Daga Takunda Mandura
A tsawon shekaru, Zimbabwe ta sha fama da matsalar ficewar ma’aikata zuwa kasashen ketare domin neman aiki yi inda fannin kiwon lafiyar kasar ke zama daya daga cikin fannonin da suka fi fuskatar wannan matsalar.
Bangaren dai ya fada cikin mawuyacin hali yayin da karancin albashi da yanayin aiki ke sa kwararrun ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya yin kaura zuwa wasu kasashe.
Bayanai daga hukumomi na nuni da cewa akalla ma'aikatan lafiya 4,000 ne suka bar kasar tun daga watan Fabarairun shekarar 2021.
Dakatar da ficewar ma’aikatan na zama babban kalubale da gwamnatin kasar ke fuskanta domin yin hakan tamkar take 'yancin 'yan kasa ne, kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanada.
Yawan ficewar ma’aikatan na kara zama abin damuwa ga gwamnati.
A cewar kungiyar likitocin Zimbabwe, kasar na da likitoci 3500 kawai wadanda ke aikin kula da al'ummar kasar miliyan 15.
Bayanai daga Ofishin cikin Gida na Birtaniya sun yi nuni da cewa, a halin yanzu Zimbabwe tana cikin manyan kasashe biyar da ke neman takardar shaidar tafiya wato ‘bizar’ kwararrun ma'aikata.
Fiye da kwararrun likitoci 8,300 ne Birtaniya ta ba su bizar aiki tsakanin 2019 da Satumba 2022.
Horar da ma'aikata
Tun kafin wannan salo na ficewar ma’aikata ya yi kamari, Zimbabwe na fama da matsalar cike gibin da ake bukata na likitoci 10,000 don kula da al'ummarta kamar yadda ka'idojin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) suka bukaci a yi.
Duba da yawan kwararrun likitocin kasar da ke aiki a kasashen waje a yanzu, gwamnati Zimbabwe tana neman gudunmawar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da wasu hukumomi don biyan kudaden ba da horo ga ma'aikatan lafiya ta hanyar biya madaidaiciyar diyya ko hadin gwiwa wajen biyan kudin.
A watan Janairun 2023, an zartar da wata doka wacce ta tanadi cewa kwararru a fannin kiwon lafiya na iya yajin aiki na tsawon kwanaki uku kawai saboda muhimmancin ma’aikatar.
Yawan yajin aikin da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ke yi na tsawon shekaru ya kawo cikas ga ayyukan kiwon lafiyar jama'a a Zimbabwe duk da cewa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya sun kasance cikin mawuyacin hali sakamakon tabarbarewar kayayyakin aiki da karancin magunguna.
'Laifi'
Mataimakin shugaban kasar Zimbabwe, kuma ministan lafiya da kula da kananan yara na kasar Dr Constantino Chiwenga ya bayyana cewa gwamnatin kasar na shirin ayyana daukar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na Zimbabwe da wasu kasashe ke yi a matsayin laifi.
Yana mai kwatanta matakin hakan da kuma hanyoyin da kasashen ke bi wajen daukar ma’aikatan a halin da ake ciki a matsayin laifi na 'cin zarafin bil adama.'
"Idan da gangan wani ya dauki ma'aikata aiki, ya sanya kasa cikin wahala, hakan ba karamin laifi aka aikata ba na cin zarafin bil'adama.
"Domin mutane suna mutuwa a asibitoci saboda babu ma'aikatan jinya da likitoci, dole a dauki wannan batu da mahimmanci," a cewarsa cikin watan Afrilun da ya gabata.
"Zimbabwe na kalubalantar wannan danyen aika-aika wanda laifi ne na take hakkin dan Adam babba," in ji shi.
Sai dai mutane da dama sun zargi gwamnati da rashin inganta fannin kiwon lafiyar kasar inda a kullum ma’aikata ke korafin karancin albashi da kuma tabarbarewar cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.
Halin da tattalin arzikin kasar ke ciki da yawan hauhawar tsadar rayuwa na daga cikin dalilan da ke haifar da ficewar ma’aikata zuwa wasu kasashe.
A daya banagaren su ma kasashen da ke daukar ma'aikatan na fama da matsanancin yanayi saboda karancin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya.
Misali, a shekarar 2022, 'yan majalisar dokokin Burtaniya sun gano cewa Ingila na fama da karancin ma'aikatan jinya da ungozoma sama da 50,000 da kuma likitocin asibiti 12,000.
Zimbabwe na daya daga cikin kasashe takwas da aka fitar da sunayensu a watan Maris na 2023 wadanda WHO ta saka cikin jerin kasashen da ke bukatar tallafi da tsaro a fannin kiwon lafiya.
Daga cikin kasashe 55 da ke cikin jerin kasashen da ke fama da wannan matsalar, 37 na daga yankin Afirka da WHO ke aiki, takwas kuma suna yankin yammacin tekun Pasifik, shida kuma a yankin Gabashin Bahar Rum, uku na yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, daya kuma a nahiyar Amurka.
A karkashin wannan sabon tanadi, kasashen yamma da suka ci gaba za su iya daukar kwararru ne kawai bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin gwamnati da gwamnati.
A baya dai, kwararru a fannin kiwon lafiya kan iya neman bizar ma'aikatan lafiya kuma su samu karbuwa a kasashe irin su Burtaniya da Australia da Amurka da Kanada da dai sauransu.
Gurguncewar tsarin aiki
"Ma'aikatan lafiya sune kashin bayan kowane tsarin kiwon lafiya, amma duk da haka kasashe 55 da ke da tsarin kiwon lafiya mafi rauni a duniya ba su da isasshen kudi kuma da yawa daga cikinsu na rasa ma'aikatansu na kiwon lafiya zuwa sakamokon kaura da suke yi zuwa kasashen," a cewar Darakta Janar na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesuss yayin da ya ke kokawa kan batun.
A farkon wannan watan ne, shugaban Zimbabwe Emmerson Mnangagwa ya ce ayyukan lafiya da ake bukata a kasar sun gurgunce saboda yadda ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ke ci gaba da barin kasar ba kakkautawa.
“Ya’yanmu likitoci da ma’aikatan jinya da kuma akantocinmu; kwararru ne da wasu kasashe ke daukar su saboda suna da ilimi, kasashen irinsu Ingila da Australia da Kanada da Amurka ne suke daukar su,” in ji shugaban.
Sai dai ma'aikatan lafiyar kasar sun bayyana wannan mataki na shigar da Zimbabwe cikin jerin kasashen da za su ci gajiyar tsarin WHO na takaita daukar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya daga kasashen waje a matsayin babban koma baya ga kwararrun kiwon lafiya a kasar.
“Ana ganin sakacin gwamnati wajen daukar gwararan matakai na halin da ma’aikatan jinyar kasar ke ciki, fiye da duba musabbabin dalilan da ke haifar da wannan matsalar, akwai wasu dalilai dama da ke sanya kwararrun ma’aikatan zuwa wasu kasashe ciki da karancin albashi.
"Abin da dukkanmu muke tsammanin gwamnati za ta yi shi ne ta gaggauta magance matsalolin da suka shafi hakan, "in ji Sakatare-Janar na kungiyar kwararrun ma'aikatan jinya ta Zimbabwe, Douglas Chikobvu.
Kudaden shiga daga kasashen waje
Duk da cewa kasar Zimbabwe na ci gaba da fuskantar matsalar ficewar ma’aikatanta, sai dai kudaden da ake turawa kasar daga kasashen waje ya kai kashi 16 cikin 100 na kudaden ketare da kasar ke samu kuma alkaluman na dada karuwa.
A cewar babban bankin kasar ‘Reserve bank of Zimbabwe’, ‘yan kasar da ke kasashen waje sun aiko da dala biliyan 1.66 a shekarar 2022 daga dala biliyan 1.43 a shekarar 2021.
Hukumomi sun yi imani da cewa idan kwararru suka tsaya a gida, ribar za ta fi yawa ga kasar.
Nahiyar Afirka ita ta fi kowacce nahiya karancin al’umma a duniya inda miliyoyin matasanta ke neman aikin yi a duk shekara - da yawa suna yin hijira zuwa wajen nahiyar.
Wani rahoton Bankin Duniya ya ce, bakin haure daga Afirka sun ninku a tsakanin shekarar 1980 zuwa 2019, inda adadinsu ya kai miliyan 30.6. Da ke wakiltar kusan kashi 3% na yawan al'ummar nahiyar.
Shekaru da dama, ana mutunta tsarin ilimin Zimbabwe a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau a Afirka wanda ya samar da manyan kwararru a nahiyar - godiya ga gwamnatin tsohon shugaban kasar Robert Mugabe.
Har yanzu dai ba a bayyane yake ba ko matakan da Zimbabwe ta dauka za su kawo karshen ficewar ma'aikatan lafiya daga kasar ba.
Yayin da kasar da ke kudancin Afirka ke ci gaba da kokarin rike kwararrun masananta, masu lura da al'amura yau da kullum sun ce babbar mafita hakan ta'allaka ne a cikin kasar - inganta yanayin aiki da suka hada da gyara tsarin albashi da wuraren kiwon lafiya da kuma nuna kishin kasa a ko wanne mataki.
