Daga Firmain Eric Mbadinga
Mu ne abin da muke ci, a cewar wani rahoto mai taken “Plates, Pyramids, Planet” da Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana tana mai nuni da cewa abin da mutane ke ci da kuma yadda ake samar da abincin yana shafar duniya kamar yadda suke shafar lafiyar al’umma.
Kazalika rahoton ya tabo alaƙar da ke tsakanin tsarin samar da abinci da halayen cin abinci. Ma’ana, mutane gaba ɗaya suna cin abincin da ake samarwa ko wadatar da su daga ɓangaren duniyar da suke zaune.
Kasar Madagascar dake tsibirin Gabashin Afrika ba kawai tana mayar da hankali ba ne wajen sanya kifi a kwanon abinci amma a matsayin tushen farko na abinci mai gina jiki, tare da fadada ayyukan inganta noman halittun ruwa a matsayin wani bangare na dabarun bunkasa samar da albarkatun abincin cikin gida.
A shekarar 2012, ma’aikatar kamun kifi ta Madagascan ta ƙafa aniyyar samar da aƙalla tan 307,000 na kifi a duk shekara, bisa tsarin wasiƙar Blue Policy.
“Daya daga cikin maƙasudin tsarin guda biyar na wannan takarda ita ce biyan buƙatun cikin gida tare da ƙara yawan fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare,” kamar yadda Hantanirina Rasoamananjara, daraktan ma’aikatar kula da haliyyun cikin ruwa ta kasar ta shaida wa TRT Afrika.
A shekarar 2015 aka samar da tsarin, wanda ke zama wani muhimmin mataki na dorewar amfanin teku da magudanar ruwan ƙasar.
Manufar ta bayyana “Tsarin Tattalin Arzikin ruwa” ta hanyar samun amfanin albarkatun cikin ruwa da ƙasa don haɓakar tattalin arziki tare da kiyaye waɗannan halittu, musamman wuraren zamansu da jinsi da irinsu.
Tun daga lokacin ne gwamnatin Madagaska ta aiwatar da dabaru da dama don cimma manufofin tsarinta guda biyar da aka zayyana a cikin takardar "Blue Policy Letter," wadanda duk suka yi daidai da manufofinta masu alaka da sauyin yanayi.
“Akwai wani shiri na kasa da aka samar don bunkasa kiwon halittun cikin ruwa wanda aka fara aikin da shi shekaru uku da suka gabata, kuma za a ci gaba da aamfani da shi har zuwa 2030.
Akwai kuma wasu dabaru daban-daban a tsarin takardar ‘Blue Economy’, kamar daidaita sauyin yanayi da kiwon halittun ruwa a kasa da kuma zuba jari na kasa.
Muna kuma da tsarin ci gaban holothuriculture (noman kokwamba na teku) da kuma tsarin kiwo (renon irin carp),” in ji Rasoamananjara.
Waɗannan matakan tsarin sun biyo bayan shirye-shiryen da gwamnati da wasu abokan huldarta suka dauka don samun ci gaba, ciki har da Bankin Raya arzikin Afirka da wasu abokan huldarta daga yankin Yammancin duniya.
An raba shirye-shiryen a yankuna 11 daga cikin 23 na ƙasar waɗanda suka hada da - Analamanga da Atsimo Andrefana da Anosy da Androy da Amoron’i Mania da Boeny da Diana da Fitovinony da Ihorombe da Matsiatra Ambony da kuma Sofia.
Haɗin samfura
A yankin Atsinanana, an kafa tsarin kiwon kifayen Tilapia de l’Est a shekarar 2014 don haɓaka kimiyar ayyukan kula da nau’in kiwon irin kifayen da suka baiwa ƙungiyar sunanta.
Yankin na ɗaya daga cikin Yankuna 11 na d’Emergence Piscicoles (yankunan halittun ruwa masu tasowa) da ke aiki a matsayin cibiya wacce aka tsara ta don noman kifi a yankuna daban-daban na Madagascar.
“Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwarmu tana gudanar da ayyukanta a ƙasa tare, kuma don amfanin masu kiwo da kuma masu saye don ci, ”kamar yadda Félicité Ahitantsoa, manajan darakta na haɗin gwiwar tilapia ta shaida wa TRT Afrika.
“Tsarinmu ya kuma hada sa ido da tallafi a tsawon lokacin da za a kwashe, har zuwa samar da lamuni don abubuwan da ake bukata a lokacin da za a kwashe na aikin kiwon kifayen.
Har ila yau, muna ba da tallafi don jigilar shigo da fitar da kayayyaki daga gonaki, daga karshe har da sayar da kifayen nan Tilapia,” in ji Félicité.
Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas wadanda suke yankin kuma a karkashinta da suka ƙunshi kusan masu sana’ar 500, ciki har da matasa da mata da masunta na gargajiya.
A fadin kasar baƙi daya, akalla mutane 5,600 ne aka horar da su kan kiwon halittu iri daban-daban daga wani bangare na shirin.
Haɓaka abincin mai gina jiki
Shirye-shiryen kiwon halittun cikin ruwa na Madagaska yana da matukar mahimmanci wajen samar da abinci mai gina jiki da ya samu goyan bayan dabarun tattalin arziki.
A wasu kauyuka da dama dake gundumar Ambaosary na yankin Anosy, kungiyar likitoci ta Médecins Sans Frontières ta fitar da wani rahoto da ke cewa, “kashi 28 cikin 100 na yara ƴan kasa da shekaru biyar na fama da tsananin wani nau’in rashin abinci mai gina jiki, inda kashi uku daga cikinsu ke cikin mummunan yanayi, da ke nufin haɗari babban mutuwa”.
Amma a zahiri waɗannan matakai sun ƙarfafa hanyoyin samar da nau’in kifayen da babu su da yawa don amfanin gida da kuma fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje.
“Noman kifin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cimma manufofi daban-daban - abinci mai gina jiki, samar da ayyukan yi, da kuma kawar da talauci.
Wannan fannin ya dace da ƙasa da kuma bukatunmu na yau da kullun. Madagascar tana da koguna 40 da hekta 150,000 na ruwa da suka dace da noman kifi,” in ji Rasoamananjara.
Yawan kifin da kowane mutum ya ke ci a Madagascar a halin yanzu ya kai Kilogram 7 idan aka kwatanta da kilogram 11 a Afirka.
Tun daga shekarar 2018, noman da ake samarwa a shekara ya karu zuwa tan 140,000 na nau’ikan kifi iri-iri.
A bana, hukumomi sun yi shirin rarraba iri 125,000 a tsakanin masu kiwo.
Kalubalen sauyin yanayi
Duk da cewa noman kifi ya samu karbuwa a matsayin wani tsari na tattalin arziki, matsalar sauyin yanayi yana tasiri ga ci gaban sashen.
Fari a wasu yankuna da munanan guguwa a wasu wurare suna daga cikin ire-iren ƙalubale da bangaren ya fuskanta a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, inda suke salwantar da ruyaka tare da haifar da barna.
A farkon shekarar bana, guguwar Alvaro mai zafi ta kashe mutane 19 tare da shafar mutane sama da 32,000 a yankin Fitovinony kudu maso gabashin kasar.
A bara, guguwar Freddy ta yi sanadin kashe a kalla mutane 15 tare da lalata gidaje 1,000 da kuma raba mutane fiye 40,000 da matsugunansu.
A shekaru shida da suka wuce matsalar sauyin yanayi na fari ya kasance wani bangare da ke janyo ɓarna a Kudancin kasar.
