Wani fari na tsawon shekaru 3 da ya kawo karshe a shekarar 2023 ya kashe sama da dabbobi miliyan 13 a yankin kurin Afirka kafin ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya ya mamaye yankin, lamarin da ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar wasu da dama. / Hoto: Reuters  

Daga Sylvia Chebet

Lido Abdikarin Abdille na zaune a yankin arewacin Somaliya, tana fama da matsalolin rayuwa da kuma fari da ake ganin ba zai taba zuwa karshe ba bayan shafe mata kusan rabin shanunta tun shekarar 2020.

"Muna dogara ne kan dabbobi a kan kusan komai, Idan wata dabba ta ji rauni, kamar yadda yake faruwa a lokacin fari inda shanu ba su da abin da za su ci, ko madara ba za ku iya ba su ba," a cewar matar mai shekaru 34.

Tun lokacin da mahaifinta ya rasu a shekarar 2010, Abdille ta kasance wacce ke kula da mahaifiyarta da ke fama da rashin lafiya da kuma renon 'ya'yanta biyu a jihar Puntland da ke Somaliya.

Rayuwa ta ɗaɗa tsanani sakamakon mumunan sauyin yanayi da aka fuskanta, na farko shi ne fari da ya kwashe tsawon lokaci ana fama da shi sannan kuma ambaliyar ruwa ya wuce misali.

Ko ya yake ba ita kaɗai ba ce ta fada cikin wannan yanayi.

Sama da dabbobi miliyan 13.2 a yankin kusurwar Afirka ne suka halaka a lokacin fari na shekarar 2020 zuwa 2023, yanayin da aka bayyana shi a matsayin mafi muni cikin shekaru 40.

Bayanai daga ofishin kula da ayyukan jinƙai da abinci da noma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun nuna cewa Habasha ta yi asarar dabbobi sama da miliyan 6.8 sakamakon iftila'i na fari.

A Somaliya, an ƙiyasta adadin dabbobin da suka mutu ya kai miliyan 3.8, sannan Kenya ta yi asarar shanu sama da miliyan 2.6.

Dakta Mohammed Guleid, ƙwararre kan harkokin da suka shafi halittu a yankin kursurwar Afirka, ya lissafta yanayin fari da aka fuskanta a matsayin mafi munin yanayi da aka taba gani a rayuwa.

"Sai kuma guguwar sauyin yanayi na El Niño wanda ya tawo da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ambaliyar da ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar sauran halittun da suka rage," kamar yadda ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.

A arewacin Somaliya, Abdille da sauran manoma da makiyaya na ci gaba da fafutukar farfaɗowa daga fari na shekaru uku a lokacin da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya zo da ya shafe gidaje tare da kashe mutane sama da 100.

Iftila'in fari da mumunar ambaliya ruwa sun jefa Abdille da miliyoyin sauran makiyaya a yankin cikin yunwa da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki.

Kariyar inshora

A laluben neman mafita don ceton rayuka da zamantakewa a mumunar yanayin da ake yawan fuskanta, an ɓullo da wani sabon shirin inshorar dabbobi a Somaliya.

Tsarin Inshorar Dabbobi na (IBLI) zai taimaka wajen kare al'umma daga illar fari ta hanyar ba da kuɗi lokacin da makiyaya suka rasa dabbobi ga bala'o'in ko iftila'in yanayi.

"A takaice wannan tsarin inshora, zai ƙarfafa manoman dabbobi gwiwa don su rage ƙunci idan iftila'in sauyin yanayi ya wuce ƙarfinsu," in ji Dakta Guleid.

Ana amfani da nau'rar tauraron dan adam wajen bibiyar matakan kiwo don tabbatar  lokacin da za a kai dauki ta hanyar inshora. Hoto: Reuters

Wani bincike na shekarar 2018 da Hukumar Raya Ci gaban Ƙasa ta Amurka ta gudanar, ta lissafa cewa dala ɗaya na taimakon a lokaci guda ya yi daidai da dala uku na ciyarwa ta jinƙai.

Hakan na nufin jinkirin kai dauki da kuma hada kudaden ya kai sau uku fiye da yadda za'a kiyaye rayuwar dabbobi ta sakamakon fari wajen siya musu abinci.

''Tsarein yana aiki ne ta hanyar amfani da tauraron dan adam a lokacin fari, an samar da ma’auni da za a iya ganin matakan kiwo a cikin kaso ta hanyar tauraron dan adam, don haka da zarar kiwo ya kai wani kaso, sai su shiga tsakani ta hanyar tallafa wa makiyayan," Dr Guleid ya bayyana.

Mahalarta suna karɓar diyya a madadin gudummawa wadda ta yi daidai da girman garken da aka yi wa inshora.

Abdille tana daga cikin ƴan Somaliya 40,000 da suka yi rajistar shirin tun watan Agustan 2022 kuma an biya su dala 50.

"Wannan kudin zai taimaka mana wajen biyan bukatunmu na rayuwa da na dabbobinmu. Za mu iya sayen ciyawa da ruwa a lokacin fari domin ceton shanu, awaki da rakuma," in ji ta.

Muusa Ali Mahamad, daraktan sadarwa na bankin Salaam Somali, daya daga cikin masu tallafawa aikin, ya ce wannan shi ne tsarin inshora na farko da aka fara yi ga makiyayan Somaliya.

Hijira wajibi

Abdifatah Jama Hassan, shi ma daga yankin Puntland, ya yi nuni da cewa, an tilastawa mutane da dama kamansa yin hijira zuwa garuruwa domin yin aiki, bayan rasa sana’arsu ga matsalar sauyin yanayi na fari.

"Kasarmu na fama da fari a kai- a kai, kuma ba a iya wa yanayin hasashe, salon kiwo na gargajiya ya daina ɗorewa," in ji makiyayin mai shekaru 43.

A yanayin duhu da aka dafa, tsarin na inshora shine fitila. "Wannan wani sabon abu ne ga makiyayan Somaliya, kuma muna ganin alfanunsa fiye da yan kananan kudaden da muke biya ga wannan shiri," kamar yadda ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.

Hanyoyin kudin sun kara masa karfin gwiwa ta fuskantar barazanar fari da ake samu akai-akai.

"Na yi imanin wannan shiri zai karfafa wa mutane gwiwa don kar su daina kiwon dabbobi... Ko da a cikin yanayin mummunan fari, har yanzu ana iya samun hanyar ceto dabbobi," in ji Abdirizak Hussein Mohamed, mai shekaru 39.

Amma ko da a lokacin da babu wata barazanar ambaliya ko fari, har yanzu dabbobi suna da rauni ga wasu abubuwa.

Kasuwanci mai riba

Kiwon dabbobi don  kasuwanci zai taimaki al'ummar makiyaya daga asarar fari tare da inganta hanyoyin kudaden shiga. Hoto:Reuters

Duk da haka, duk da yanayin sana'ar kiwo, tana iya zama tushen abin dogaro ga iyalai da masu samun kudaden shiga ga ƙasashe.

"Kiwon dabbobi na da alfanu uku - samar da nama da madara da fata," Dr Guleid ya bayyana wa TRT Afrika.

Sau da yawa akwai kasuwar a shirye take ta kowanne fanni daga matakin gida da sauran ƙasashen duniya.

“Kilo daya na nama kusan shilling 1,000 ne, kwatankwacin dalar Amurka 10. Babu hatsin da zai samar maka da kudi har shilling 1,000 a kowane kilo. Kuma akwai bukatar nama mai yawa, musamman daga Gabas ta Tsakiya. Abin takaicin shi ne babu wani tsari na tallata hajar," in ji Dr Guleid.

A kasar Kenya, gwamnati na shirya wani tsari na kiwo don taimakawa wajen tsara manufar da za ta kai ga samun ingantaccen amfani da albarkatu.

Tare da matakan da suka dace don rage asarar da yanayi ya haifar, yuwuwar haɓaka masana'antar dabbobi a Afirka na da yawa.

Ana yaba wa ƙasar Botswana a matsayin abar koyi a nahiyar don mafi kyawun ayyuka a kula da dabbobi.

A Somaliya kuwa, Dr Guleid ya lura cewa dole ne a wayar da kan al'ummomi don yin sana'ar kiwon dabbobi don cin gajiyar dabbobinsu.

TRT Afrika