Daga Firmain Eric Mbadinga
Shirin Babbar Katangar Bishiyu shi ne wata babbar garkuwa daga kwararowar hamada, wanda ta faro daga tsakiyar Sahel zuwa yankunan da ke da faƙo don mayar da su masu bishiyu.
A matsayin shiri na maido da muhalli mai bishiyu, yana da manufar haɗa kan al'ummomi kan muhimmancin sake gina dazuka da kafa hanyoyin jure sauyin yanayi.
Duk irin da aka dasa a matsayin ɓangaren shirin yana tashi ya zama bishiya, kamar yadda shafin inatanet na https://thegreatgreenwall.org ya bayyana. Babbar Katangar Bishiyu yana da burin zaman babban shiri a duniya, wanda ya ninka babban shingen Australia's Great Barrier Reef sau uku.
Kusan shekar 40 bayan Thomas Sankara, shugaban ƙasa na farko na Burkina Faso ya yi magana kan buƙatar dakatar da kwrarowar hamadar Sahara, shirin da Shugaban Senegal Abdoulaye Wade ya fara ya farfaɗo da burin a 2007.
Shirin Babbar Katangar Bishiyu ya samu cim ma faɗin ƙasa cikin shekaru, inda aka yi tsare-tsaren dasa bishiyu a ƙasashen Sahel masu Sahara da ke nahiyar Afirka.
Babban jogin shirin shi ne haɗn gwiwa na ƙasashen yankin Sahel wanda suka kafa hukumar Pan-African Agency of the Great Green Wall, wadda aka yi a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 2010, shi ya haifar da fara shirin.
Duba mafari
A Chadi, ɗaya cikin ƙasashe 11 na Afirka da aka zaɓa a matsayin waɗanda za a kai wa ɗauki kan shirin Babbar Katangar Bishiyoyi, shirin ya mayar da hankali kan haɗo kan al'ummomi don su shuka bishiyoyi iya ikonsu don yaƙi da ƙaratowar hamada a iyakar da ta kai kilomita 2,300km.
Yunƙurin Chadi wani ɓangare ne na babban shirin kafa katangar bishiyu da ta kai kilimita 7,000km a tsayi da faɗin kilomita 15km a Sahel.
Burin shi ne a samar da hekta miliyan 100 ta bishiyoyi, wadda za ta tashi daga Dakar a yammaci nahiyar zuwa Djibouti a gabashi. Katangar za ta kammala a 2030.
Hukumar Agence Nationale De La Grande Muraille Verte (ANGMV), wadda aka kafa a 2012, tana da alhakin ƙaddamar da Babbar Katangar Bishiyoyi ɓangaren Chadi.
''Tun bayan ƙirƙirarta, ANGMV ta taimaka wajen maido da sama da hekta 36,000, inda ta samar da duban ayyukan-yi, da miliyoyi iri cikin wuraren raino 12 manya-manya, kuma ta haƙa burtsatsai 76," in ji daraktan hukumar, Kodou Choukou Tidjani, a zantawarsa da TRT Afrika.
ANGMV ta kuma horar da al'ummomi kan alkintawa da kula da kuma kafa haɗn-gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyi na yanki da na ƙasa-da-ƙasa.
Nahadja Basile, babban sakataren sashen Dar-Tama a gundumar Wadi Fira, ya amsa cewa an samu tasirin ayyukan ANGMV a arewa maso gabashin ƙasar, musamman a yankinsa da ke da mutane 180,000 da suke zaune a yankin.
"Na gani da idona ayyukan hukumar a Koungou a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Mile. TSakanin Yuni da Satumba, mutane 250 aka ɗauka aiki. ANGMV tana kan ƙarfafa tawagogi don sake samar da bishiyo a ƙasar da ta zama fako," in ji shi.
A wani ɓangare na shirin Albiä wanda Bankin Duniya ke ɗaukar nauyi, tana ƙara ƙaimi wajen sake shuka bishiyu a yankin da kuɗaɗen da take samu daga UNDP, da Shirin Samar da Abinci na Duniya, da Hukumar Abinci da Noma ta Duniya FAO da sauransu. Gwamnatin Chadi ita ma tana taimaka wa shirin.
"Zuwa yau, aƙalla iri 130,000 aka dasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna samun horo wajen samar da tsirrai masu samar da abincin dabbobi," Basile ya faɗa wa TRT Afrika.
Kayan aiki na musamman ake amfani da su wajen raya ƙasar da take fako, ciki har da ƙasa mai tsananin tsauri.
Tafiya da al'umma
Mafi yawan nasarorin da aka cim ma zuwa yanzu sakamakon masu sa-kai ne kamar su Brahim Ali, wani mai kishin muhalli. A shekaru biyar baya, ya halarci shirn dasa bishiyoyi da wata cibiya a yankin da yake a Kanem take yi.
Ya ce, "Na tuntuɓi hukumar ƙasa yayin wani gangami da suka shirya a yankina. Bayan taruka da dama da bayar da horo kan kula da ƙasa, na yanke shawarar shiga aikin a matsayin ɗan sa-kai a wannan babban shirin".
Baya ga masu tallafawa kamar Brahim Ali ta hanyar ba da horo, ANGMV tana samar da iri, da kayan aiki da suka dace kamar wajen rainon iri, don sauƙaƙa aiki.
Tidjani ya yi imanin cewa cim ma manufofi kan lokaci da ci gaba da shirin zai taimaka wajen samun nasarori.
Ya faɗa wa TRT Afrika cewa, "A wannan shekara, ANGMV ta shirya wasu ayyuka na musamman kamar taimakawa ƙasa, saka gina daji, a kewayen sansanin 'yan gudun hijira da samar da bayanai kan sauyin yanayi. Wani ɓangare kan haɗin gwiwa da al'ummomi zai kula da wuraren.”
Mataki-mataki
Za a iya ganin jadawalin da MDD ta yi kan kammala shirin Babbar Katangar Bishiyo a matsayin wani ƙalubale, amma waɗanda ke aikin suna kan hanyar cim ma burin.
Da zarar an kammala, katangar za ta kare kwararowar hamada da samar da tsarin tattaro iska CO2 tan miliyan 250, don kawar da ɗumamar yanayi.
Brahim Ali ya yi nuni da cewa al'ummar yanki dole su shiga a dama da su a Chadi da sauran ƙasashe. "Suna buƙatar a wayar musu da kai da ba su horo kan muhimmancin sake gina daji," in ji shi.
A cewar masana, ana buƙatar ƙarfafa ilimi dangane da shirin , da bai wa mutane ɗan wani hasafi da zai ƙarfafa musu gwiwa wajen haɓaka raya gandun daji.
Brahim Ali ya faɗa wa TRT Afrika cewa, "Yana kuma da muhimmanci a saka ido da kula da shuke-shuken. Dasa bishuyu shi ne mataki na farko. Nasararmu ta dogara kan kula da saka-ido".
Waɗannan hikimomi sun dace da shawarwari na musamman da cibiyoyi da dama na ƙasa-da-ƙasa suka shirya, kuma wasu ƙasashe tuni suka riga suka gwada wadanda suke shirin na Babbar Katangar Bishiyo.
Wani nazari da wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, mai suna Transparency International ta yi a 2020 ya bayyana cewa Ethiopia tana kan gaba a wajen cim ma manufofin.
A Chadi, waɗanda ke jan ragamar shirin sun jaddada cewa wannan ba abu ne na sauri ba. "Don tabbatar da ingancin shirin, ANGMV ta zaɓi ko wace bishiyar da za a shuka cikin natsuwa," in ji Tidjani.
''Mun zaɓi tsirrai na gida kamar maralfalfa, zogale, bagaruwa, da kuka, wanda dukkansu sun dace yanayin yankin, kuma suna amfanar ƙasar da al'ummar yankin. An zaɓi waɗannan tsirrai saboda jure wa fari, masu ƙarfafa albarkar ƙasa, da samar da daji da zai samar da abubuwa ba na itace ba."
