Daga Edward Qorro
Yayin da aka shiga sabuwar shekara, Kotun Kolin Afirka mai alhakin kare hakki da hakkokin ɗan'adam (AfCHPR) ta fada cikin garari da ruɗani.
Shugabar kotun, Mai shari’a Imani Aboud, ta bayyana damuwarta kan yadda kasashe mambobin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU) suka kusa karya manufar kafa sashen shari’ar ta hanyar yin watsi da hukunce- hukuncenta.
"Mun fara shekarar 2024 da irin ƙalubalen da muka fuskanta a shekarar 2023," in ji ta, tana mai cewa kasashe 34 ne kawai daga cikin mambobin kungiyar ta AU suka amince da yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin ɗan'adam da hakkokin jama'ar Afirka da suka taka rawar gani wajen kafa kotun shekaru 25 da suka gabata.
Daga cikin waɗannan ƙasashe 34, takwas ne kawai suka shigar da sanarwar da ta dace a ƙarƙashin sashe na 34 (6) na yarjejeniyar.
Wannan matsaya ta bai wa mutane da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu damar miƙa kokensu ga kotun kai tsaye, matukar dai ƙasashen da abin ya shafa sun ba su damar yin hakan.
Wani abin mamaki shi ne ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na hukunce-hukunce sama da 200 da kotun ta amince da su tun lokacin da aka kafa kawai aka aiwatar.
Kotun dai ta fuskanci koma baya da dama, inda kasashen Rwanda da Tanzania da Benin da kuma Cote d'Ivoire suka janye matsayarsu 34(6) tsakanin shekarar 2016 zuwa 2020.
Waɗannan ayyuka sun kawo cikas ga kokarin AfCHPR na kare hakkin ɗan'adam a nahiyar tare da hana mutane hanyar samun adalci da aka riga aka ba su, in ji Lady Justice Aboud.
Shugabar kotun ta bayyana abin da ta ce halastacciyar damuwa ta al'umma game da yadda ake kawo wa kotun AfCHPR cikas bisa ga rashin haɗin kai da kasashe mambobin kungiyar ke yi.
"Ina so na isar da wannan roƙo ga dukkan kasashe mambobin kungiyar. Kotun Afirka jaririyarku ce, kun kafa ta ne da manufa - don taimaka muku wajen biyan haƙƙoƙinku na kasa da kasa da kuma ba da gudunmawa ga ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da siyasa na nahiyar,", in ji Lady Justice Aboud.
A cewarta, hanya daya tilo da kotun za ta iya yin hakan ita ce "idan kasashe mambobin kungiyar suka ba ta goyon bayan da ya dace don ba ta damar sauke nauyin da aka dora mata."
Halin ko-in-kula
Masana harkokin shari'a da dama sun soki kasashe mambobin kungiyar ta AU bisa zargin nuna halin ko in kula ga kotun da kuma rashin kishin siyasa.
"Wannan wata alama ce da ke nuna rashin amincewar gwamnatoci da kasashen Afirka wajen ba da damar shiga sashen shari'ar nahiyar da kuma tabbatar da kariya da inganta hakin ɗan' adama a nahiyar," kamar yadda Sophia Ebby, kodinetan hadin gwiwar kotun Afirka ta shaida wa TRT Afrika.
Ebby tana da yaƙinin cewa wasu kasashe mambobin kungiyar AU suna jinkiri wajen ƙin mutunta hakkin kotun da ya rataya a wuyansu, saboda tsoron kar a sanya su cikin nahiyar da ke da wata hukuma mai iko da ke kula da su musamman a yankunan da ake cin zarafin ɗan adam.
Ta bayyana irin wannan fargabar da cewa ba su da tushe kuma sun samo asali ne saboda rashin fahimta game da hurumin da kotun Afirka ta gindaya da kuma yadda ake gudanar da ayyukanta wanda ya fi mai da hanakali wajen hanawa fiye da komai.
Kazaika Ebby ta yi watsi da fargabar cewa dukkan kasashe mambobin da suka amince da wannan yarjejeniya tare da ajiye bayanansu na 34(6) za su rage tasirin kotunansu na cikin gida.
"Kotun Afirka tana inganta ayyukan kotunan kasa tare da kare hakkin ɗan'adam a nahiyar.
Sai masu ƙara sun ƙarar da duk wasu hanyoyin shari'a kafin su iya gabatar da ƙararrakinsu a gaban kotun Afirka," in ji ta.
Tsarin daidaitawa
Kasashe membobi na iya samun dalilai daban-daban na rashin aiwatar da hukuncin Kotun Afirka.
Kamar yadda Ebby ta yi nuni, tsarin aiwatarwa ya ƙunshi ma'aikatun gwamnati da dama - wadanda suka hada da ma'aikatu zuwa na majalisu da na shari'a.
Rashin tsarin daidaitawa a tsakanin wadannan sassan a matakin kasa na sanya tsaiko wajen aiwatar da hukuncin kotunan Afirka.
"Ko da an aiwatar da wasu daga cikin hukunce-hukuncen da wuya ƙasashe su iya kai rahotonsu ga Kotun Afirka," kamar yadda ta shaida wa TRT Afrika.
Wasu kasashen Afirka sun fito fili sun nuna rashin amincewarsu da kotun bisa hukunce-hukuncen da ta yanke da suka shafi ikonsu.
Yayin ziyarar aiki da ya kai kotun a watan Fabrairun 2022, Firayim Ministan Tanzaniya Kassim Majaliwa ya bukaci AfCHPR da ta fahimci mahimmancin sauke nauyin da aka dora mata.
“Aikin kotun a baya-bayan nan ya shafi janyewar wasu kasashe.
Wannan wata alama ce da ke nuna cewa dole sai kotu ta dauki ƙaddara domin kowace kasa tana da ƴancin cin gashin kanta,” in ji shi.
Ebby tana ganin irin waɗannan gardama a matsayin uzuri da ba za a lissafa da su.
"Idan kasashe suka amince da ƙa'idojin kare hakkin ɗan'adam za su fahimci cewa sun bar wani bangare na nmallakin ikonsu kuma za su yarda su bi wadannan dokokin," in ji ta.
Dokokin kasashen duniya sun yi umurni da cewa da zarar wata kasa ta amince da yarjejeniya, dole ne ta bi umarnin ko shawarar da hukumomin da aka kafa karkashin wannan yarjejeniya suka bayar.
Ana kiran wannan tsarin da "Pacta sunt servanda" - ma'ana " dole a kiyaye yarjejeniyoyin" - karkashin yarjejeniyar Vienna sashe na 26 na Dokar Yarjejeniyar taron kasashen duniya.
“Kowace yarjejeniya tana karkashin ɓangarorin cikinta kuma dole ne a yi amfani da ita cikin aminci,” in ji babban taron
