Daga Firmain Eric Mbadinga
Ka dauke ta a matsayin kasa mai dausayi kamar zanen kasa da ruwa, inda tsirrai da dabbobi daban-daban suke zama. Kamar wuri ne na musamman inda yanayi ke bunkasa.
Wetlands International, wata Kungiyar duniya ce da ke aiki don kula da wadannan yankuna, ta kira wuraren dausayi kamar manyan bishiyoyin cikin dausayi, dausayi mai tara ruwa, da koguna "masu zafi" saboda a matsayin wurare da ke da mahimmanci.
Suna taimakawa wajen magance manyan matsaloli kamar sauyin yanayi, asarar tsirrai da dabbobi, da karancin ruwa.
A Afirka, wadannan wuraren dausayin sun mamaye babban yanki - kimanin kadada miliyan 131!
Dokta Estelle Landrique Brun, wata 'yar Jamhuriyar Benin kuma kwararriya a fannin kula da dausayi, ta shaida wa TRT Afrika cewa, "Idan aka duba kyau, wuraren dausayi da kyau, suna tattare da alherai."
"Wadannan alheran, sun wuce maganar muhalli kawai. Sun kasance yanayi na musamman da ke ba da abubuwa masu muhimmanci kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga jin dadinmu ta hanyoyin da muke yawan kau da kai.”
Dausayi na da alfanu ga dan Adam, dabbobi da tsirrai Taken bikin tunawa da ranar dausayi ta duniya a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun wannan shekara - "Kasashen Dausayi da jin dadin dan Adam" - ya jaddada rawar da kasar dausari ke takawa a hankali.
Ganima daga Allah
Mutane suna amfani da bishiyar mangrove don abubuwa daban-daban. Suna sare su don itacen wuta, don yin abubuwa, wani lokacin ma don ado.
Har ila yau, mangroves suna ba da abinci ga mutane. Suna gida ga kifaye da yawa, kawa, ciyawa, kaguwa, da kaji, wadanda suke da dadin ci kuma suna da 'ya'ya mai yawa.
A cewar Asusun Kula da Yanayi na Duniya wato The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), mangroves tsire-tsire ne da ke tsiro a wuraren da teku ta haɗu da ƙasa. Sun zama kamar shamaki tsakanin teku da gabar tekun.
Mangroves na musamman ne saboda suna iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa wanda ke hade da gishiri da sabo. Abubuwa masu dausayi, kamar matattun ciyayi na cikin kasa, suna taimakawa don kare mu daga bala'o'i.
Lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama mai yawa, matattun ciyayin cikin kasa suna jika da ruwa mai yawa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen hana ambaliya.
A daya bangaren kuma, Mangroves suna kare bakin teku daga bala’o’in yanayi ta hanyar shanyewa da kuma tarwatsa tasirin wadannan hargitsi, wadanda galibi ke haifar da mummunar illa ga zaman mutane, musamman a yankunan bakin teku.
Wetlands International ta bayyana cewa "mangrove na iya rage barna na tsunami da kashi 90 cikin dari".
Kalubalen kulawa
Dokta Brun ta jaddada cewa mataki na farko na daukar matakai don kare ciyayi masu dausayi shi ne sanin irin rawar da wadannan halittu masu dimbin yawa ke takawa wajen raya dan Adam da muhalli.
"A cikin dausayi, babu wani abu da ya kamata a yi watsi da shi. Kowannensu yana da mahimmanci, yana taimakawa wajen haifar da ''cikar abin' ko 'tsari'. Lokacin da abu daya daga cikin abubuwan ya bace, to sauran ma na iya samun matsala. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa aka ce babu iyaka a wajen tsarin halittu," in ji ta.
A Afirka kadai, filayen dausayi sun kai kadada miliyan 131.
A Jamhuriyar Benin, kamar sauran kasashen Afirka da dama, bukatar samar da sararin rayuwa da albarkatun kasa kamar katako, mai da ma murjani na barazana ga wannan yunƙurin.
Dokta Brun ya shaida wa TRT Afrika cewa, "Yana da kyau a san cewa an samar da dokoki don kula da wuraren dausayi, amma kalubalen shi ne yadda za a aiwatar da su."
A Kudancin Benin inda aka kafa su, wadannan muhimman yanayin rayuwar su ne tushen rayuwa mai inganci ga al'ummomin yankin.
Ouémé da Mono deltas, wadanda aka san su a zaman Gandun Daji wato Reserves na Unisco Biosphere, taskokin halitta ne da ke tallafa wa ayyukan kamun kifi na gargajiya da aikin noma wadanda suka bunkasa har tsawon lokuta.
Ci gaban yawan jama'a da habakar birane sun bayyana a matsayin karin barazanar da ke tattare da wadannan wurare masu dausayi. Kalubalen sun bambanta a wasu lokuta, kamar yawan kamun kifi a cikin Ouémé delta da kuma hakar yashi a yankin Mono.
Sakamakon wani bincike da dan jarida dan kasar Benin Jean-Baptiste Hontonnou ya gudanar ya karfafa yadda mutane suka lalata ko kuma lalata wuraren dausayi a kasar da ke Yammacin Afirka.
“Wannan sirri ne a bayyane. Halin da ake ciki wani magani ne mai daci da za a hadiyewa. Su (kasashen dausayin) suna fuskantar babbar barazana daga ci gaban birane,” in ji shi.
Regulatory requirements
Dr Brun believes the Ramsar Convention needs to be enforced to arrest the degradation of wetlands.
Signed in 1971 in Iran's city of Ramsar, this treaty binds the signatory nations to the common goal of preserving wetland ecosystems that are considered crucial for biodiversity, climate regulation, and the livelihoods of local communities.
The convention's framework encourages sustainable practices and ecological stewardship, ensuring these habitats thrive and support various plant and animal life.
Benin, which has at least 2,587,342 hectares of wetlands, ratified the Ramsar Convention in 2000.
While the situation remains worrying and the task daunting, Dr Brun notes encouraging efforts by the authorities in her native country to strengthen measures to protect and manage wetland ecosystems.
"Reforms and flagship actions have been undertaken in favour of wetlands, recognising them as 'fragile ecosystems' that need protection," she says.
On January 5, 2022, the Beninese authorities notified a list of "Marine Protected Areas". There's also a ban on "Acadja" practices, which involves creating artificial habitats for fish by placing branches of shrubs and trees into a lagoon or any water body at a depth of about one or two meters.
The authorities have also cracked down on the construction of lagoon banks, besides an asphalting project to counter flooding in some of Benin's cities.
"My only plea is that leaders, decision-makers, academics, scientists, NGOs, civil society, and the public should unite to tackle the challenge of wetland protection head-on," says Dr Brun.
Given what is at stake, her argument for collective and concerted action is bulletproof. Wetlands alone comprise 30% of the world's carbon sink, twice as much as the world's forests.
Bukatun tsari Dokta Brun ya yi imanin cewa akwai bukatar aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Ramsar don shawo kan lalatar da wuraren dausayi.
An rattaba hannu a shekarar 1971 a birnin Ramsar na kasar Iran, wannan yarjejeniya ta danganta kasashen da suka rattaba hannu kan wata manufa daya ta kula da muhallin dausayin da ake ganin yana da matukar muhimmanci ga rayuwar tsirrai da dabbobi waje guda ko daidaita yanayin yanayi, da kuma rayuwar al'ummomin yankin.
Tsarin al'ada yana karfafa ayyuka masu dorewa da kula da muhalli, tare da tabbatar da cewa wadannan wuraren suna bunkasa da tallafawa rayuwar tsirrai da dabbobi daban-daban. Kasar Benin, wacce ke da akalla kadada 2,587,342 na wuraren dausayi, ta amince da yarjejeniyar Ramsar a shekara ta 2000.
Yayin da lamarin ke ci gaba da nuna barazana kuma aikin yana da ban tsoro, Dokta Brun ta lura da kokarin da hukumomi ke yi a kasarta ta haihuwa don karfafa matakan kariya da sarrafa yanayin dausayi.
"An gudanar da gyare-gyare da ayyukan da za su taimaka wa wuraren dausayi, tare da la'akari da su a matsayin 'tsarin halittu masu rauni' wadanda ke bukatar kariya," in ji ta.
A ranar 5 ga Janairu, 2022, hukumomin Benin sun sanar da jerin sunayen "Yankunan ruwa da ke karkashin kulawa".
Har ila yau, akwai haramcin ayyukan "Acadja", wanda ya kunshi samar da wuraren zama na wucin gadi don kifi ta hanyar sanya rassan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi a cikin tafki ko kowane ruwa a zurfin kimanin mita daya ko biyu.
Kazalika hukumomin kasar sun dauki matakin dakile ayyukan gine-ginen gaɓar ruwa, baya ga aikin kwalta na yaki da ambaliyar ruwa a wasu garuruwan Benin.
"Rokona kawai shi ne shugabanni, mahukunta, masu ilimi, masana kimiyya, ƙungiyoyin sa-kai, kungiyoyin jama'a, da jama'a su hada kai don tunkarar ƙalubalen kariyar gandun daji," in ji Dokta Brun.
Idan aka yi la’akari da yadda abubuwa suke, hujjarta na da karfi. Dausayi kadai ya kunshi kashi 30% na iskar kabon a duniya, wanda ya ninka na dazuzzukan duniya sau biyu.
