Daga Tuğrul Oğuzhan Yılmaz
Djibouti, ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen Afrika mafi ƙanƙanta ta fuskar faɗin ƙasa, Allah ya ajiye ta ne a wuri na musamman a mashigar Kogin Maliya ta kudanci kuma hanyar zuwa kogin Indiya ta arewaci.
Wannan muhimmin mazaunin da take ya zamar da ita muhimmiyar matattara ga ƙasashen da ke son faɗaɗa kasonsu na cinikayyar ƙasa da ƙasa.
A matsayinta na ƙasa mai taƙaitattun ma'adanan ƙarƙashin ƙasa, Djibouti tana samun kuɗaɗen shiga daga tashoshinta na jiragen ruwa da kuma sansanonin sojoji na ƙasashen waje da suke cikinta.
"Djibouti na da tazarar kilomita 20km daga Yemen kuma ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin ƙofar shiga Gabashin Afrika.
Ta mashigar Bab-el-Mandeb, gangunan mai guda miliyan 4.8 ke wucewa kullum, yayin da kwantenoni miliyan 28 ne ke bi ta Kogin Maliya kowacce shekara.
Wannan ita ce hanyar kan ruwa mafi hada hada ta biyu a duniya," jakadan Djibouti a Turkiyya,Aden Houssein Abdillahi ya sheda wa wani taron ƙara wa juna sani na masana a Ankara.
Kasancewar ta cibiyar hada-hadar tattalin arziƙi a wannan matsayi har ita yau ya zamar da Djibouti mai matuƙar muhimmanci ta fuskar tsaro.
"Sakamakon haka, akwai sansanonin soja guda biyar a cikin Djibouti. Babban dalilin samar da sansanin shi ne kashi 75% na mai da a ke jigila zuwa nahiyar Turai yana wucewa ne ta Bab-el-Mandeb.
Bugu da ƙari, ta wannan hanyar ce ake gudanar da cinikayya tsakanin China da Indiya da kuma Turai.
Wani dalilin shi ne, inda Allah ya ajiye Djibouti ya dace da saka ido kan al'amurra a Afrika da Gabas ta Tsakiya," Abdillahi ya bayyana.
Amurka, da Faransa,da Italiya, da Sipaniya, da Japan da kuma China suna da sansanonin sojoji a ƙasar a halin yanzu.
Rasha da Indiya, da Korea ta Kudu, da Saudiyya da kuma Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa suna suna mayar da hankali kan Djibouti a matsayin babbar jigo kan gudanar da iko na ƙasashen duniya.
Yaƙin Cacar Baka
Amurka ta kafa sansanin Camp Lemonnier, sansaninta na sojoji a Djibouti a shekarar 2002.
Da farko ya ƙunshi jami'ai 3,000 - 3,200, amma yanzu sansanin yana ɗauke da sojoji kimanin 4,500, abin da ya haɗa da sojin ƙasa, da na ruwa da kuma runduna ta musamman.
Amurka na shirin ƙara adadin nan zuwa 6,000.
Amurka na biyan Euro miliyan €56 (dala miliyan $57.7) a matsayin kuɗin hayan shekara na sansanin mai girman kadada-200 da ke kudancin filin jirgin sama na Ambouli.
Ana amfani da Sansanin Camp Lemonnier wajen yaƙi da fashin kan teku da yaƙi da ta'addaci a Kenya da Somalia da kuma Yemen,abin da ke ƙara ƙarfi iko a yankin.
Faransa, tsohuwar uwar gijiyar Djibouti zamanin mulkin mallaka ta kafa sansanin sojan nata a shekarar 1969, kafin samun ƴancin kan ƙasar a 1977.
Duk da Djibouti ta samu ƴancin kai, Faransa ta ci gaba da gudanar da sansanin sojan nata, inda tun da farko ta girke kimanin dakaru 1000. Tsawon lokaci, wannan adadin ya ƙaru zuwa ƙiyasin dakaru 2500.
Faransa na biyan Euro miliyan €30 ($30.9 miliyan)kan fili mai girman kadada-418, wanda ta ci gaba da samar da gagarumin amfani ta fuskar siyasa da tattalin arziƙi.
Sai dai kuma, ƙaruwar kasantuwar wasu ƙasashen a wurin na nuna rashin jin daɗi a Faransa.
A baya bayan nan shugaban ƙasar Faransa Emmanuel Macron ya ziyarci Djibouti domin jaddada tasirin Faransa, a lokacin da ƙasar ke fuskantar suɓucewar tasiri a faɗin yankin Sahel, inda ta rufe sansanoninta na soji ɗaya bayan ɗaya.
Italiya ta kafa sansanin sojinta mai girman kadada-10 a Djibouti a shekarar 2012, tana biyan Euro miliyan €22 (dala miliyan $22.6) a matsayin kuɗin hayar shekara.
Duk da sansanin yana da girman ajiye dakaru 300, a halin yanzu yana ajiye da dakaru 100 na musamman masu yaƙar ɓarayin kan teku da aikin kuɓutar da mutanen da aka sace.
Haka kuma spain na gudanar da ƙaramin sansani, da ke ɗauke da dakaru 50 a cikin sansanin soji na Faransa tun shekarar 2008.
Ita ma Japan ta faɗaɗa zamanta a Djibouti, ganin cewa kashi 90% na jiragenta na kasuwanci a Tekun Aden suke zirga-zirga.
Da farko tana gudanar da ayyukanta daga sansanin Amurka tare da kimanin dakaru 150-200, Japan ta kafa nata sansanin mai girman kadada-12 a shekarar 2011, tana biyan kuɗin hayar Euro miliyan €3 (dala miliyan $3.9) kowacce shekara.
Wannan sansani, na farko a wajen Japan a ƙasar waje tun Yaƙin Duniya na ll, a halin yanzu, yana ɗauke da dakaru 600 da masu taimaka gudanar da ayyuka a Yemen,da Oman da kuma Kenya.
Ana cewa Amurka ta goyi bayan zaman Japan ne domin ta kawo wa tasirin China da ke ƙaruwa tarnaƙi.
"Damuwarmu ita ce wanzuwar sansanonin sojin China da Amurka, saboda suna da muradi kishiyar juna," ɗan ƙasar Djibouti, Ali Mohamed Farah, ɗalibi mai karatun digiri na uku a fannin nazarin kimiyyar Siyasa, a jami'ar Kimiyyar Zamantakewa ta Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt, ya sheda wa TRT Afrika.
Kokawar ci gaba da riƙe iko
Farah yana ganin Faransa na ƙoƙarin ƙara ƙarfin ikonta a Djibouti, tana amfani da daɗaɗɗiyar dangantakarsu.
"Ba na tunanin za su fuskanci wata matsala wajen kafa sabo ko faɗaɗa sansanonin sojin da tun farko suna nan a Djibouti.
"Amma fa da gaske ne cewa, mutane Afrika na yi wa wanzuwar sojojin Faransa da ci gaba da tasirinta bahaguwar fahimta.
"Hakan saboda Faransa ba ta sauya tunaninta na mulkin mallaka game da ƙasashen nahiyar ba," ya bayyana.
Saboda da haka, yaya kuma yaushe al'amurra za su sauya?
"Kuɓuta daga hannun tsohuwar uwar gijiyar mulkin mallaka ba abu ba ne mai sauƙi. Yana ɗaukar lokaci. Idan ƙasashen Afrika za su samu iko sosai kuma su dogara da kansu ta fuskar tattalin arziƙi, za su samu ɗan ƴanci a siyasance.
Saboda haka, wataƙila, tasowar sababbin ƙasashe masu ƙarfin faɗa a ji kamar Turkiyya, da China, da indiya ko ma wasu daga wajen ƙasashen yammacin duniya, zai iya zama mafari," a cewar Farah.
China na yi wa Djibouti kallon wani maɗauri ne ga manufofinta na cinikayya da makamashi, inda kashi 80% na cinikayyarta da Tarayyar Turai da kuma kashi 40% na na kayayyakin da take sayowa daga waje ke bi ta Kogin Maliya da kogin Indiya.
Beijing ta narka maƙudan kuɗi wajen samar da abubuwan more rayuwa na Djibouti, da gina tashoshin jiragen ruwa kamar Doraleh, da Tadjoura da kuma Damerjog, da layukan dogo da kuma hanyoyi.
Duk da cigaba ne, amma irin waɗannan ayyukan a galibin lokaci suna barin ƙasashen Afrika da ɗimbin basussuka.
A shekarar 2015, China ta samu hurumin kafa sansanin soji a Djibouti, inda ta buɗe sansanin mai girman kadada-36 a Oback shekaru biyu tsakani,kamar yadda aka rawaito, a kan kuɗi dala miliyan $600.
Da farko yana ɗaukar jami'ai 300-400, amma yanzu sansanin na ɗaukar dakaru 2,000, tare da shirin ƙara adadin zuwa 10,000.
Sansanin yana taimaka wa sintiri, da agajin jin ƙai, da ayyukan horaswa na haɗin gwiwa da tabbatar da hanyoyin kasuwanci masu tsaro daga kogin Mediterranean zuwa kogin Pacific.
Yiwuwar haddasa rikici
"Yayin da waɗannan sansanonin suke kawo bunƙasar tattalin arziƙin Djibouti, har wa yau suna haddasa damuwa game da katsalandan ɗin ƙasashen waje a harkokin cikin gida.
"Idan aka samu rikici tsakanin ƙasashe masu ƙarfin faɗa-a-ji da ba ƴan Afrika ba, hakan zai iya zamar da Djibouti sansanin tashin hankali," Dr Hasan Aydin daga Cibiyar Nazarin Al'amuran Duniya ta Jami'ar Shanghai ya sheda wa TRT Afrika.
"Bugu da ƙari, shigar ƙasa kamar China ya taƙaita tasirin manyan ƙasashen duniya kamar Faransa, wacce dole ta janye daga sansanoninta da dama a yankin Afirka kudu da Sahara," ya faɗa.
A baya bayan nan, shugaban ƙasar Faransa Macron ya gana da takwaransa na Djibouti, Ismail Omar Guelleh, a wani yunkuri na ƙarfafa matsayin Faransa a ƙasar.
Amma saboda tsoron fuskantar fushin jama'a, wasu shugabannin Afrika da dama suna nesanta kansu daga Faransa.
Yayin da ƙarin ƙasashen Afrika ke kawo ƙarshen dangantakarsu ta soji da tsohuwar uwar gijiyarsu, tambaya a nan ita ce: ko Djibouti ce damar ƙarshe da Faransa ke da ita a Afrika?
