Wasu daga cikin manyan ma'aikatan tashar jiragen ruwa na duniya sun karkata akalarsu zuwa gabashin Afirka./ Hoto: Hukumar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tanzaniya  

Daga Nuri Aden da Gaure Mdee

Tubalan gine-ginen suna nan yadda suke sannan hada-hada ta kankama bayan tsayawa cak da komai ya yi na tsawon lokaci, a yanzu haka tattalin arzikin nahiyar Afirka ya soma samun tagomashi tare da dora nahiyar zuwa jerin tashoshin jiragen ruwa a sassan duniya.

Duk da cewa akwai wasu manyan kamfanonin jiragen ruwa na duniya da suka karkata akalarsu zuwa yankin Gabashin Afirka a baya- bayan nan, har yanzu ana fuskantar kalubale wajen samun damar mallakar tashoshin jiragen ruwa daga yankin.

Duk da dimbin albarkatun kasa da kuma ababen more rayuwa na tashar jiragen ruwa a kasashe da dama da ake da su, rashin ci-gaban ayyuka da amfani da wadannan kayayyakin na zama matsala saboda karancin kayayyakin aiki na zamani.

Tasoshin ruwa sun zama muhimman wuraren huldar kasuwanci tsakanin kasa da kasa.

A mafi yawan lokuta tasoshin suna aiki a matsayin hanya ta farko da ke hada kasashe daban- daban, inda suke samar da ayyukan jigilar kayayyaki da albarkatun kasa, idan babu tasoshin jiragen ruwa kaso mai yawa na tattalin arzikin duniya zai tsaya cak.

Tashoshin ruwa na yankin Tekun Indiya da Bahar- Maliya manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci ne wandada ke da matukar muhimmaci a tsarin samar da kayayyaki a duniya.

Hanyoyin sun kasance wani bangare da ake girga-girzar samar da mai da iskar gas da kuma sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci da kasar China ta tsara, wanda aka fi sani da "Belt and Road Initiative".

Tashoshin ruwa a Tanzaniya da Kenya na fuskantar kalubale kusan iri daya na cunkoso da tsofaffin ababen more rayuwa./ Hoto: Hukumar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tanzaniya

Yanayin da ake ciki ya zama wani muhimmin al'amari ga kasashe da kungiyoyi masu albarkatu da gogewa wajen gudanar da ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwa, irin su Singapore da Netherlands da China kan su yi saurin samun kwangiloli a kasashen da ke fafutukar gudanar da ayyuka da raya tashoshin jiragen ruwansu.

Manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda goma na duniya suna cikin wadannan kasashe uku.

Bukatun tashar jiragen ruwa

Tashoshin jiragen ruwa na zamani suna bukatar yanayin da za su iya cimma adadi mai yawa na ayyukan tattalin arziki wajen daukar manya-manyan jiragen ruwa wadanda za su iya biya bukatun kasuwancin kasa da kasa.

A takaice dai, ana iya samun babbar cibiyar kasuwanci ne kawai idan aka tanadi abubuwan more rayuwa da yanayin ayyukan manyan-manyan jiragen ruwa masu tarin yawa a tashoshin.

Tashoshin ruwa a Tanzaniya da Kenya suna fuskantar kalubale kusan iri daya na cunkoso da tsofaffin ababen more rayuwa da kuma gasa mai tsanani daga sauran tashoshin jiragen ruwa na yankin.

Domin daurewar wannan ayyuka, kasashen Afirka da dama sun bude kofofinsu na zuba hannayen jari wanda zai amfanar da masu zuba jari da masu talla.

Yunkurin mallakar tashar jiragen ruwa a yankin gabashin Afirka ya sa shugabar kasar Tanzaniya Samia Suluhu Hassan bayyana cewa hanzarta yarjejeniyar saka hannayen jari a kasar zai samarwa kasar riba, yana kafa hujja da cewa '' makwabciyar kasar tana da irin wannan burin''.

Kusan kashi 95 cikin 100 na kasuwancin kasa da kasa a tekun Tanzaniya ana gudanar da su ne ta tashar jiragen ruwa na Dar es Slaaam.

Tashar tana hidimar kasashen shida wadanda ba su da iyakoki na ruwa da suka hada kasar Malawi da Zambiya da Burundi da Rwanda da Uganda da kuma gabashin Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango.

Kusan kashi 95 cikin 100 na kasuwancin da ake gudanarwa a tekun Tanzaniya ana yi ne a tashar jiragen ruwa na Dar es Salaam. /Hoto: Hukumar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tanzaniya

A Kenya, samun kwangila da wani mai saka jari daga kasar waje mai zaman kansa zai baiwa Dar es Salaam damar gudanar da ayyukan hukumar tashoshin ruwa ta Kenya ciki har da sabon tashar jiragen ruwa na Lamu.

Baya ga Kenya, tashar tana kuma amfanar kasashe kamar Uganda da Burundi da Rwanda da Gabashin Kongo da Sudan ta Kudu da kuma Habasha.

Kazalika tashar ta hada manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Yammacin Turai da Asiya da Amurka da kuma yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Shirye-shiryen siyar da hannayen jarin ya fada hannun 'yan adawa kafin zaben kasar da ya gabata, ko da yake gwamnati ta riga ta kulla yarjejeniya da wani mai saka hannun jari kafin lokacin.

An tsara aiwatar da kwangilar ne a watan Yulin 2022, kuma gwamnati na bukatar neman shawarwari kafin zaben watan Agusta wanda hakan zai bai wa masu zuba jari damar kula da ayyukan hukumar tashoshin jiragen ruwa ta Kenya, ciki har da sabuwar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Lamu.

Kasar ta sake dawo da tattaunawa kan sabbin yarjejeniyoyin a kwanan nan.

Manufar masu zuba jari

Tun da dadewa, Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun yi ta nuna sha'awar mallakar tashar jiragen ruwa a fadin kasashen Afirka daban-daban wadanda suka hada da kasar Mozambique da Tanzania da Kenya da Somalia da Eritrea da Djibouti.

Kasashe da dama sun samu damar shiga wadannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa, inda kasar China ta yi fice wajen gudanar ayyukan tafiyar da tashoshin jiragen ruwa 12 a fadin nahiyar.

Sauran kasashe da ke da aikin gudanar da tashar jiragen ruwa na duniya su ma suna sa ido sosai kan gabashin Afirka.

Wasu sun kafa tashoshin ababen hawa na kasa kamar cibiyar da ke lura da kayayyakin da ake shigowa da fita da su da shugaban kasar Paul Kagame ya kaddamar kwanan nan a Rwanda.

Duk da nasarorin da kasashen ketare suka samu da kuma gogewarsu na tsawon lokaci wajen tafiyar da tasoshin jiragen ruwa na zamani, a baya- bayan nan ayyukan sayar da hannayen jari suna fuskantar adawa daga kungiyoyi farar hula da wasu 'yan siyasa a kasashen da ke yankin gabashin Afirka bayan sukar wasu lamura a sharuddan doka.

A Tanzaniya, ana kallon masu saka hannayen jari na kasashen waje a matsayin wadanda ke kokarin janyo cikas bayan zargin cewa boye wasu sharuddan yarjejeniyar da suka shafi kudirin karbar aikin babban tashar jiragen ruwa na Dar es Salaam ga jama'a.

Har yanzu Afirka ta na daga cikin nahiyoyin da ake kwatance da manyan wuraren masu gudanar harkar kasuwanci a tashar jiragen ruwa. Hoto: Hukumar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tanzaniya

Gwamnati ta yi karin haske na cewa ta yi wasu 'yan gyare-gyare kan sharuddan yarjejeniyar da ake tambaya a kai , cikin har da kason da gwamnati za ta dauka na kashi 60 cikin 100 na kudaden shiga da tsarin duba ayyuka da aiwatar da kwangila a duk bayan shekarar biyar.

Faransa na daga cikin masu neman kwangila

Ita ma Faransa tana daga cikin kasashen da ke neman mallakar tashoshin jiragen ruwa a yankin gabashin Afirka.

Sai dai an caccaki ma’aikatan kamfanin Bollore na Faransa kan yadda suke rike ikon tashoshin jiragen ruwa bayan sun samun kwangilarsu.

A watan Satumba ne gwamnatin juyin juya hali ta Zanzibar ta mika ragamar tafiyar da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Malindi daga kamfanin samar da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Zanzibar (ZPC) zuwa ga kamfanin Faransa na Africa Global Logistics tare da sanya ido kan karin kudaden shiga da ayyunsu.

kamfanin ZPC za samu kashi 30 cikin 100 na kudaden shigar.

A takaice dai, har yanzu Afirka tana baya idan aka kwatanta da manyan kasashe dake harkar kasuwancin tashar jiragen ruwa.

Ga misali, ayyukan da tashar ruwan Shanghai take gudanar wa a tsawon kwanaki biyar shi ne abin da Dar es Salaam ke yi tsawon shekara guda. Haka kuma, abin da Mombasa ke dauka a cikin shekara, Shanghai na yi a cikin kwanaki goma.

Ma'unin tattalin arzikin da kuma karfafa ayyuka za su mayar ma'aikatan cikin gida baya, domin manyan ma'aikatan tashar jiragen ruwa sun kulla dangantaka da jiragen ruwa da dama tare da fahimtar yanayin aiki da kuma samun tallafin kudade.

A gefe guda, akwai fa'idodin dabarun. Kasashen Afirka na da damar samun wannan fa'ida ta hanyar hada kai da koyo daga gogewar masu zuba jari na waje.

A yanzu haka tashar Tanger ta Maroko ita ce kawai tashar Afirka da aka sanya a jerin manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa 50 na duniya, alama da ke nuna cewa akwai sauran aiki a gaba da Afrika za ta yi kafin ta shahara.

Tambayar da kasashen Afirka ke bukatar su amsa wa kansu a yanzu ita ce, me za su iya yi don inganta harkokin kasuwancinsu, su gane karfinsu da yin gogayya da sauran kasashen duniya.

TRT Afrika