Daga Emmanuel Onyango da Kudra Maliro
A ƙasan wuraren da aka yi ta kashe-kashe a yankin Gabashin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Congo, DRC, wasu muhimman ma'adinai ne da ake nema ruwa a jallo a ƙasa ta biyu mafi girma a nahiyar Afirka.
Ana iya cewa ƙasar tana daya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi arziki a duniya a baya, sai dai mulkin mallaka da kuma irin mummunan rikicin da ya dabaibaye ta tun bayan yaƙin duniya na biyu sun mayar da ita baya, sannan ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe matalauta a duniya.
Kimanin mutum miliyan shida aka kashe kawo yanzu a yaƙin da kafafen yaɗa labarai na duniya ba su cika mayar da hankali a kansa ba, yayin da kimanin wasu mutane miliyan bakwai suka rasa matsugunansu sannan aka yi wa dubban mata fyaɗe.
"Duba da rikice-rikice da tashin hankula da ke ƙara tsananta a DRC, a yanzu haka kasar na daya daga cikin kasashe mafi yawan mutane da suka rasa matsugunansu a duniya," a cewar wata sanarwa da hukumar kula da 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (IOM) ta fitar a makon da ya gabata.
Galibin 'yan gudun hijirar, kusan mutum miliyan 5.6 ko kuma kashi 81 cikin 100 suna zaune ne a lardunan gabashin Kivu ta Arewa da Kudancin Kivu da Ituri da kuma Tanganyika, inda kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye da dama ke gudanar da ayyukansu, a cewar IOM.
IOM ta ce a Arewacin Kivu kadai, mutum kusan miliyan daya ne suka rasa matsugunansu.
"Sama da kashi biyu cikin uku na 'yan gudun hijirar, kusan mutum miliyan 4.8, suna zaune ne da al'ummar yankin da suka yi hijira," a cewar hukumar ta MDD.
Babban jami'in hukumar ta IOM a DRC Fabien Sambussy, ya ce: "Tashin hankali mafi girma na baya-bayan nan ya yi sanadin sake korar mutane da dama a lokaci guda fiye da yadda aka yi ta gani."
Sakamakon rikice-rikicen
Rikicin dai ya janyo asarar rayuka fiye da rikicin Yemen da kuma yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine, sai dai bai wani samu kulawar ƙasashen duniya ba.
Rikicin ya samo asali ne bayan kwan gaba kwan bayan tarihin Congo da kuma tsoma bakin ƙasashen yamma bayan mulkin mallaka.
Yanzu haka dai yankin yana dauke da dakarun ‘yan tawaye masu ɗauke da makamai da suka karkata akalarsu a gabashin kasar da aka fi sani da dimbin arzikin ma’adinai, musamman zinare da lu’u-lu’u.
Akalla ire- iren wadannan kungiyoyi sun fi gudanar da ayyukansu a yankin inda suke samun kudaden shigarsu ta hanyar iko da cinikayyar ma'adinai.
An zargi wasu yankuna maƙwabtan Congo da daukar nauyin kungiyoyin tare da ba su makamai.
Kungiyar 'yan ta'addar M23 ita ce ta fi ƙarfi a yankin. Kasar Rwanda dai ta daɗe tana musanta zargin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Amurka ke yi mata kan goyon bayan kungiyar, wanda a halin yanzu ke riƙe da yankuna da dama a gabashin Congo.
"Halin uƙuba da Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Congo ta fuskanta daga Rwanda, a karkashin inuwar 'yan tawayen M23, ya taimakawa wajen satar albarkatun ma'adanai da kuma lalata muhimman halittun dajin Virunga,'' a cewar zababben shugaban kasar Felix Tshisekedi, a yayin wani taron kare muhalli da aka gudanar a Brazzaville a watan Oktoban da ya gabata.
"Rashin zaman lafiya da ake fama da shi a DRC ya amfanar da tattalin arzikin Rwanda a ɓoye, shi ya sa Rwanda ba za ta so ta yi magana akai ba, kuma hakan ya sa DRC ta ƙi yin magana da 'yan kungiyar M23," in ji Tshisekedi.
A hirar da TRT Afrika ta yi da shi, mai magana da yawun gwamnatin Rwanda Yolande Makolo, ya yi watsi da "sanarwar ƙarya da ba a tabbatar da sahihancinta ba na karkatar da hankula daga gazawar (dakarunsu na Congo) na mutunta tsarin samar da zaman lafiya a yankin".
Daukar hankalin duniya
"Sakamakon bijirewar tsarin Nairobi karkashin jagorancin Al'ummar Gabashin Afirka da taswirar Luanda, gwamnatin DRC ta zabi bayar da makamai tare da yaƙi da kungiyoyin da ke dauke da makamai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, musamman mayakan FDLR masu kisan kare dangi, da kuma sojojin haya na ƙasashen waje" a cewar mai magana da yawun gwamnatin Rwandan.
Manyan ma'adanai masu yawa na DR Congo sun janyo hankulan kasashen da ke neman samun albarkatun daga yankin na Congo.
Kasar na samar da kashi 60 cikin 100 na arzikin cobalt a duniya. Kazalika, tana da arzikin lithium da ke zama wani muhimmin sinadari da ake hada baturan motocin lantarki, haka kuma itace daga kasar na daya daga cikin abubuwa masu daraja da kasashen yakin Asiya suka fi mayar da hankali akai.
Duk da haka, mafi yawancin haƙar wadannan ma'adinai masu daraja ana gudanar da su ne a wuraren da gwamnati ta keɓe, sannan an nuna damuwa sosai kan yadda ake take hakkin dan Adam.
A baya dai kungiyar kare hakkin ɗan'adam ta Amnesty International ta zargi manyan kamfanonin fasahar Amurka Apple da Samsung da kuma Sony da rashin gudanar da kwararan bincike don tabbatar da cewa ba a yi amfani da yara wajen haƙo ma'adinan da ake amfani da su wajen hada kayayyakinsu ba.
Sai dai kamfanonin sun bayyana cewa ba su da wani tsare-tsare da manufofi kan bautar da yara ƙanana.
Ana ganin kasuwancin ma'adinai a yankin a matsayin dalilan da ke ƙara ƙarfafa gwiwa ga ci gaban rikicin da aka shafe tsawon shekaru da dama ana yi, inda ƙungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai ke riƙe da ikon wuraren haƙar ma'adinai.
Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun sha yin Allah wadai da fataucin albarkatun kasa daga Congo zuwa wasu kasashe.
Wani rahoto da kwamitin ƙwararru na MDD ya wallafa a watan Disamba na shekarar 2020, ya bayyana cewa, "an yi amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na masu aikata laifuka wajen safarar albarkarun tin da cobalt da kuma tungsten daga wuraren haƙar ma'adinai ƙarƙashin mamayar ƙungiyoyin masu ɗauke da makamai."
A tsakiyar shekarar 2020, Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta zartar da dokar sabunta tsarin Dodd-Frank Wall Street da Consumer Protection Act, waɗanda suka buƙaci manyan kamfanonin fasaha na Amurka su bayyana asalin inda suka samu ma'adanansu.
Manufar ita ce "samar da tsarin hanyoyin tabbatar da cewa waɗannan kamfanonin ba su sayi ma'adinan da ke ba da tallafi ga ƙungiyoyi ta'addanci ba".
Sai dai kuma masana sun ce har yanzu ana ci gaba da cin gajiyar albarkatun kasar ta Congo, ga kuma rikicin da ke ci gaba da laƙume rayuka da ɓarnata rayuwar al'umma ba tare da duniya ta mayar da hankali a kai ba.
Wata mafita da ake ganin za ta iya warware rikicin ita ce kasar ta sake fayyace ƙawancenta da sauran ƙasashe a wani ɓangare na dabarun ci gaba.
Sannan abu na farko da za ta soma yi shi ne bita kan mamayar da kasashen yammacin duniya ke yi kan fanninta na haƙar albarkatun kasa.
"Kar mu bari ma'adanan Congo su ci gaba da zama tushen tashin hankalin al'ummarmu, dole ne mu tashi tsaye sosai don samar wa 'ƴaƴanmu makoma mai kyau a ƙasar," a cewar Kalonji Bilolo Tresor, wani mai fafutuka kan al'amuran da suka shafi al'umma.
