Daga Gaure Mdee
An yi amanna cewa zabuka su ne kashin bayan dimokuradiyya, wani lokaci ne da 'yan kasa suke sauke hakkinsu kuma wata dama ce da tsarin tafiyar da kasa ya ba jama'a.
Tsarin jam'iyyu da dama ya fara samun karbuwa ne daga shekarun 1990, bayan kasashe da dama sun karbi tsarin dimokuradiyya a nahiyar.
An yi zabuka fiye da 70 a nahiyar Afirka tsakanin shekarar 2015 zuwa 2022, kamar yadda Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta bayyana.
Duk da ci gaban da aka samu ta fuskar yawan zabuka, ana sanya alamar tambaya dangane da ingancin dimokuradiyya da ba kasafai ake samun amsarsu ba.
Kasashe da dama suna shirye-shiryen gudanar da manyan zabuka wadanda za su yi tasiri kan alkiblar nahiyar. Zabukan da za a yi a shekarar 2023 suna da tasiri kan makomar kasashe da kuma gaba daya nahiyar.
Hukumomin zabe masu zaman kansu su ne suke shirya zabe, inda masu sanya ido daga kasashen waje sukan sanya ido don tabbatar da cewa an yi zabukan cikin gaskiya da 'yanci da kuma adalci.
Galibi kasashen Afirka suna fuskantar kalubale a lokutan zaben kama daga tashe-tashen hankula zuwa aringizon kuri'u, da kuma matsalar muzguna wa masu zabe da rikice-rikicen kabilanci.
Ko da yake duk da wadannan matsaloli kasashen Afirka suna samun ci gaba a bangaren zabuka da kuma bunkasa dimokuradiya.
Zabuka a 2023
A wannan shekara, kasashen Afirka da dama za su gudanar da zabukan shugaban kasa wadanda za su saita makomarsu da yankunansu da kuma duniya baki daya.
Masu saka ido na ciki da waje za su sanya ido saboda wasu daga cikin zabukan suna da tasiri kan dimokradiyya da zaman lafiya da kuma ci gaba.
Nijeriya wato kasar da ta fi yawan al'umma a nahiyar ta riga ta gudanar da zabukanta a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu.
Akalla 'yan takara 18 ne suka fafata a zaben shugaban kasa, inda kuma aka yi zaben 'yan majalisar dattawa da na wakilai. Zaben yana da muhimmanci ga dimokuradiyyar Nijeriya da tsaro da kuma ci gabanta.
Zaben ya kore wasu maganganu da aka dade ana yada wa game da Nijeriya. Ba kawai don cewa an yi zabukan cikin 'yanci da adalci ba, amma kuma sun zama kamar wani zakaran gwajin dafi dangane da batun addini da kabilanci.
Bola Tinubu tsohon gwamnan jihar Legas, shi ne ya yi nasara a zaben kuma ya yi takararsa ne karkashin jam'iyyar mai mulki ta All Progressives Congress (APC).
Yanzu hankali ya koma sauran kasashen nahiyar.
Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo (DRC)
Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo za ta gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa da na 'yan majalisar dokoki a ranar 20 ga watan Disambar 2023, kamar yadda wani jadawali da hukumar zaben kasar (CENI) ta fitar ya bayyana.
Shugaban kasar Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo mai ci shi ne Felix Tshisekedi, wanda ya hau mulki a watan Janairun 2019 bayan cin zaben watan Disamban shekarar 2018 da kaso 38 cikin 100.
Jam'iyyarsa ta Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS), ta samu nasara ne a kujeru 32 cikin 500 a Majalisar Dokokin kasar, wato majalisar wakilai. Jam'iyyar Common Front ce ta lashe galibin kujerun.
Babbar jam'iyyar hamayya a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo ita ce Lamuka, wani kawance ne na 'yan takarar shugaban kasa hudu wadanda suka yi watsi da sakamakon zaben 2018 kuma suka zargi Tshisekedi da kulla yarjejeniya da Kabila don taimaka mai ya yi nasara. Sai dai kawancen bai yi nisa ba.
Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo tana da tarihin tashe-tashen hankula masu alaka da siyasa tun bayan samun 'yancin kanta daga kasar Belgium a shekarar 1960.
Kasar ta kasa gudanar da sahihin zabe cikin 'yanci da adalci tun bayan komawarta tsarin dimokuradiya a shekarar 2006.
Zaben farko bisa tsarin dimokradiyya a 2006 ya fuskanci tashi hankali da arindizon kuri'u da kuma kalubalen gudanarwa, amma Kabila ne ya samu nasara bayan done Jean-Pierre Bemba. Zabe na biyu a 2011 ya sha suka kan rashin inganci da sahihanci da kuma tsaro.
Bayan nan ne aka nada Jean-Pierre Bemba ministan tsaro.
Yayin da ake jiran lokacin wani sabon babban zabe a bana, nahiyar ta zuba ido ga kasar da fatan sabon zaben zai kasance sahihi wanda za a yi cikin 'yanci da adalci.
Gabon
Shugaban Gabon Ali Bongo Ondimba, ya hau mulki ne a watan Oktoban 2009 bayan da ya yi nasara a zaben watan Agustan 2009 da kaso 42% cikin 100.
Ya gaji mahaifinsa ne Omar Bongo Ondimba, wanda ya mulki kasar tsawon shekara 42, ya rasu ne a watan Yunin 2009.
Jam'iyyarsa ta Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG), ta yi nasara a kujerun majalisar wakilai 98 cikin 120 a zaben watan Oktoban 2018.
Coalition for the New Republic (CNR), wadda Jean Ping ke jagoranta ita ce babbar jam'iyyar hamayya a kasar.
Mista Ping ya yi ikirarin lashe zaben shekarar 2016 ne da kaso 50.3 cikin 100. Ping ya ki amincewa da nasarar Bongo kuma ya bukaci ya sauka daga mulki.
Gabon ta samu dorewar tsarin siyasa da tarihi tun bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Faransa a shekarar 1960. Sau kacal ta taba fuskantar yunkurin juyin mulki, a shekarun 1964 da kuma 2019, a duka lokutan juyin mukin ba su yi nasara ba.
Kuma kasar ta ci gaba da hulda da Faransa, wadda take ba ta taimakon soji da na tattalin arziki.
Makomar Gabon a siyance ta dogara ne a kan yadda gwamnati da 'yan hamayya suka tafiyar da alakarsu da kuma yadda suka yi aiki tare kan abubuwan da suka shafi kasar.
A watan Janairun 2019, Bongo ya koma Gabon bayan ya shafe wata uku a Moroko, inda aka yi masa magani bayan ya yi fama da shanyewar jiki a watan Oktoban 2018.
Rashin lafiyarsa ta sanya alamar tambaya kan ko yana da isasshiyar lafiya yin shirye-shiryen mika mulki.
'Yan hamayya sun bukaci a kira wani babban taro don ya warware matsalolin siyasar kasar da kuma yin gyara ga tsarin zabe, amma gwamnati ta ki amincewa da bukatar.
Za a yi zabe mai zuwa ne a watan Oktoban 2023. Ana fatan kyakkyawan tarihin siyasan Gabon zai dore bayan zaben.
Laberiya
Shugaban Laberiya kuma tsohon fan kwallon kafa, George Weah, ya hau mulki ne a watan Janairun 2018 bayan ya lashe zabe a zagaye na biyu a watan Disamban 2017 da kaso 61.5 cikin 100 na kuri'un da aka kada.
Jam'iyyarsa ta Coalition for Democratic Change (CDC), za ta fafata da kawancen jam'iyyun siyasa Collaborating Political Parties (CPP), hadakar ya kunshi jam'iyu hudu:
- The UP
- The Liberty Party (LP)
- The Alternative National Congress (ANC)
- The All-Liberian Party (ALP)
Kawancen CPP yana kalubalantar shugabancin Weah da ayyukansa kuma ya bukaci a yi gyara tsare-tsaren zabe da gudanar da babban taron makomar kasa.
Kasar ta fuskanci tashe-tashen hankula da rashin tabbas a siyasance tun bayan samun 'yancin kanta daga Amurka a 1847.
Ta fada yakin basasa sau biyu, daga shekarar 1989 zuwa 1997 da kuma na shekarar 1999 zuwa 2003, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutum 250,000 kuma ya raba fiye da miliyan daya da muhallinsu.
Laberiya ta kuma fuskanci yunkurin juyin mulki iri-iri, wanda ya fi fice shi ne na shekarar 1980, lokacin da Samuel Doe ya hanbarar da kashe William Tolbert, wanda hakan ya kawo karshen mulkin ayarin manyan masu fada a ji a kasar.
A watan Disamban 2020, Shugaba Weah ya kai labari bayan da aka yi wata kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a da ta so a rage wa'adin mulkin shugaban kasa daga shekara shida zuwa biyar, kuma ya yi sa'a kuri'ar ta amince ya sake yin takara a karo na uku.
'Yan hamayya da kungiyoyi farar hula sun kauracewa kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'ar, wadanda suka yi zargin cewa ta saba wa doka kuma suka bayyana ta da zamba.
Za a sake yin zaben shugaban kasa a watan Oktoba mai zuwa. Ana fargabar zai kasance zabe da ake yin tsoron abin da ka je ya zo a kasar.
Libya
Shugaban Libya Mohamed al-Menfi ya hau mulki ne a watan Maris din shekarar 2021 a matsayin shugaban Majalisar Kolin kasar – majalisar ta kunshi wakilai uku daga yankuna uku na Libya: wato Tripolitania da Cyrenaica da kuma Fezzan.
Kwamitin Sulhu na Libya (LPDF) ne ya zabe shi – kwamitin ya kunshi mambobi 75 da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa a 2020 don taimaka wajen samar da sabuwar gwamnati a Libya.
Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh ya hau mulki a matsayin Farai Minista kuma shugaban gwamnatin kasar hadin kan kasa wato Government of National Unity (GNU) ne a watan Maris din 2021.
Ministocin gwamnatin sun kunshi wakilai daga jam'iyun siyasa.
Tun bayan samun 'yancin kanta daga kasar Italiya a shekarar 1951, Libya ta fuskanci juyin mulki iri-iri, musamman a shekarar 1969 lokacin da Muammar Gaddafi ya hanbarar da Sarki Idris kuma ya yi mulki tsawon shekara 42, inda aka kashe shi a shekarar 2011 lokacin da juyin juya halin da kawancen tsaro na NATO ke goya wa baya.
Libya ta yi zabuka kalilan ne tun daga shekarar 2011 zuwa yanzu, wato tun daga lokacin da gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta karbi iko bayan faduwar Gaddafi.
An yi zaben farko ne a shekarar 2022 don samar da gwamnatin hadin kan kasa, wadda aka dorawa alhakin rubuta sabon tsarin mulki da kuma yin zabe cikin watanni 18.
Sai dai gwamnatin ba ta yi hakan ba kuma ta tsawaita wa'adinta, wanda hakan ya jawo zanga-zanga. Daga nan ne kuma aka fara arangama tsakanin kungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai a kasar.
Ana fatan zabe mai zuwa zai hada kan Libya karkashin gwamnati daya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana kokarin ganin an yi zabe a Libya duk da cewa ba a fitar da ranar yinsa ba tukuna.
Madagascar
Shugaba Andry Rajoelina ya zama shugaban Madagascar bayan ya lashe zaben shugaban kasar na 2018 da kaso 55.66 cikin 100 na kuri'un da aka kada, inda ya doke abokin hamayyarsa Marc Ravalomanana, wanda ya taba yin shugaban kasa tsakanin shekarar 2002 zuwa 2009.
Rajoelina shi ma ya taba zama shugaban kasa tsakanin shekarar 2009 zuwa 2014 bayan ya yi wa Ravalomanana juyin mulki da goyon bayan sojoji.
Ya sauka daga mulki a shekarar 2014 don ya bai wa gwamnatin rikon kwarya damar shirya zabe, wanda Hery Rajaonarimampianina ya lashe, kuma ya yi mulki tsakanin shekarar 2014 zuwa 2018.
Christian Ntsay yanzu shi ne shugaban gwamnati, ya hau mulki ne watan Yunin 2018 a matsayin firaiministan Madagascar bayan da Rajaonarimampianina ya nada shi biyo bayan wani hukuncin wata kotu da ya bukaci a kawo karshen takaddamar siyasar da wasu sauye-sauye dokokin zabe ta jawo.
Kasar tana da tarihin rashin tabbas din siyasa da kuma fuskantar tashin hankula tun bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Faransa a shekarar 1960.
An yi juyin mulki iri-iri, amma wanda ya fi shahara shi ne na shekarar 1972 lokacin da Didier Ratsiraka ya hanbarar da Philibert Tsiranana kuma ya mulki kasar har tsawon shekara 17.
Albert Zafy ne ya doke shi a zaben shugaban kasar shekarar 1991. An zuba ido a gani ko zaben shugaban kasar bana zai samar da sahihin sakamako ba tare da tashin hankali ba.
Saliyo
An shirya za a gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin 2023 a SierraLeone. Shugaba mai ci SieJulius Maada Bio, dan jam'iyyar Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), wadda ita take mulkin kasar.
Jam'iyyarsa ta ba shi damar sake tsayawa takara a karo na biyu. All-People's Congress (APC) ita ce babbar jam'iyyar hamayya a kasar wadda ta bayyana sunan Samura Kamara matsayin wanda zai mata takarar shugaban kasa.
Kamara ya taba zuwa na biyu a zaben shugaban kasar shekarar 2018.
Saliyo ta fuskanci rikicin siyasa musamman lokacin yakin basasa tsakanin shekarar 1991 zuwa 2002.
Rikicin kabilanci da cin hanci da rashawa da talauci da kuma kokarin iko da arzikin kasa su ne suka rura wutar yakin.
An kawo karshen yakin ne bayar samar da wata yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Tarayyar Afirka da sauran wasu kasashe a yankin suka jagoranta.
Tun daga lokacin Sierra Leone ta samu ci gaba sosai ta fuskar zaman lafiya da dimokradiyya, sai dai kuma har yanzu tana fuskantar matsaloli kamar take hakkin dan Adam da shugabanci mai rauni da rashin daidaito da matsalolin tattalin arziki.
Za a yi fafata mai zafi a zabe mai zuwa tsakanin jam'iyyar SLPP da kuma APC. Sakamakon zai dogara ne kan yawan fitowar masu kada kuri'a da yanayin tsaro da yanayin tattalin arziki da sauransu.
Somaliland
Tun da farko an shirya zaben shugaban kasar Somaliland ne a watan Nuwamban 2021, amma sai aka daga shi karo biyu saboda wasu dalilai, misali annobar korona da fari da matsalolin kudi da kuma na tsaro.
Majalisar dattawan kasar ta amince da dage shi da aka yi na baya-bayan nan a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban, 2022 inda aka tsawaita wa'adin Shugaba Muse Bihi Abdi da shekara biyu har zuwa watan Yulin 2023.
Wannan mataki ya fuskanci suka daga 'yan hamayya da kuma kungiyoyin kararen hula inda suka bayyana shi da abin da ya saba wa kudin tsarin mulki da dimokuradiyya.
Shugaba mai ci Muse Bihi Abdi, dan jam'iyya mai mulki ta Kulmiye (Peace, Unity, and Development Party), wadda take kan mulki tun shekarar 2010.
Ya yi nasara a zaben shugaban kasar 2017 da kaso 55 cikin 100 na kuri'un da aka kada, inda ya doke 'yan takara biyu da ke kalubalantarsa: Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi Irro na jam'iyyar Waddani (the National Party) da kuma Faysal Ali Warabe na jam'iyyar UCID (the Justice and Welfare Party).
Masu sanya ido na kasashen ketare sun yaba wa zaben 2017, inda suka ce an yi shi cikin yanayin zaman lafiya da gaskiya. Kodayake ya fuskanci wasu kalubale kamar tsaiko da takaddama da matsaloli daga na'ura.
Kasar ta fuskanci tashin hankali yayin da take kokarin samun 'yancin kai daga kasar Somalia.
Har ila yau kasar ta fuskanci tashin hankalin kabilanci da na shugabancin da rikicin kan mallakar arzikin kasa.
Wasu daga cikin wadannan rikice-rikicen sun jawo arangama da makamai da take hakkin dan Adam.
Ko da yake Somaliland ta samu ci gaba ta bangarorin zaman lafiya da daidaituwar al'amura ta hanyar tattaunawa da sulhu.
Tun daga shekarar 2002 zuwa yanzu an yi zabuka da dama a kasar a yanayin zaman lafiya da bai wa kowa damar fafatawa.
Zimbabwe
Zaben da za a yi a Zimbabwe zai kasance na biyu tun bayan da Emmerson Mnangagwa ya karbi mulki daga Robert Mugabe a juyin mulkin shekarar 2017.
Shugaba mai ci Mnangagwa wanda kuma shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar mai mulki ta Zanu PF, wadda take mulkin kasar tun 1980.
Babban jam'iyyar adawa ita ce Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) Alliance, wadda Nelson Chamisa ke jagoranta, wanda ya sha kaye a hannun Mnangagwa da kankanin rinjaye a zaben 2018.
A baya-bayan nan Chamisa ya kafa wata sabuwar jam'iyya mai suna Citizens' Coalition for Change (CCC), wadda ta lashe kujeru 19 cikin 28 a wani zaben cike gurbi da aka yi a baya-bayan nan.
Sauran jam'iyyun hamayya sun hada da Forum Party of Zimbabwe (FPZ), wadda tsohon Babban Alkalin kasar Enoch Dumbutshena ke jagoranta, sai kuma jam'iyyar United Parties, wadda tsohon firaiministan Zimbabwe Rhodesia Abel Muzorewa ke jagoranta.
Tashe-tashen hankali da muzguna wa masu kada kuri'a da zamba su ne zarge-zargen da suka mamaye zabukan shekarar 2018.
Tun bayan samun 'yancin kai, mika mulki daga wata gwamnati zuwa wata ya zama jidali. Ko za a iya yin zabe cikin kwanciyar hankali a Zimbabwe a bana?
Wadannan zabuka da za a yi a nahiyar Afirka suna da muhimmanci ga dorewar dimokradiyya da ci gaban tattalin arziki da hada kan al'umma a wadannan kasashe, kamar yadda kuma suke da muhimmanci ga nahiyar da kuma duniya.
Yadda aka gudanar da su zai shafi sakamakonsu da kuma yadda nahiyar za ta kasance.
