Aikin kiyaye zaman lafiya shirin tsaro ne na wucin-gadi inda ƙasashe ke haɗa yunƙurin da ya ƙunshi taimaka wa ƙasashen da ke fuskantar rikice-rikice da raunin iko, wajen ƙoƙarin kiyaye yanayin da ake buƙata don ɗorewar zaman lafiya da cigaba.

Ga ƙasashen Afirka da ke fama da ƙalubalen tsaro mai sarƙaƙiya, kamar ta'addanci da iyakoki marasa tsaro, matakin dakile rikici ta hanyar ƙwarya-ƙwaryar ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya shi kaɗai ba ya isa a matsayin tabbataccen magani.

Sama da batun lura da tsagaita wuta, ko yarjejeniyar siyasa, ko miƙa mulki, ƙarfin ƙasa wajen kiyaye zaman lafiya mai rauni, kare farar hula, da tabbatar da ikon ƙasa kan ƙungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba, shi ne ginshikin tabbataccen zaman lafiya na yanki da nahiyar bakiɗaya.

A ƙoƙarin neman tsarin tsaron ƙasa mai ɗorewa da daidaito, Ƙasashen Afirka sun samu abokiyar hulɗa ta gaskiya a mu'amalarsu da Turkiyya wadda ke alfanu ga juna ta hanyar haɓaka ƙarfin sojin da diflomasiyyar yanki.

Tsarin Turkiyya na haɗakar sasancin diflomasiyya da tallafin soja ga ƙasashen Afirka yana taimaka wa nahiyar wajen kiyaye zaman lafiya ta hanyar ƙarfin ikon ƙasashe don magance manyan ƙalubalen cikin gida.

Darussa daga ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya na MDD

Aikin kiyaye zaman lafiya na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na farko a Afirka ya fara ne a shekarun 1950s, a matsayin aikin saka-ido na soja, wanda aka ɗora wa alhakin kiyaye tsagaita wuta yayin Rikicin Mashigar Suez na 1956 a Masar.

Tun daga 1960 lokacin da MDD ta ƙaddamar da babban aikin kiyaye zaman lafiya na farko tare da tura sojoji kusan 20,000 zuwa Congo, hukumar ta aiwatar da ayyuka kusan 30 na kiyaye zaman lafiya tare da jami'an soja, 'yan sanda, da ma'aikatan farar hula a Afirka.

A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 51 da suka kafa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, Turkiyya ta kasance cikin ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya na MDD a faɗin Afirka. Jami'an Turkiyya sun sadaukar da rayukansu yayin hidima ƙarƙashin tutar MDD a cikin waɗannan ayyukan.

Turkiyya ta halarci ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya a Afirka ciki har da UNAMSIL a Saliyo, MONUC a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Congo, UNMIS a Sudan, UNOCI a Ivory Coast, ONUB a Burundi, UNMIL a Liberia, MINUSCA a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, UNAMID a Darfur, MINUSMA a Mali, da UNSOM a Somaliya, ta yadda ta cika alwashin gudummawarta ga duniya.

A 2005, lokacin da aka kafa Kwamitin Gina Zaman Lafiya na MDD don tallafawa aikin daidaita ƙasashe bayan rikici da gina zaman lafiya a Afirka, Turkiyya ta kasance mamba kuma mai bayar da gudummawar kuɗi.

Bisa wannan shekaru na halartar ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya a Afirka, Turkiyya ta ɗaukaka yunƙurin zuwa mataki na gaba ta hanyar bayar da tallafi mafi fadi ga gwamnatocin ƙasa wajen gina ƙarfin cikin gida da na yankin don kiyaye zaman lafiya.

Nasarar wannan tagwayen dabaru ta bayyana a ƙoƙarin Turkiyya na magance rashin kwanciyar hankali a Liberia, sasanta tsakanin Somalia da Habasha, tallafawa tsagaita wuta tsakanin Rwanda da Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Congo, da kuma haɗin-gwiwar soja da wasu ƙasashen Afirka.

Sasantawa da diflomasiyyar siyasa

Watan Disamba na 2024 ya kasance abin tarihi a harkar zaman lafiya a Afirka yayin da shugabannin Habasha da Somalia suka sanya hannu kan "Shelar Ankara", wata yarjejeniyar haɗin-gwiwa ta Habasha da Somalia bayan nasarar sasanci da Shugaban Turkiyya, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ya yi.

Kimanin shekara guda kafin haka, wata taƙaddamar diflomasiyya ta ɓarke tsakanin makwabtan juna a Janairun 2024, lokacin da Habasha ta rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da yankin Somaliland na Somalia, don amfani da tashar teku ta Berbera a Bahar Maliya.

Sanya hannu kan "Shelar Ankara" ya sami halartar Shugaban Somalia, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, da Firaministan Habasha, Abiy Ahmed a taron da aka yi murnar faruwarsa a babban birnin Turkiyya, Ankara.

An danganta nasarar yarjejeniyar da sake gina gadar diflomasiyya wadda ta rage tashin tashina tsakanin waɗannan ƙasashen biyu na Gabashin Afirka, waɗanda daga baya suka dawo da cikakken wakilcin diflomasiyya da ƙawancensu.

An ga wani babban sakamakon wannan salon diflomasiyyar na Turkiyya a Afirka, lokacin sabbin rikice-rikicen ƙungiyoyin masu makamai a gabashin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo, wanda DRC take zargin Rwanda da alhaki.

A ziyarar da Shugaban Rwanda, Paul Kagame ya kai Turkiyya a Janairun 2025, Shugaba Recep Erdoğan ya bayyana wa takwaransa cewa "Turkiyya tana shirye ta sasanta" tsakanin Rwanda da maƙwabciyarta ta da suka sami saɓani.

“Turkiyya tana shirye ta bayar da dukkanin taimakon da ya zama wajibi don warware rikici tsakanin Rwanda da Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Congo,” in ji Shugaba Erdoğan, wanda daga bisani ya yaba da yarjejeniyar tsagaita wutar da ƙasashen suka cimma a ƙarshe.

A ɓangaren arewacin Afirka, manufar Turkiyya ta zaman lafiya ta hanyar sasanci da diflomasiyya tausasawa ta haifar da kyawawan sakamako ga gwamnatocin Libya da Sudan, waɗanda suke ƙoƙarin sake tabbatar da ikon tsaron yankunansu.

A Libya, Ankara tana jagorantar neman goyon bayan duniya ga Gwamnatin Haɗin-kan Ƙasa Tarayyar da ke Tripoli, wadda duniya ta amince da ita, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Abdulhamid Dbeibah, wanda ya hau mulki ta hanyar wani tsarin da MDD ta goyi baya a 2021.

A ƙoƙarin hakan, Turkiyya na ci gaba da bin manufofin miƙa hannun aboka ga Majalisar Wakilai da ke gabashin Libya, wadda Janar Khalifa Haftar da Rundunar Sojan Kasa ta Libya (LNA) ke goyan baya.

A Sudan, wat ƙasa mai fama da shekarun yaƙin basasa, Turkiyya ta kafa kanta a matsayin mai fafutukar neman goyon bayan duniya ga halastaccen ikon Rundunar Sojojin Sudan (SAF), da ke yaƙi don ceto ƙasar daga ɓangaren sojojin tawaye na Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

A watan Yunin da ya gabata, Jakadan Turkiyya a Khartoum, Fatih Yildiz, ya yi kira ga al'ummar duniya da su ɗauki matakai na gaskiya kan masu tallafawa wannan ƙungiyar ta soja daga ƙasashen ƙasa.

Tallafin tsaro ga Afirka

Ga Turkiyya, kiyaye zaman lafiya yana nufin tallafawa tsarin gudanar da tsaro a Afirka ba ta hanyar mulkin mallaka ba. Salon Turkiyya yana sanya samar da zaman lafiyar siyasa mai ɗorewa ga ƙasashen Afirka ta hanyar ƙarfafa ƙarfin cibiyoyi da ƙwarewar dabarun rundunonin ƙasa.

Domin gina bisa shekarunta na halartar ayyukan MDD a fannin tsaro, Turkiyya ta bambanta da sauran inda take kafa haɗin-gwiwar tsaro mai himma, da ƙarfafa gwiwar gwamnatocin ƙasa ta hanyar tallafin tsaro da bayar da fasaha.

A 'yan shekarun nan, Turkiyya ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin tsaro da fiye da gwamnatocin Afirka 20, kuma hakan wani cigaba ne da ya zama wata hanyar tsaro mai araha ga ƙasashe da dama da ke fama da daɗaɗɗun rikice-rikice.

Kusan rabin ƙasashen Afirka sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya haɗin-gwiwar masana'antar tsaro da Turkiyya, wanda ke ba su damar samun manyan makamai da kayan yaƙi daga Turkiyya.

Tsarin haɗin-kan tsaron ya tanadi sauƙaƙa sayar da makamai, shirye-shiryen horar da sojoji masu cike da fa'ida, da kuma yarjejeniyoyi haɗin-gwiwa don yaƙi da ta'addanci da sauran ƙalubalen tsaro.

Daga yankin Sahel zuwa Ƙahon Afirka, ƙasashen Afirka da suka amfana daga haɗin-kan tsaro na Turkiyya sun haɗa da Nijar, Burkina Faso, Mali, Chadi, Aljeriya, Maroko, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritania, Nijeriya, Senegal, Somalia, Rwanda, Uganda, Sudan ta Kudu, Jumhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, da Jumhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo.

Sojoji da jami'ai daga ƙasashen Afirka da dama suna samun horo a Turkiyya daga masu horarwa na sojan Turkiyya a Afirka, inda jami'ai daga Mali da Nijar suka kammala kwas na musamman na rundunar musamman a Isparta kwanan nan.

Jami'an soja da masanan tsaro na Afirka ana yawan gayyatar su zuwa manyan tarukan masana'antar tsaro a Ankara da Istanbul. Rundunonin ƙasashen ba sa fuskantar cikas na diflomasiyya wajen samun makamai daga masana'antar tsaro ta Türkiye.

Tafiya gaba

Somalia na ɗaya daga cikin manyan misalai masu muhimmanci na wannan dangantaka. Daga 2017, Ankara ta ba ƙasar tallafin tsaro cikin tsarin yarjejeniyoyin soja masu faɗi, inda sama da jami’an sojan Somalia 15,000 suka amfana.

Jiragen sama marasa matuƙi na Turkiyya da sauran kayan tsaro na zamani sun kawo sakamako na zahiri a fagen tsaro a fage-fage daban-daban na tsaron Afirka.

Jiragen helikwafta da sauran kayan aikin tsaro da Turkiyya ta sayar wa ƙasashen Afirka sun taimaka wa manyan ayyukan yaƙi da ta'addanci a nahiyar, musamman kan ƙungiyoyin ta’addanci kamar Boko Haram, Al-Shabaab, da Daesh.

A taƙaice, salon diflomasiyya da tsaro tsakanin Turkiyya da Afirka suna haɗa ayyukan gina ƙasa ta hanyar sasanci da tallafin soja, da manufar kawar da giɓin tsaro na Afirka da inganta juriya ta tsaro a nahiyar.

A yanzu, gwamnatocin Afirka da sojojin ƙasar ba sa kasancewa cikin halin dogaro ga ƙasashen Yamma mai cike da haramcin sayan makamai, takunkumin soja, da tsoma baki daga waje mai keta 'yancin-kai, wanda a baya suka lahanta ingancin ayyukan tsaro.

A yau, gudummawar Turkiyya wajen ɗorewar zaman lafiya a Afirka tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin manufofi na haɗin-gwiwar dabarun taimakon juna, tana mai zama abokan hulɗa da gwamnatocin ƙasa.

Daga Mogadishu zuwa Niamey, ana alaƙanta wannan dabara da daidaita zaman lafiyar ƙasashe masu rauni, sabunta ƙarfin rundunoni masu rauni, da ƙarfafa aikin hukumomin gwamnati.

Yayin da ƙarin ƙasashen Afirka ke shiga cikin sahihin tsarin haɗin-gwiwa da Turkiyya, suna buɗe ƙofofin madadi don samun kayayyakin tsaro masu mahimmanci ga muradun tsaron ƙasa, shirya dabarun yaƙi, da ƙarfin kawar da barazanar ƙungiyoyi masu ɓarna.