Daga Sylvia Chebet
A labarun almara ko na zahiri, ana cewa "sarkin dawa", wanda ke nufin wata dabba mai iko da mulki, da ke ƙololuwar muƙami a tsarin dabbobin dawa.
Kamar yadda zaki yake abin misali wanda har aka yi fim a kansa, a shahararren kamfanin masana'antar Hollywood wato MGM Studios. Zaki dabba ce da ke da matsayi a zukatanmu.
Amma a Afirka ta Kudu, zakunan da aka haifa a killace kuma ake ajiye su a yanayin zaman ƙunci, hakan ya mayar da zaki abin tausayi, inda masana kimiyya suke fargabar cewa irin wannan yanayi yana iya illata kwakwalwar zaki.
Dokta Louise de Waal, daraktar ƙungiyar Blood Lions, wadda ke kamfe don alkinta dabbobi a Afirka ta Kudu, ta ziyarci irin waɗannan wurare, kuma tana yawan samun hotuna daga masu kwarmata bayanai, da ke nuna zakuna da suka ji rauni ko kuma suke fama da cututtuka.
Ta faɗa wa TRT Afrika cewa, "Da ƙyar za ka iya gane zakuna ne, abin abin takaici ne."
Farautar ganima
Al’adar kiwata zakuna a keji ta fara ne tun a shekarun 1990, kuma ta samo asali sakamakon buƙatar masu farautar zaki. Masu kiwo suna ganin wannan a matsayin wata dama ta yin kasuwanci ba tare da rage yawan zakuna a ƙasar ba.
Cikin 'yan shekaru, shaharar wannan salon kiwo, wanda ake yi don samar da zaki don farautar ganima, inda ake zubar da jinin zaki. Ana killace zakunan a ƙananan wurare ta yadda zakuna ba su da inda za su tsere, sannan a harbe su. "Farautar irin waɗannan zakuna tana da sauƙi da araha," in ji de Waal.
Farashin da ake biya kan zakin farautar ganima abu ne da masu kiwon suke ɓoyewa. Masu rajin kare dabbobi sun yi imanin cewa akwai mabambantan farashi kan zakuna, amma manya masu yawan gashin kai mai kyan gani sun fi tsada.
Shirin dakumentari da aka yi a 2015 wanda ya ci lambar yabo, mai suna "Blood Lions: Bred for the Bullet" ya fallasa irin halin da zakuna da aka killace a keji suke ciki a Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin fim ɗin an nuna wani wuri da aka ji an nemi zaki kan dalar Amurka 5,400.
Waɗanda ke zuwa irin wannan farauta, suna ɗaukar kai da fatar zakin da muhimmanci, inda suke rataye su a bango a gidajensu. A yanzu, masu kiwata zakunan sun gano wani sabon kasuwancin sassan jikin zaki. Ƙwarangwal ɗin zaki yanzu yana da kasuwa a Kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
"Kudu maso gabashin Asiya yanki ne da galibi ake amfani da ƙasusuwan damisa wajen yin giya. Kasancewar damisa ba kasafai ake samun ta ba, samun ƙashin damisa yana ƙara wahala," in ji de Waal.
"Kasusuwan zaki sun zamo mafi kyawun abin da ya maye gurbin kasusuwan damisa da ake sakawa a wajen yin giya. Har ila yau, ana amfani da su a maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin."
Ribar ƙafa
Masu kiwata zakuna kuma suna samun ƙarin kuɗaɗen-shiga ta hanyar amfani da jariran zaki a wasannin birge masu yawon buɗe-ido, wanda ake wa laƙabi da "yi tafiya tare da zakuna". Akwai kuma wata hanyar samun kuɗi, wadda ake ba wa mutane damar zuwa su shayar da jariran zaki.
Zakuna da ake kiwata a killace a Afirka ta Kudu ana fita da su zuwa gidajen namun daji da wuraren rainon zakuna a duk faɗin duniya, amma galibi a yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
Kenan, abin da ya fara a matsayin sana’ar farautar ganima a shekarun 1990, ya zama sana’a mai matuƙar riba da tsada.
"A yanzu, muna da wurare kusan 300 da ake riƙe da aƙalla zakuna 8,000, waɗanda aka kama aka killace don kasuwanci iri-iri," daraktan fim ɗin Blood Lions ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.
Bisa ƙididdigar da hukumar Gamayyar Masu Kare Yanayi ta IUCN ta fitar, Afirka ta Kudu tana da kimanin zakuna da ke dawa 3,500, inda a duniya kuma aka ƙiyasta sun kai kusan 20,000 a duniya.
"Yawancin gonakin da ake kiwata zakuna suna da tsarin haihuwa da rainon zakuna mai samar da su da yawa," in ji de Waal. "Zakanya a daji takan haifi ɗa guda ne kacal, duk shekara biyu yawanci. Amma killatattun zakuna suna haifar har jarirai huɗu ko biyar kowane shekaru biyu. Akan kwashe 'ya'yan cikin kwanaki ko makonni kaɗan bayan haihuwa."
Ayyukan da ba su dace ba
Masu kiwata zakuna a gundumomin Limpopo, da Free State da Arewa maso yamma, suna amfani da mafi ƙanƙantar wuraren killace zakuna, wanda ke haifar da cunkoso.
"Na ga kusan fiye da zakuna 100 a cikin keji guda," in ji de Waal, yana mai nuni da cewa galiban wuraren babu ciyawa, kuma yawancinsu ba a gina musu shinge ba, don kare zakunan daga yanayi mai cutarwa.
Galibi ana ciyar da zakunan kaji ne, ba shi da wadataccen sinadaren gina-jiki, tun da farin nama ba shi da sinadirai masu gina jiki da bitamin. Ƙarancin sinadaren gina-jiki da rashin ruwa mai tsafta, ya sa zakunan suna zama cikin rama, kuma suna fama da matsalolin lafiya da dama.
"Dole ne mu yi tambaya: mene ne kyawu da dacewar azzafan yanayin kiwata dabbobin dawa, musamman dabbar dabbar daji kamar zaki, kawai don neman kuɗi?" cewar de Waal.
Doka mai zuwa
A 2018, tsohuwar majalisar ministocin Afirka ta Kudu ta yanke shawarar rufe masana'antar kiwata zaki, duk da cewa ba a aiwatar da umarnin ba.
Yayin da ƙasar ke cikin yanayin zaɓe, de Waal yana tababar ko ministan muhalli na gaba zai tabbatar da aiwatar da dokar.
"Ba mu taɓa kusantar matakin rufe masana'antar ba, amma mataki ne da ya dace. Muna ci gaba da matsa wa gwamnati lamba don ta ɗauki mataki na gaba," in ji de Waal.
Sai dai kuma, yawancin masu kare haƙƙin dabbobi sun damu da cewa babu wani shirin aiwatar da dokar mai bayyanannen lokaci.
Rahoton kwamiti na musamman na ministocin, wanda majalisar ministocin ta amince da shi, ya amince da cewa bin tsarin barin sana'ar bisa raɗn-kai shi ne mataki na farko da ya kamata a bi, domin kawo ƙarshen kiwata zakuna a killace.
"Rahoton ya yi daidai da ya ce a ƙona tarin ƙasusuwan zaki, don guje wa buƙatu masu neman ƙasusuwa daga Asiya," in ji Dokta Neil D'Cruze, shugaban cibiyar binciken namun daji a hukumar Kare Dabbobi ta Duniya.
Masu rajin kare dabbobi sun ce yawancin masu kiwata zakuna suna tara ƙwarangwal ɗin zaki. Ana yawan tare haramtattun kaya irin waɗannan a tashoshin fita da kaya, musamman filin jirgin sama na OR Tambo da ke Johannesburg.
"Masana'antar rainon zakuna a killace don kasuwanci ba ta dace da yanayin Afirka ta Kudu ba," in ji de Waal. "Idan muna kiwon zakuna a keji, ya kamata ya zama domin dalili ɗaya, wato alkinta zuri'ar zaki."
