Daga Susan Mwongeli
Tsarin sanya wa wata sabuwar ƙwayar cuta suna, ya wuce binciken kimiyya da bayyana yanayin haɗarin cutar.
Kamar yadda bullar cutar ƙarshe da ta girgiza duniya ta yi ta sauya wa daga "Novel coronavirus" zuwa "2019-nCoV" zuwa "Covid-19" zuwa wani nau'i cutar - Delta da Alpha, da Omicron da wasu ƙari - ƙasashen da ke ƙoƙarin daƙile yaɗuwar cutar sun fahimci cewa kasashen da ke haɗe ba su da wata mafita.
Wuhan na kusa da ko ina. A yayin da sabuwar ƙwayar cutar Mpox ta bullar wadda nau'inta na Clade I ya bayyana, gaskiyar ta fito fili.
Wannan ba barazana ba ce kawai da ta shafi nahiya ɗaya, wannan wani mumunar al'amari ne na gaggawa da ke barazana ga lafiyar jama'a a duniya.
Nau'in cutar Clade 1 ta fara bulla ne a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo a shekarar 2023, inda aka tabbatar da cewa dubban mutane sun samu kamu da ita, yayin da ta kashe daruruwan mutane tun daga lokacin.
Mpox na ci gaba da yaɗuwa a Afirka da kewayanta. A ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Afirka (Africa CDC) ta ayyana Mpox a matsayin ''wacce ce barazana ga lafiyar jama'a".
Fiye da wata guda bayan nan, ƙasashe da dama da ke wajen nahiyar suka fara ba da rahoton bullar wannan cuta mai saurin yaduwa wadda ke da alamu irin na cutar sankarau.
Baya ga DRC, da Burundi da Kamaru da Jamhuriyar Tsakiyar Afirka, da Ghana da Cote d'Ivoire, da Kenya, da Laberiya, da Mozambique, da Nijeriya, da Rwanda, da Afirka ta Kudu, da Uganda, da Maroko duk sun samu bullar cutar Mpox, ciki har da mace-mace.
An kuma samu rahoton bulllar Mpox a ƙasar Sweden, da Philippines, da Thailand, da Pakistan, da kuma Indiya.
"Wannan ba batu ne da ya shafi Afirka kawai ba, Mpox barazana ce ga duniya, barazanar da ba ta san iyaka, ko kabila, ko akida ba," in ji Dr Jean Kaseya, babban darektan CDC na Afirka.
Bullar cuta akai-akai
An fara gano Mpox ne a jikin birai da aka keɓe su don yin bincike a Copenhagen da ke ƙasar Denmark a shekarar 1958.
An gano mutum na farko da ya kamu da cutar a shekarar Kongo. Tun daga wannan lokacin akae yi ta samun barkewar cutar akai-akai a ƙasashen duniya, musammamn a Yammacin Afirka da Tsakiyar Afirka.
Ƙwayar cutar na yanzu shi ne wanda ya fi haɗari ta fuskar yaduwa da tasirinsa.
Lukanga Bugala, mazaunin garin Goma da ke gabashin DRC, bai yi zargin komai ba a lokacin da ya ga wani abu kamar ''ƙurji ya fito masa'' a kan fata idonsa.
"Na sanya wasu magunguna a wurin, tare da yakinin cewa zai warke. Amma sai wasu kuraje suka kara fesowa, daga nan ne na yanke shawarar zuwa asibiti, inda aka ce min wannan cuta ce da ake iya yaɗata," kamar yadda ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.
Mpox na yaɗuwa ta hanyar wata fata zuwa wata da ke ɗauke da cutar ko dabba, a wasu lokutan har daga wuraren da ba su taɓa ba. Masana sun ce ɓera suma suna ɗauke da kwayar cutar.
''Mpox, cuta ce da aka yi wasti da ita. An mayar da ita a matsayin cutar mutanen Afirka ,'' a cewar Darka Sharmila Shetty, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kiwon lafiya a yaƙin neman samar da riga-kafi na MSF.
Waɗanda suka fi haɗarin kamuwa da cutar sun haɗa da mutanen da jikin su ke da rauni wajen ƙarba riga-kafi, da kuma jarirai, da mata masu ciki. Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya ma suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar.
A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), maza masu neman 'yan'uwansu maza ma suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar Mpox, wanda yawanci ke bayyana kansa da kuraje da zazzabi, da ciwon makogwaro, da ciwon kai, da kuma ciwon jiki.
Sauran alamun sun haɗa da ciwon baya, da ƙarancin kuzari, da kumburin kafa da bushewar fata.
Nau'in cuta mafi muni
Daga cikin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cutar biyu, Clade I da II, na farko ya fi tsanani kuma yana saurin haifar da mace-mace.
"A bayyane yake cewa ana buƙatar haɗin kai na kasa da kasa don dakile barkewar cutar tare da ceton rayuka," in ji babban darektan WHO, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, yayin da yake magana game da bullar sabon nau'in cutar.
A shekarar 2022, WHO ta ayyana Mpox a matsayin wacce ke barazana ga lafiyar duniya a yayin da ake ta samun samu kamuwa da nau'in cutar na Clade II.
An janye wannan ƙiran gaggawar ne a watan Mayun 2023 bayan adadin mutanen da ke kamuwa da cutar sun ragu, sai kuma ga shi Afirka ta ba da rahoton bullar wata sbuwar cutar. Kwararru da dama sun ce kawo karshen wannan ƙiran gaggawar mataki ne da ya yi wuri.
DRC, wacce ta kasance cibiyar ƙwayar cutar, ta kara zama wuri mai rauni la'akari da tsawon shekarun da aka kwashe tana fuskanatar tashe-tashen hankula na masu rike da makamai da kuma wadanda suka rasa matsuguninsu.
A wannan shekarar kadai, kasar ta sami fiye da mutane 27,000 da ake zargi da kamuwa da cutar ta Mpox da kuma mutuwar mutane 1,300. Yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 10 ne suka fi kamuwa da cututtuka.
Gibin samun riga-kafi
Dokta Angelique Coetzee, tsohuwar shugabar ƙungiyar likitocin Afirka ta Kudu, ta ce rashin yin allurar riga-kafin cutar sankarau yana sa yara su kamu da cutar Mpox da wuri.
"Muna sane da cewa tun a 1980, raban a gudanar da wani aikin ba da allurar riga-kafi. A Afirka, yawancin matasa suna fama da rashin lafiya saboda ba su da juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta kamar manya tsofaffi waɗanda aka yi wa riga-kafin cutar sankara," kamar yadda ta shaida wa TRT Afrika.
DRC da sauran ƙasashen Afirka suna kokawa kan rashin samun isassun allurar riga-kafin cutar MPox.
"Akwai bukatar gaggawa na samar da allurar riga-kafi don dakile yaduwar cutar," in ji Dr Shetty.
A ranar 5 ga watan Satumba, DRC ta samu kashin farko na allurai 99,000 na riga-kafin MPox daga ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai da kuma wasu allurai 50,000 daga Amurka.
Ko da yake, waɗannan adadi sun yi ƙasa da adadin allurai miliyan uku da jami'ai suka yi kiyasin da ake buƙata don shawo kan barkewar cutar a DRC.
Allurar riga-kafin na zuwa ne kusan shekaru biyu bayan Amurka da wasu ƙasashen Turai suka fara tara allurai masu yawa don tunƙara barkewar cutar a cikin al'ummarsu.
"Mun san cewa ana fama da karancin allurar riga-kafi a Afirka, kuma babu wanda ya damu da hakan. Mun ga irin haka a lokacin bullar Covid-19.
Yanzu haka kasashen yammacin duniya suna yin amfani da wadannan alluran riga-kafin don koƙarin kare mutanensu idan sun kamu da cutar ta Mpox, ” a cewar Dr Coetzee.
A hanyoyi da dama, halin da ake ciki yanzu ya yi kama da abin da ƙasashen Afirka suka fuskanta a yayin da ake fama da cutar a shekarar 2020, musamman ma a ƙarshen lokaci da kuma hana amfani da alluran riga-kafi.
"Muna inda muke a lokacin. Kuma wadannan alluran riga-kafin suna da tsada sosai, kusan kowane allura na kan farashin dalar Amurka 100 ," in ji Dr Coetzee.
Kididdigar WHO ta nuna cewa Afirka na shigo da kashi 99% na allurar riga-kafin da ake buƙata don magance cututtuka daban-daban.
Ƙasashe biyar ne kawai a nahiyar - Masar, da Maroko, da Senegal, da Afirka ta Kudu da Tunisiya -ne suke da wuraren samar da alluran riga-kafi. Mutane da yawa sun dogara ga gudummawa ko shirye-shiryen ƙasashen duniya da masu ba da tallafi ke jagoranta don buƙatun riga-kafin su.
Ƙalubale na dogaro
Dakta Dimie Ogoina, ƙwararre kan cututtuka masu yaɗuwa a Nijeriya wanda ke shugabantar kwamitin gaggawa na WHO kan MPox, ya bayyana rashin daidaiton da ake fuskanta.
"Har yanzu muna aiki a makance a Afirka; ba mu da ilimin da ake buƙata game da tarihin ƙwayoyin halitta na Mpox, da yanayin yaɗuwa da kuma, tasirin haɗarin cutar," in ji shi.
A yanzu haka, hedkwatar kamfanin fasahar bincike-bincike na Bavarian Nordic da ke Denmark yana sake tsara wasu yarjejeniyoyin samar da alluran riga-kafi don tabbatar da cewa allurar ta tafi yankunan da suka fi bukata.
"Suna shirin tattaunawa da wasu masana'antun Afirka don mika musu fasahar, abin farin ciki ne. Amma kuma abin da muke buƙatar mu gani ba shine karshen tsarin masana'antar ba," in ji Dr Shetty.
