Zuwa watan Disamba, ƙasashen Afrika 12 suka gudanar da zaɓuɓɓukansu a shekarar 2023. Wannan wani baje-kolin Dimokuraɗiyya ne, a nahiyar da, a shekarun dadama, ana mata kallon ba gwanar Dimokuraɗiyya ba ce.
Ƴan Afrika sun koyi yadda ake wuce waje, a ba maraɗa kunya, ta hanyar gani a ƙasa, a maimakon tsayawa mita.
Tsawon gwamman shekaru da suka shuɗe, ƙasashe dayawa sun dena yin mulkin jam'iyya ɗaya tal, da kama-karya da kuma baƙin mulki sun koma miƙa mulki ta hanyar lumana da hadafin cim ma zaman lafiya.
An gwada Jajircewar nahiyar ta hanyoyi dadama a tsawon lokaci, abin da ya ƙara ƙarfafa ta tare da shauƙin kawo sauyi.
Rikice-rikicen da suka ƙi ci suka ƙi cinyewa
Har yanzu Afrika ita ce take da rikice rikicen cikin gida mafi yawa a duniya. A cewar Hukumar Kula da ƴan gudun hijira ta Duniya UNHCR da kuma Hukumar kula da Masu Ƙaura ta Duniya IOM, aƙalla mutane miliyan 40 a nahiyar, sun rasa matsugunansu a wannan shekarar kaɗai, saboda lamura dayawa, na gaba-gaba, tashin hankali.
Daga cikin mutanen nan miliyan 40, an yi imanin kashi 77 cikin 100 ƴan gudun hijira ne na cikin gida. Fiye da komai, waɗannan alƙaluman marasa kyaun ji, suna yin tabo wa ƙoƙarin da ake yi na dawo da martabar Afrika da ƙarfafa Dimokuraɗiyyarta.
Alƙaluma na baya bayan nan da UNHCR da IOM suka fitar sun nuna cewa, ƙasashen Afrika 15 sun faɗa cikin rikicin da suka yi sanadiyar mutane dayawa su tsere daga muhallansu.
Sudan da Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo suna da kusan mutane miliyan 15 da ke neman mafaka a ƙasashe masu maƙwabtaka.
Abin tsoro game da Sudan
Duk da akwai rikice rikice da kai hare-hare nan da can a wasu sassan Afrika tun da shekarar nan ta kama, amma babban abin tsoro ya faru ne ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu.
Ƙazamin faɗa tsakanin sojojin Sudan da kuma mayaƙan rundunar Rapid Support Force ya haddasa fiye da mutane miliyan 3.3 sun rasa muhallansu nan take, da suka haɗa da ƴan gudun hijira na cikin gida da masu neman mafaka da kuma ƴan gudun hijira.
Rikicin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin rikice rikicen mafi tsawo da muni a Afrika, inda adadin waɗanda ake kashewa ke ƙaruwa a kowacce rana.
A watan Disamba, an halaka mutane dubu 12,000 a faɗan, sannan wasu miliyan takwas suka rasa mahallansu. Yunƙuri dabam-daban, na sasanta tsakanin ɓangarorin masu yaƙi da juna ya ci tura. Ana kan tattaunawa game da yadda za a ƙulla yarjeniyar tsagaita wuta mai ɗorewa.
Damuwar Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo
Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo mai arziƙin ma'adanai za ta gudanar da zaɓe ranar 20 ga watan Disamba tare da fargabar ci gaba da rikici, musamman a gabashin ƙasar, abin da masharhanta ke fargabar zai iya kawo cikas ga zaɓen.
Kawo yanzu, aƙalla mutane miliyan 7.9 suna gudun hijira, a cikin ƙasarsu ko a ƙasashe masu maƙwabtaka.
Tun samun ƴancin kai a shekarar 1960, Kongo ta yi ta fama da yaƙe-yaƙe. A shekarar 2022, ƙaruwar tashin hankali a gundumomin gabashin Ituri, da arewacin Kivu da kuma kudancin Kivu ya ta'azzara matsalar tsaro a ƙasar, kuma ya haifar da kwararar 'ƴan gudun hijiran cikin gida masu yawa da kuma rasa rayuka dadama.
Ƙungiyoyin mayaƙan sa-kai sama da 100 suka kafa sansanoni a ƙasar mai faɗin gaske, suna yaƙi domin neman iko da rijiyoyin haƙar ma'adanai da kuma albarkatun ƙasar. Gwamnatoci da suka gabata sun yi ƙaramar nasara ko ma ba su yi ba kwata kwata wajen karɓe makaman waɗannan ƙungiyoyin.
Matsalar Habasha
Duk da har yanzu ana lissafa ta a cikin ƙasashen Afrika da yaƙi ya fi yi wa illa, a baya bayan nan Habasha ta samu raguwar mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu dalilin irin waɗannan rikice rikicen.
Zuwa shekarar 2022, aƙalla mutane miliyan 1.8 sun rasa muhallansu sakamakon tashin hankali a yankin Tigray.
Tuni yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ta samar da kyakkyawan fatan rage tashin hankali a wasu yankunan kamar Oromia, abin da ya bai wa ƴan Habasha su miliyan 1.2 kwarin gwiwar su koma gidajensu. Amma, rahotannin baya bayan nan a kan sabon rikici a Tigray da kuma buƙata da ke akwai ta samar da ƙarin alƙaluma a yankin ya bar komai a bayyane.
Sauran ƙasashen da suka yi fama da rikicin cikin gida da ya haifar da ɗimbin ƴan gudun su ne Somaliya da Nijeriya da Kamaru da Burkina Faso da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da Mali da Chadi da kuma Nijar.
Kokawar neman iko
Yayin da ƙasashen Afrika ke sabunta alƙawarinsu da Dimokuraɗiyya, sauya gwamnati na ɗaya daga cikin batutuwa masu muhimmanci da suka gwada ƙwarin Dimokuraɗiyya a nahiyar.
Amma labarin ƙwace mulkin sojoji yanzu ba ya firgita jama'a kamar yadda aka yi tsammani.
A tsawon shekaru uku da suka gabata, an yi juyin mulki aƙalla guda Bakwai a Afrika ta Yamma, wanda na baya bayan shi ne juyin mulkin da aka yi a Gabon a watan Agusta. Wannan ya biyo bayan wani juyin mulkin ne a Nijar wata ɗaya baya.
Hamɓararren shugaban ƙasa Mohammed Bazoum na Nijar, yana shekara ta biyu a wa'adin mulkinsa ne, yayin da sojojin suka ƙwaci mulkin, suka kawo ƙarshen mulkin demokradiyya da aka miƙa cikin lumana a karon farko a ƙasar tun samun ƴancin kai daga Faransa.
Tuni jagororin juyin mulkin suka shiga kai-komon diflomasiyya, suna ƙoƙarin neman karɓuwa a wajen ƙasashen duniya. Kawo yanzu, gwamnatocin ƙasashen yankin da ke ƙarƙashin mulkin sojoji ne kaɗai suka yi maraba da su.
Sauran juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a nahiyar sune a Burkina Faso a 2022, da Chadi da Guinea da kuma Sudan a 2021, sai kuma Mali a 2020.
Waɗannan juyin mulkin sun yi tasiri a kan rikice-rikicen cikin gida na Afirka, amma dai sun yi ƙoƙari sun taƙaita adadin masu gudun hijira. Dalilin hakan zai iya kasancewa saboda galibin juyin mulki a Afrika ta Yamma suna samun goyon bayan mutanen ƙasashen waɗanda su ake dannewa.
Yayin da duniya ke shiga Sabuwar Shekara, buƙatar samar da tsarin Dimokuraɗiyya da ake tafiyar da shi a fili, ta fi na kowane lokaci, domin a bai wa mutane ƙwarin gwiwar cewa, shugabannin da suka zaɓa, za a iya yarda da su.
Aƙalla ƙarin ƙasashen 18 sun shirya gudanar da zaɓuɓɓuka a shekarar 2024. Amma hakan zai rage rikice rikice a nahiyar kuwa? Shin za a mutunta muryoyin jama'a, kuma a dinga ƙyale shugabannin da suka zaɓa su kammala wa'adin mulkinsu?
Kamar yadda shahararren mawakin Amurkan nan, Bob Dylan ke cewa, amsar ba ta da tabbas.
