki har da Shugaba Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
Za a yi zaben shugaban kasa da na 'yan majalisar dokoki ne a Turkiyya a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu.
Babban mai kalubalantar Shugaba Erdogan, shi ne Kemal Kilicdaroglu wanda dan takarar hadakar Nationalist Alliance ne wato shi ne hadakar 'yan hamayya ke mara wa baya kuma har ila yau jagoran jam'iyyar Republican People's Party (CHP).
Erdogan shi ne jagoran Jam'iyyar AK kuma dan takarar hadakar People's Alliance, yayin da Kilicdaroglu shi ne dan takarar hadakar 'yan hamayya wato National Alliance na kujerar shugaban kasa tare da wasu 'yan takara biyu Muharrem Ince da Sinan Oga.
A ranar 14 ga watan Mayu za a yi zaben shugaban kasa da na 'yan majalisar dokoki.
Masu sharhi da yawa suna ganin zaben fafatawa ne tsakanin jam'iyyar AK Party wato jam'iyyar 'yan kasar masu ra'ayin rikau da kuma jam'iyyar CHP, wato jam'iyyar siyasar farko a tarihin kasar wadda ta mulki Turkiyya tsakanin shekarun 1923 zuwa 1950 ba tare da fuskantar wata hamayya mai karfi ba.
A cikin shekara 100 da suka wuce Turkiyya ta yi zabuka fiye da 25 da kuma wasu kanana da zabukan shugaban kasa.
Yanzu za mu yi duba ga mafiya muhimmanci daga ciki, wadanda suka sauya alkiblar siyasar kasar:
1923
Ta fuskoki da dama, wannan zaben ne ya share hanyar tsarin siyasa karkashin shugabancin Mustafa Kemal, wani mai babban mukamin soja lokacin Daular Usmaniyya (ya musanya Kemal da Ataturk a sunansa a shekarar 1934).
Ataturk ya jagoranci Yakin Kwatar 'Yancin Kai daga daga dakarun mamaya na Girka wadanda suke samun goyon bayan wasu kasashe bayan rushewar Daular Usmaniyya yayin Yakin Duniya na Daya.
Yakin ya fara ne lokacin da wasu dakarun hadaka suka mamaye Istanbul, babban birnin Daular Usmaniyya kuma suka ci gaba da mamaye daular.
Mustafa Kemal ya bukaci Majalisar Dokokin da ta zauna a Ankara, wanda shi ne yanzu babban birnin Turkiyya don su tsara yadda za su dakile masu mamayar.
A watan Afrilun 1920, an bude Babban Ginin Zauren Majalisar Dokokin bayan an yi zabuka a yankunan da ba a mamaye ba, kuma wasu daga cikin mambobin da suka koma majalisar da zama har da wasu tsofaffin mambobi na Majalisar Dokokin Daular Usmaniyya da ke Ankara.
Majalisar ta kunshi bangarori siyasa mabambanta, ko da yake duka suna goyon yadda za a goyi bayan fatattakar dakarun mamayar.
Akwai bangarori biyu a wannan majalisa ta lokacin yaki, bangaren farko shi ne wanda Mustafa Kemal ke jagoranta da wadanda suke rufa masa baya, sai bangare na biyu dakarun kasar masu ra'ayin rikau.
Biyo bayan nasarar da aka samu a Yakin Samun 'Yanci kai, takaddama tsakanin wadannan bangarorin biyu ya sake fitowa fili a Majalisar Dokokin.
An yi zaben shekarar 1923 ne gabanin ayyana Turkiyya a matsayin jamhuriya a ranar 29 ga watan Oktoba a wannan shekarar - a gefe guda kuma ana rikicin siyasa tsakanin Mustafa Kemal da kuma jagoran 'yan bangaren siyasa wanda ya ki amincewa da Yarjejeniyar Lausanne.
Yarjejeniyar Lausanne, yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ce tsakanin gwamnatin Turkiyya da dakarun hadakar da kuma wasu muradun siyasa da bangaren farko ya bukata.
Mustafa Kemal yana da tunanin hanya daya da za a bi don kawar da adawa ita ce a rusa majalisar kuma a yi zaben gaggawa a watan Afrilun 1923.
Sai dai bangare na biyu ya kauracewa zaben inda yake ikirarin cewa rusa majalisar ya saba wa kudin tsarin mulkin kasar.
Magoya bayan Mustafa Kemal sun samu rinjaye a Babbar Majalisar Dokokin, kuma bangaren farko sai ya sauya wa kansa suna zuwa People's Party wanda kuma daga baya ya koma Republican People's Party (CHP).
Sai dai 'yan hamayyar sun sake zama karkashin jam'iyyar Progressive Republican Party (TFC) wadda gwamnatin Turkiyya ta soke a shekarar 1925.
Masana da yawa suna ganin zaben shekarar 1923 shi ne ya dasa harsashin bin tsarin jam'iyyar siyasa daya tilo har zuwa shekarar 1950, lokacin da 'yan hamayya masu ra'ayin rikau na Jam'iyyar Democratic Party suka ci zabe kuma suka hau karagar mulki, hakan ya jawowa Turkiyya komawa bin tsarin jam'iyya fiye da daya.
1950
Jam'iyyar CHP ita kadai ta mulki Turkiyya har zuwa karshen Yakin Duniya na Biyu yayin da gwamnatin Turkiyya ta hada gwiwa da Yammacin Duniya don dakile barazanar daga Kasashen Tarayyar Soviet.
A zaben 1946, a karon farko tun zaben 1920, gwamnatin Turkiyya ta bar wasu jam'iyyun siyasa kamar Jam'iyyar Democratic Party su shiga zaben.
Sai dai masu zabe sun fuskanci danniya da muzgunawa, wata dabara da Jam'iyyar CHP ke amfani da ita, wanda hakan ya sa ta samu rinjaye a majalisar saboda wata dokar zabe mai cike da kace-na-ce.
Abin mamaki ita dai wannan dokar zabe ta taimaka wa jam'iyyar Democratic Party samun gagarumin rinjaye a zaben shekarar 1950.
Zaben 1950 yana da muhimmanci sosai dangane da ci gaban Dimokradiyya a Turkiyya da kuma samar da sahihin zabe a Turkiyya.
"Matane da dama sun samu 'yanci zabar abin da suke so", wanda wannan shi ne taken jam'iyyar Democratic Party yayin kamfe din zaben shekarar 1950, kuma an dasa wannan a tsarin siyasar Turkiyya inda ya zama wata alama ta yadda kasar ta koma tsarin jam'iyyu da dama daga tsarin jam'iyya daya.
Amma a shekarar 1960, tsarin gudanar da sahihin zabe da kuma dimokradiyyar Turkiyya ta fuskanci kutse daga sojoji a shekarun 1971 da 1980 da 1997 da kuma 2007.
2002
Tsakanin juyin mulkin shekarun 1960 da 1980, jam'iyyun masu ra'ayin rikau kamar Justice Party (AP), wadda take ikirarin cewa tana bin duka tsarin dimokradiyya ta ci gaba da samun nasara inda ta rika yin rinjaye a majalisa.
Bayan juyin mulkin 1980, jam'iyyar Motherland Party (ANAP), ita ma wata jam'iyyar masu ra'ayin rikau ce ta samu rinjaye a zaben shekarar 1983.
A shekarun 1990, yayin da jam'iyyar ANAP ta rasa rinjaye, sai aka fara hada gwamnatin hadin gwiwa. An zargi wadanda suka jagoranci juyin mulkin shekarar 1989 da yunkurin soke hakan saboda sun ce hakan barazana ce ga wanzuwar lumana a kasar.
Saboda juyin mulkin shekarar 1997, fagen siyasar kasar ya kasa samun daidaito. Hakan ya sa an samu babbar jam'iyyar siyasa ta AK Party a shekarar 2001.
A shekara mai zuwa, gwamnatin hadin gwiwar ta wargaje, inda aka kira zaben gaggawa, wanda ya share wa jam'iyyar AK hanya, inda ta samu mulki bayan zaben 2002. Daga nan jam'iyyar AK Party ta mulki kasar har tsawon shekaru 20.
Zaben 2002 ya kawo karshen gwamnatin hadin gwiwa kuma hakan ya kawo karshen gwamnatin jam'iyyun ANAP da kuma True Path Party (DYP), wasu jam'iyyun biyu masu sassaucin ra'ayi na shekarun 1990, wadanda suka kasa samun kaso 10 cikin 100 na kuri'u da gwamnatin da ta biyo bayan juyin mulkin 1983 ta gindaya.
A karkashin shugabancin Erdogan mai cike da karsashi, tsohon magajin garin Istanbul wanda aka taba haramta wa shiga siyasa a karshen shekarun 1990, jam'iyyar AK ta samu rinjaye a jere a shekarun 2007 da 2011 da kuma 2015.
A shekarar 2018, hadakar Erdogan na 'yan kishin kasa masu ra'ayin rikau ya samu rinjaye a majalisa yayin da kuma a matsayinsa na jagoran jam'iyyar AK aka sake zabensa shugaban kasa bayan Turkiyya ta koma bin tsarin shugaban kasa mai cikakken iko daga tsarin faliyamantari bayan kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a ta shekarar 2017.
2023
Da yawa daga cikin masu sharhi a ciki da wajen kasar da jagororin siyasar kasar sun yi amannar cewa zaben da ke tafe zai kasance wanda za a fafata sosai bisa dalilai da dama.
Cikin dalilan har da yadda za a fafata tsakanin manyan hadakar siyasa biyu na kasar, wato People's Alliance da Shugaba Erdogan yake jagoranta, shugaba mai karfin iko da aka taba yi a tarihin Turkiyya na baya-bayan nan da kuma hadakar National Alliance da Kilicdaroglu wato jagoran jam'iyyar CHP.
"A ranar 14 ga watan Mayu, jama'a za su yi zabi tsakanin kasancewar kasarmu babbar mai fada a ji a fagen siyasar duniya ko kuma wata kasa mara muhimmanci a siyance," in ji Erdogan game da zaben watan Mayu.
"Zaben 14 ga watan Mayu yana da muhimmanci ga makomar kasarmu Turkiyya. Za ku bude shafin tarihin shekaru 100 na Turkiyya da kuri'unku," in ji Devlet Bahceli jagoran jam'iyyar MHP wanda yake mara wa Erdogan baya.
'Yan hamayya kansu sun yi amannar cewa zaben watan Mayun yana da muhimmanci ga makomar kasar.
Yayin da Erdogan yake samun goyon bayan hadakar People's Alliance da ta kunshi jam'iyyun AK Party da Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) da Grand Union Party (BBP) da New Welfare Party (YRP) da kuma HUDA-PARTY.
Ita kuma hadakar Nation Alliance ta bangaren 'yan hamayya, wadda aka wa lakabi da Table of Six, ta kunshi jam'iyyun CHP da IYI Party da Saadet Party (SP) da Gelecek Party (GP) da DEVA Party da kuma Demokrat Party.
