Kotun da ake yi wa kallon kotun kololuwa da ke hukunta manyan laifuka a duniya ita ce International Criminal Court, wato ICC.
An kafa ta ne a birnin Hague na Netherlands a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2002 a matsayin babbar kotun hukunta manyan laifuka a duniya.
Yarjejeniyar da aka yi ta kasa da kasa wadda aka fi sani da “The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court” ita ta kafa hukumar gudanarwa ta ICC, bayan an yi hakan a taron da aka gudanar a ranar 17 ga watan Yulin 1998.
ICC ta kasance kotun farko kuma ta din-din-din ta hukunta laifuka a duniya.
Kamar yadda bayanai kan kotun suka nuna, ICC kotu ce “da ke taimaka wa kotuna ba wai maye gurbin kotun kasashe ba”.
Bayanai sun nuna cewa bayan shekara 20 da kotun ta dauka tana aiki, an gabatar da shari’o’i 31 a gabanta sa’annan ta kama wadanda ake tuhuma da laifi a shari’o’i goma sa’annan an sallami shari’o’i hudu.
Daidaito
Kafa kotun ICC ya kasance wani lamari mai tattare da ce-ce-ku-ce. Masu sharhi da kuma masu kare hakkin bil adama sun bayyana cewa misali na baya-bayan nan shi ne bangaranci da kotun ta nuna yadda Isra’ila ke kai hare-hare Gaza.
Hare-haren da Isra’ila ke kai wa Falasdinawa sun lalata abubuwa da dama a wasu lokutan kuma sun kashe iyalai da dama,” kamar yadda kungiyar Amnesty International ta bayyana.
Dole ne a yi “bincike kan laifukan yakin Isra’ila,” kamar yadda kungiyar kare hakkin ta bayyana a wani rahoto na baya-bayan nan kan karuwar yaki tsakanin Isra’ila da Falasdinu.
Wasu daga cikinsu kamar jakadan Falasdinu a Zimbabwe wato Tamer Almassri na ganin da a ce irin zaluncin da Isra’ila ke yi wani shugaba ne na Afirka ke yin sa, da ICC ta yi sauri ta shiga maganar.
“Abin takaicin shi ne ICC ba ta dauki wani mataki kan Isra’ila ba sakamakon ba ‘yan Afirka bane,” kamar yadda Almassri ya shaida wa kafafen watsa labarai a Harare a makon da ya gabata.
“Da a ce ‘yan Afirka ne, da sun kama su sun kai su kotu, sai dai sakamakon su ba bakar fata bane, suna da ikon yin kisan kiyashi yadda suke so,” kamar yadda wakilin na musamman ya bayyana.
Saniyar-ware
Wani misali, kamar yadda masana suka bayyana, shi ne yadda Afirka ta Kudu ta fuskanci matsin lamba domin kama shugaban Rasha Vladimir Putin a lokacin taron BRICS.
Sammacin yana da alaka da yakin Rasha da Ukraine. Shugaba Putin ya yanke shawarar ba zai halarci taron ba wanda aka gudanar a Afirka ta Kudu sai dai ya tura wakilci.
Kamar yadda bayanan ICC suka bayyana, tara cikin goma na abubuwan da suka yi bincike a kai, a Afirka ne suka faru inda akasarinsu manyan ‘yan Afirka.
Kotun ta hukunta da sallama da bayar da takardar sammaci na shugabannin Afirka fiye da duk wani shugaba.
Sun hada da tsohon shugaban Ivory Coast Laurent Gbagbo da Omar Albashir na Sudan da Marigayi Mua’ammar Gaddafi na Libiya da shugabannin Kenya Uhuru Kenyatta da William Ruto.
Haka kuma kotun ta bayar da takardar sammaci ga shugabannin Afirka akalla biyu wadanda suke kan mulki.
Duk da irin wannan matsin binciken da ake yi a Afirka, kotun ta yi ki amincewa da yi bincike kan laifufakan da ake zargin an aikata a Iraki da Afghanistan da Falasdinu inda wasu daga shugabannin kasashen duniya da wasu kawayensu ake zarginsu da hannu a kai.
A halin yanzu ana matsin lamba ga ICC domin gudanar da bincike kan hare-haren da ake kaiwa a Gaza, sai dai babu tabbaci kan ko hakan zai yiwa sakamakon kungiyoyin duniya da dama da masu sharhi na cewa “laifukan yaki.”
Wasu daga cikin masu sa ido ICC din ta mayar da shugabannin Afirka saniyar ware inda take tsallake shugabannin kasashen yamma musamman wadanda ake zargida aikata laifukan yaki musamman a kasashen waje.
Masu sharhi na kallon yadda ICC ke sa ido kan Afirka da kuma yi wa manyan nahiyar dauki daidai wanda hakan ya sa suke dasa ayar tambaya a kanta.
Laifukan da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai
A cikin ofisoshin hukumar guda bakwai a yau, guda shida na a kasashen Afirka ne: Mali da Ivory Coast da Uganda da Jamhuriyyar Dimokuradiyar Kongo da Jamhuriyar Tsakiyar Afirka.
Masu sa ido da dama na kallon hakan a matsayin rashin daidaito a wurin adalci inda aka mayar da Afirka wuri na farko da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai.
Dalilin da ya sa aka kafa wannan kotun ya samo asali ne sakamakon nasarar da wasu kotuna na musamman da aka kafa na kasa da kasa na wucin gadi wadanda suka hada da International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda da kuma the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia.
ICTR ta kasance wata kotu ta musamman wadda aka kafa domin cimma matsayar Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 8 ga watan Nuwambar 1994 domin hukunta laifukan yaki wadanda aka yi a lokacin kisan kiyashin Rwanda na 1994 inda aka hukunta mutum 50 masu laifi.
Saboda haka a lokacin da aka kafa ICC a birnin Hague, dokar da aka kafa ta a kai ta mayar da hankali kan kisan kiyashin da laifukan take hakkin bil adama da laifukan yaki.
Mafita ga Afirka
Sai dai kuma, matukar ICC ta zo don cigaba da shari'ar 'yan Afirka, da Balka. Kuma ba inda aka ayyana a dokokinta cewa kotun ta mayar da hankali kan kawai kan Afirka ko Balkan, ko kuma kananan kasashe.
Saboda wannan yanayi, ana muhawara kan ko kasashen Afirka su fice daga tsarin kotun.
Afirka ita ce nahiya mafi yawan kasashe da suka sanya hannu shiga tsarin kotun. Daga cikin kasashe 123 da suka rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Roma da ta kafa Kotun, 33 ko kashi 27 kasashen Afirka ne.
Akwai karin kasashen Afirka 13 da ake jiran su saka hannu kan tsarin kotun, bayan sun amince da yarjejeniyar Roma.
Zuwa yanzu, Burundi ce kasar Afirka tilo da ta fice daga Kotun, a watan Oktobar 2017. Kasashe biyu ne a duniya kacal suka bar Kotun, Rasha a 2016, da kuma Filifin a 2018.
A baya Gambia da Afirka ta Kudu sun nuna aniyarsu ta ficewa, amma daga baya suka zabi ci gaba da zama.
Masu sukar kotun sun ce lokaci ya yi da Afirka za ta yi karatun ta-nutsu, ta gane cewa kotun wani tarko ne na mulkin mallaka, wanda ke fito da munafurcin kasashen Yamma.
Sai dai kuma, wasu masu goyon bayan kotun suna cewa tana taimakawa 'yan Afirka su nemi bahasin shugabanninsu. Amma wasu na ganin dole a yi gyara kan kotun ta yadda za a fadada ayyukanta zuwa duka sassan duniya.
Wasu masu sharhi kuma suna ganin Afirka na bukatar ficewa daga wannan yaudara ta Kotun Manyan Laifuka ta Duniya, sannan su inganta fannin shari'a na kasasehnsu don ya iya yin shri'o'in manyan laifuka, wanda da ma shi ne dalilin kafa kotun ta duniya.
