Daga Mazhun Idris
Omar Sakr, shahararren mai rubuta waƙa ɗan Australia, wanda tsatson Tukiyya da Lebanon ne, ya rubuta cikin hikima cewa "furucinmu mai ban sha'awa" akan ji shi wasu lokutan amma ba a gane fassararsa.
A wata waƙa da ya kira 'Na tashi da safiyar nan', ya ce a wasu saɗarori, "Kuma ka tambayi tsuntsu ko yana jin ƙunci a waƙensa, saboda ana ɗaukar furucinsa a matsayi sauti mai daɗi".
A rayuwa, kamar a harkokin fasaha, harsuna suna kamanni da kukan tsuntsu — ga daɗi amma ba a iya gane mai ake faɗa.
Xhosa wani harshe ne mai daɗn ji, fitacce saboda furucin baƙaƙensa, wanda mutane kamar miliyan 10 ke magana da shi a faɗn duniya.
Ga wanda bai san harshen ba, wani marucin waƙe ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, Siki Jo-a waƙarsa mai suna 'Click Song' don sadaukarwa ga wata waƙar harshen Xhosa da Miriam Makeba ta yi, ya ce wannan shi ne mafari.
Kalaman mawaƙin za su ja hankalinka, har ka fara kaɗa hannaye da ƙafafuwanka yayin da furucin kalomomi masu amo ke shiga kunnuwanka.
Harshen Xhosa kenan. Da jin sa zai burge ka, duk da bayan burgewa akwai abubuwan a;'ajabi tattare da wannan harshen.
Alaƙar harshe
Xhosa ɗaya ne cikin harsunan hukuma guda 12 da ake amfani da su a Afirka ta Kudu, inda aka sabunta tsarin mulkin ƙasar a watan Yulin 2023 don saka harshen kurame salon Afirka ta kudu cikin jerin harsuna ƙasa.
A wannan ƙasa mai tarin harsuna wadda ke da al'umma miliyan 60, wadda kuma ake wa laƙabi da "Bakangizo" saboda yawaitar jinsi da al'ummominta, harshen Xhosa ko isiXhosa shi ne na biyu a yawan al'umma bayan jinsin masu magana da harshen Zulu.
isiXhosa ɗaya ne cikin harsunan gidan Nguni, kuma masu magana da Xhosa sun fi yawa a yankunan gabashin Cape.
A harshen isiXhosa, suna Afrika ta Kudu "Mzansi", wanda aka samo daga masdarin kalmar "uMzantsi", mai ma'anar "kudu".
"Cike giɓin da ke tsakanin harsuna yana buƙatar amfani da fasaha," in ji Cael Marquard, wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu mai magana da Ingilishi, wanda ya koyi harshen isiXhosa a babbar makarantar sakandare, sannan ya fara karantar harshen a jami'a.
Cael yana alfahari da kasancewarsa mai nazartar isiXhosa kuma mai fafutukar kare shi. Yana da kishin ɗaukaka harshen a Intanet ta hanyar fassara abubuwa zuwa harshen, inda ya samar da ƙamus ɗin isiXhosa na intanet.
Danna ka koya
A cewar shafin bayanai na ƙamus ɗin mai suna isiXhosa.click, an ce ƙamus ɗin kyauta ne, kuma kowa zai iya shigar sa, kuma yana da sauƙin amfani ga masu koyon harshen.
Tawagar waɗanda suka gina masu shafin, wadda ke ƙarƙashin Cael, tana birnin Cape, kuma suna da burin samar da masu amfani da shafin abubuwa da za su oyi harshen isiXhosa a kan intanet.
"Sakamakon tarihin mulkin mallaka da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, harshen Xhosa ya kasance a ɓoye daga idon duniya. Har yanzu yana da ƙarancin yaɗuwa. Muna ƙoƙarin gina abubuwa a intanet don sauƙaƙa koyon harshen," in ji ɗalibin, wanda ke karantar ilimin kwamfutaa jami'ar University of Cape Town.
Ƙamus ɗin wanda ke kan intanet, an gina shi saboda ƙarancin abubuwa a harshen isiXhosa wanda ake samu kyauta, kuma masu inganci.
Cael ya yi nuni da cewa babbar manufar ita ce sauƙaƙa koyon harshe ga masu koyo ta yadda za su samu ƙwarewa cikin sauƙi.
Ya faɗa wa TRT Afrika cewa, "Yawanci wanda muke aikin masu koyon isiXhosa ne, wanda hakan yana taimaka wa wajen inganta amfani da ƙamus ɗin. Muna kuma aiki tare da masu magana da harshen na asali".
Salon neman ƙari
Kamar shafi nau'in wiki, shafin isiXhosa.click yana samun tallafin al'umma, kuma yana samun ƙarin bayanai daga salon taimakekeniya. Masu amfani da harshen da maziyarta suna iya miƙa shawarar sabbin kalmomi cikin tsari.
Cibiyar haɓaka harsuna ta Afirka ta Kudu, wato South African Centre for Digital Language Resources (SADiLaR) ta taimaka da kuɗi wajen yin aikin, domin sauƙaƙa koyon harshe.
"Don tabbatar da inganci, ana duba kalomomin da aka bayar da shawarar saka su, ta tsarin tantancewa kafin karɓar su, kuma ana iya inganta kalmomin ta ƙara bayanan nahawu da misalan jumla," in ji Cael.
Ƙamus ɗin ana iya binciko kalmomi cikin harshen Ingilishi ko isiXhosa, inda yake bayyana amsoshi da zarar ka buga rubutu. yana da kalmomi sama da 3,000, kuma kawai za ka buɗe asusu ne idan kana son ba da shwarar sabuwar kalma don sakawa a ƙamus ɗin.
Ƙamus ɗin isiXhosa.click yana taimakon ɗaliban wajen koyon kalmomi da cike giɓin fahimta. An buga bayanai kan ƙamus ɗn a maƙalar taron AfriLex 2024 da ƙungiyar African Society of Lexicography ta shirya.
An kuma nuna ƙamus ɗin a shafin SADiLaR, na jami'ar University of Cape Town, ɓangaren Digital Open Textbooks for Development (DOT4), da kuma shafin rumbun bayanai na dijital na cibiyar Rising Voices.
