Daga Firmain Eric Mbadinga
A wata doka ta shekarar 2002, wadda ta bayyana laifuffuka da hukunce-hukuncensu da aka gindawa jamian tsaron kasar Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Congo na cigaba da jawo muhawara a tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki a bangaren sharia, a game da hukuncin, wanda ake tanada a kan laifin daya daga cikin manyan laifukan bangaren tsaro; guduwa daga bakin daga.
Tsakanin watan Mayu da Yulin bana, an tuhuma tare da yanke wa sojoji 50 hukuncin kisa a kotun sojoji bisa samunsu da laifin cin amanar kasa.
An kama su ne da laifin guduwa daga bakin fama-laifin da aka bayyana da rashin hankali ko kuma guduwa daga bakin daga- a lokacin da sojojin suke yaki a Arewacin Kivu, inda ake ganin masu tada kayar baya na M23 suna ta kara karfi.
Da suke yanke irin wannan hukuncin, bangaren shariar na nanata cewa, doka, doka ce, domin nuni da dokar ta 024/2002 na kudin Pinal Code na jamian tsaro, wadda aka yi a 18 ga Nuwamban 2002.
Tun a lokacin ne ake ta kiraye-kirayen neman sassauci da kuma bukatar a rika kaffa-kaffa wajen amfani da dokar, amma kuma ba tare da an bude kofar guduwa daga aikin ba gaira ba dalili ba.
Masu irin wannan tunanin suna ganin cewa duk da cewa guduwa daga aikin jamian tsaro laifi ne babba, da ya kai matakin cin amanar kasar, akwai bukatar a bi da tsanaki wajen yanke hukunci.
Wasu bayyanannun kura-kurai
Don haka, me ya sa gwanatin da jamian tsaro suka fara sauraron wadannan kiraye-kiraye?
A watan Maris, Maaikatar Sharia ta DRC ta dage haramcin yanke hukuncin kisa da ta yi a baya, inda ta bayyana karuwar guduwa daga aiki da jamian tsaro suke yi a matsayin daga daga cikin abubuwan da suka sa ta yi hakan.
Kasar, wadda take Afirka ta Tsakiya ta dakatar da yanki hukuncin kisa ne a shekarar 2000.
A 13 ga Maris, a tsakuren wata sanarwar da Ministan Sharia Rose Mutombo ya fitar, ta nuna cewa an dawo da hukuncin kisa ne domin tsame maciya amanar kasa daga cikin jamian tsaron kasar, da kuma magance taaddanci da harkokin yan bindiga.
Sannan a 9 ga Fabrailun shekarar Majalisar Ministocin kasar ta amince da bukatar.
Doka ta 55 ta Kundin Penal Code na Jamian Tsaron kasar ta nuna cewa, duk wani soja ko wani wanda yake da irin matsayin soja da aka samu da laifin jawo wa kansa abin da zai sa shi ba zai iya aiki ba gangan domin samun damar guduwa daga bakin fama zai fuskanci hukunci.
Karfin hukuncin ya danganta ne da yanayin laifin da kuma lokacin da aka aikata laifin. Idan a lokacin da ake zaman lafiya ne, idan aka samu soja da laifin guduwa daga aiki, za a iya tura shi gidan yari na tsakanin shekara 10 zuwa 20, sannan ba zai yi aikin farin hula ba, ko kuma shiga siyasa na shekara 10.
Amma idan a lokacin yaki ne, ko kuma wasu lokuta na musamman da ake tsananin bukatar aikin sojan, hukuncinsa shi ne daurin rai da rai ko hukuncin kisa.
Ra'ayoyi mabambanta
A alamura da suka shafi sharia, akwai abubuwa da dama da ake lura da su kafin a dabbaka hukunci.
Sai dai a wasu lokutan, ana lura da wasu abubuwa kuma domin samar da sassauci a kan hukuncin.
A game da wannan, Albert Camus, wanda ya taba lashe kambun Nobel Prize ya bayyana a wata makala da ya rubuta mai taken, Réflexions sur la peine capitale (Tattaunawa a game da hukuncin kisa), inda ya ce "doka mai tsauri tana kawo tsaiko wajen cimma nasarar yinta.
Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Bil Adama ta Convention for the Respect of Human Rights (CRDH), ta kasar ta yi amfani da maganar Camus wajen kare sojojin da aka zarga da laifin tserewa daga aiki a kasar.
Kungiyar ta ce sai dai idan an samu sojojin da laifin hada baki da makiya kasar, amma idan ba haka ba, bai kamata a yanke wa sojan kasar hukuncin kisa ba kawai don ya tsere daga bakin daga. Kungiyar ta amince a musu hukunci, amma ba hukuncin kisa ba.
An tuhumi sama da sojoji 70 da zargin laifin guduwa daga fagen fama. Kungiyar CRDH tana ba da shawarar cewa gwamnati ta fara sauraro tare da amsa wasu muhimman bukatun sojojin kafin a rika yanke musu hukuncin kisa domin sun gudu daga aikin, inji kungiyar.
A cewar wasu masanan, albashi da yanayin aikin jamian tsaron suma wasu abubuwa ne da ya kamata a duba.
Matsayar hukuma
Da suke mayar da martani, hukumomi a kasar sun nanata cewa tilas bai kamata soja ya gudu daga bakin daga ba komai wuya ko rintsi.
Makasudin wannan taron shi ne ilimantarwa, da burin hana soji guduwa daga bakin fama, inji Kyaftin Melissa Kahambu Muhasa a tattaunawarta da manema labarai a farkon Yuli.
Bayaninta ya biyo bayan yanke wa sojoji 16 hukuncin kisa a garin Lubero da ke yankin Arewacin Kivu, bayan an samu wasunsu da laifin tserewa daga bakin daga.
Shi ma Shugaban Kasa Felix Tshisekedi ya dauki matsaya mai tsauri. Wannan lamari mara dadi, (tserewa daga fagen yaki) yana bukatar mataki mai tsauri. Duk da cewa kasar Dimokuradiyyar Jamhuriyar Congo kasa ce da take lura tare da kare hakkin dan Adam da bin doka da oda, amma ba za ta amince da sakaci ba a bangaren tsaronta, domin yana jawo barazana ga rayuwar mutane, inji shi.
Farfesa Pamphile Biyoghé, wanda yake koyarwa Ecole Normale Supérieure in Gabon's Libreville, ya amince da hukunta wadanda suke tsere daga bakin daga, amma bai gamsu da yanayin yadda ake yanke hukuncin ba a DRC.
Eh, hukuncin kisa, a laifi irin wannan, zai iya yin amfani, amma matakin ba zai hana tserwa daga aikin ba a tsakanin sojojin, inji shi a tattaunawarsa da TRT Afrika.
Dokta Houenou ya yi amannar cewa abin da takwararsa na jamia ke fada game da lamarin zai iya amfani idan aka fadada ta hanyar kara wasu tsare-tsare da babu su a dokokin kasar ta DRC.
