Daga Mazhun Idris
A lokacin da Winnie John take ba da labarin yadda take shan wahala a duk dare, wajen kunna fitilar kananzir da suke amfani da ita a gida, a ƙauyen Gundumar Machako da ke kasar Kenya, sai ka ji kamar a wata duniyar take.
Harshen wutar fitilar tana fitar da hasken daga gilashin wanda ke haskak dakin Winnie, inda yake kawar da duhun dare. Hakan ba wani aiki ne mai saƙi ba.
"Muna sane da illar amfani da fitilun kananzir, amma ba mu da zaɓi," inji ta a tattaunawarta da TRT Afrika, a lokacin da take bayyana irin hayaƙin da ke fitowa daga fitilar, wanda ke gurɓata cikin ɗakin tsawon dare.
Fitilun kananzir suna da illa ga lafiyar mutane, kuma hayaƙin na daɗewa a cikin ɗaki har ya zama datti a jikin bangon ɗakuna, a yankunan da ke fama da ƙarancin lantarki.
Rahoton Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya, ya nuna cewa a Afirka, "Mutum miliyan 600 ko kuma a ce kashi 43 na mutanen yankin ba sa samun wutar lantarki, kuma mafi yawancinsu suna yankin kudu da Sahara na nahiyar."
A lokacin baya-bayan nan a Kenya, masu amfani da fitilun kananzir sun fuskanci matsalar gurɓataccen kananzir ɗin da aka haɗa da man dizal. Wannan gurɓata man da ake, ya ƙara ta'azzara illar hayaƙin ga lafiyar mutane, har ma da kara gurbata muhalli.
Gwamnati ta yi ƙoƙarin hana yaɗuwar gurɓataccen man, ba a samu sauƙi ba. "Hukumomi a Kenya sun yi yunƙurin hana yaɗuwar gurɓataccen man ta hanyar ƙara farashin man, a ƙarshe hakan ya ƙara mana tsadar farashi," inji Winnie.
Winnie takan sanya fitilar kananzir ɗin a falo ne. Sai dai hasken ba ya wadatarwa, inda sauran ɗakuna a gidan Winnie suke zama cikin duhu.
Tsadar kananzir ɗin da rashin samar da wadataccen haske da fitilar kananzir ke yi, shi ya sa Winnie ta fara tunanin amfani fitillun da suke da sauƙin sha'ani da ba su da illa ga muhalli, waɗanda wani kamfani fasahar zamani a Kenya ke samarwa, wanda kuma yake ba mutane bashin kayayyakin amfanin gida.
Na'urar samar da lantarkin tana ɗauke da jerin ƙwayayen lantarki, da radiyon FM, da wajen cajin waya. Sannan yana da tsarin biyan kuɗi na kai-tsaye.
Muhimmancin haske
Haske shi ne rayuwa, inda da shi mutane suke amfani wajen gani da fahimtar abin da duniya ke ciki. Daga harkar ilimi zuwa sufuri, babu abin da zai tafi da kyau a duniyar nan a yanzu ba tare da haske ba.
Duk da ƙoƙarin da ake yi na kai wutar lantarki zuwa karkara a ƙasashen Afirka, har yanzu ƙauyuka da dama da ƙananan garuruwa da su da wutar lantarki. Waɗanda kuma suke da wutar, sukan yi fama da ɗaukewar wutar, inda sukan yi awanni da kwanaki babu wuta.
Hanyar samar da haske ta hanyar amfani da man kananzir ita ce zaɓin da mutane da dama suke da shi, duk da illolinsa.
Kamar yadda wani rahoton Bankin Duniya ya nuna, hayaƙin fitilar kananzir daidai yake da zuƙar hayaƙin kwali biyu na sigari a rana ɗaya, wanda yake shafar aikin huhu, kuma yake ƙara barazanar samun cutar asma ga ƙananan yara.
Ƙona kananzir na fitar da wasu sinadarai irinsu carbon dioxide da nitrogen dioxide, da sulphur dioxide waɗanda dukkansu suna cikin abubuwan da suke jawo sauyin yanayi. Haka kuma akwai yiwuwar samun ƙuna da gobara daga yawan amfani da fitilun kananzir.
A yanzu da fasahar amfani da fitilun zamani ke ƙara shiga ƙauyuka da garuruwan Afirka, fitilun kananzir sun fara ɓacewa daga gidaje da sauran wurare.
A maimakon su, mutane da ba su da wutar lantarki yanzu sun fi son amfani da fitilu masu amfani da batura da ake canjawa ko waɗanda ake musu caji, ko kuma a wasu lokuta, masu amfani da hasken rana.
Yanzu yawancin fitilu sun fi amfani da ƙwan LED, waɗanda sun fi haske kuma ba sa jan makamashi sosai kamar sauran ƙwayayen lantarki.
Fitilu masu ƙwayayen LED ana yin su da nau'ukan roba mai ƙwari, wanda hakan ya sa suke wahalar fashewa idan aka kwatanta su da sauran fitulun ƙwai da ake yi da gilashi.
Fitillar LED ta fi wadda ba ita ba daɗewa sau kusan 50, sannan ba sa buƙatar yawan gyare-gyare. Suna da haske sosai, ba su da wahalar sakawa, sannan suna da sauƙin amfani a cikin ɗaki.
Ba su da wahalar ɗauka domin canja waje, kuma akwai nau'uka daban-daban kamar wanda ake kafewa a teburi, da wanda ake maƙalawa, da na hannu da masu maratayi.
Sauyi a kasuwanni
Wani rahoto da Science Direct suka wallafa kusan shekara bakwai da suka gabata, inda suka yi bincike a kan amfani da fitilu a ƙasashen Afirka, ya tabbatar da cewa ana samun sauyi a 'yan shekarun baya-bayan nan'.
Binciken ya gano cewa, "Mazauna ƙauyuka a ƙasashen Afirka waɗanda ba su da latarki, sun bar amfani da fitilar kananzir da kyandir, sun koma amfani da fitilun LED masu tsafta, da ke amfani da batiri da ba a cajawa.
Wannan sauyin na nufin cewa an fara kusan gabaɗaya an maye gurbin fitilun kananzir da fitillu masu sauƙi cin makamashi, hatta a yawancin yankunan karkara.
Wani rahoto da wani kamfanin binciken kasuwanni mai suna Mordor Intelligence ya yi, ya yi hasashen cewa kasuwar fitilun LED a Afirka, zai kai dalar biliyan $5.94 zuwa shekarar 2029, daga dala $4.01 na shekarar 2024.
Wannan sauyin da ake gani a wasu yankuna na Afirka da suke fama da rashin wutar lantarki, yana nuni da yadda ake amfani da fasahar zamani wajen sauya rayuwar mutane a nahiyar Afirka.
