Ɗaruruwan mutane sun mutu kana miliyoyi sun rasa matsugunansu yayin da ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani ta mamaye Afirka—wanda ta faru sakamakon fari mai tsanani wanda ya lalata yanayin rayuwa

Lamarin da ba kasafai ake samun irinsa ba, yanzu ya zama wani ɓangare na yanayi mai tsanani a faɗin nahiyar, inda ƙasashe wadanda ke fama da fari suka koma fuskantar ruwan sama mai ƙarfi, da guguwa, da kuma ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani.

"Abin da muke gani a sassan yankin Kudanci, Gabashi da kuma Tsakiyar Afirka wani yanayi ne da aka tattara bayanai kan yanayi wanda aka fi sani da ‘whiplash’: inda ake samun saurin sauyi daga fari mai tsawo zuwa ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani a cikin yanayi ɗaya ko a jere,’’ kamar yadda Marie Roseline Belizaire, Shugabar Sashin Bayar da Agajin Gaggawa ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta shaida wa Trt Afirka.

Yanayin da yankin ya fuskanta a kwanan nan ya bayyana labarin sosai, Alal misali Kudancin Afirka ya fito daga mummunan fari na El Niño a 2023-2024 — ɗaya daga cikin mafi muni da aka taba gani a cikin shekaru da dama — sai kuma ya faɗa cikin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ambaliya da ke da alaƙa da La Niña a ƙarshen 2025 da kuma farkon 2026.

Sauyin yanayi cikin sauri

Tsakanin tsakiyar watan Disamban 2025 zuwa Fabrairun 2026, ambaliyar ruwa da guguwa sun shafi rayuwar kimanin mutane miliyan 1.9, sun yi sanadiyyar mutuwar fiye da mutane 370, sannan sun raba fiye da 175,000 da muhallansu—musamman a Mozambique, Madagascar, da Afirka ta Kudu.

Duk da haka, ɓarnar ta zarce iya gidaje da suka nutse da hanyoyi da suka lalace.

Kazalika, ambaliyar ruwa na katse hanyoyin samun ayyukan kiwon lafiya, tana gurɓata ruwan sha, da kuma lalata tsarin tsaftar muhalli. Bayan haka, ana samun ɓarkewar cututtuka kamar kwalara, da gudawa, da zazzabin cizon sauro, da cututtukan da uska shafi numfashi.

Haka kuma an samu tsaiko a tsarin kula da yara na yau da kullun da na iyaye mata, da karɓar maganin HIV da na tarin fuka, da shirye-shiryen riga-kafi.

"A takaice dai, ba wai kawai al'ummomi suna rasa rayuwa da matsuguni ba ne; suna kuma fuskantar manyan matsaloli na lafiya," in ji Belizaire.

"Ɓarkewar cutar kwalara da aka kusan shawo kanta a Mozambique ta sake ɓulla bayan ambaliyar ruwa, kuma har yanzu ana ci gaba da fama da ita. Haka kuma ana daɗa fama da zazzaɓin cizon sauro na Maleriya a Namibia, da Zimbabwe da kuma Malawi."

Ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da abin ya fi shafa ita ce Mozambique, wacce take da kusan rabin adadin yawan waɗanda abin ya shafa a faɗin yankin.

A martanin da ta mayar, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) tana aiki kafaɗa da kafaɗa da gwamnatoci da abokan hulɗa don rage raɗaɗin bala’o’in.

Da zarar wani bala'i ya afku, ƙungiyoyi suna hanzarta tantance ɓarnar da kuma samar da kulawa ta lafiya — suna tura tsarin sa ido kan cututtuka, tare da samar da magungunan tsayar da cutar kwalara da sauran muhimman abubuwa, da kuma kafa asibitoci tafi-da-gidanka da kuma samar da ruwa da tsafta a wuraren da ‘yan gudun hijira ke zaune. An kuma ba da fifiko ga mata masu ciki da jarirai.

"Jigon ayyukan shi ne a ceci rayuka yayin da ake ƙoƙarin hana sake afkuwar bala’i na biyu wanda ɓarkewar cututtuka da kuma katse ayyukan da suka zama dole suke haifarwa," in ji Belizaire.

Amma girman ƙalubalen yana ƙaruwa. Afirka na fama da ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin kiwon lafiya a duniya, inda take da kusan kashi 60% na manyan bala’o’in da suka faru - fiye da sau 100 a kowace shekara.

Waɗannan ƙalubalen sun haɗa da ɓarkewar cututtuka da bala'o'in yanayi da kuma matsalolin jinƙai, waɗanda galibi ke faruwa a lokaci guda.

A irin wannan yanayi, shugabar sashen gaggawa na WHO a Afirka ta jaddada cewa shirye-shiryen gaggawa ba zaɓi bane ga nahiyar. Yana da mahimmanci wajen kare rayuka - gano barazanar da wuri, da ɗaukar matakai cikin sauri, da kuma kiyaye muhimman ayyukan kiwon lafiya.

Kuɗaɗen kiwon lafiya

Sai dai, ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da ake fuskanta shi ne ƙudi. A cewar Belizaire, matsalar ba wai kawai ta rashin albarkatu ba ne, har ma da rashin fifiko.

"Har yanzu ana samun kuɗaɗen gaggawa na kiwon lafiya ne ta hanyar roƙo da kuma buƙatun gaggawa, maimakon a ɗauke su a matsayin manyan jari na al’umma da ke da mahimmanci ga tsaron ƙasa, kwanciyar hankali da na tattalin arziki, da haɗin kai na al’umma," in ji ta.

Ta kuma bayyana cewa, dole gwamnatocin Afirka su wuce matakin alƙawari kawai, su aiwatar da yarjejeniyar Abuja, wajen ware kuɗaɗe daga cikin gida don shirin ko-ta-kwana kan lafiya.