Daga Emilie Pons
Kana jiyo wani sauti da sautin iska da igiyar ruwa, ga kuma wani farin masallaci, mai hasumiya da ke daukar hankali a birnin Essaouira mai ban sha'awa.
Titi ne mai launin shudi da fari cike da maguna, za ka iya jiyo kara da muryar mutane suna rera wakoki, wani lokaci cikin alhini ko kuma cikin farin ciki. Wadannan wakoki suna fada maka labarin hijira ne da kuma azaba.
Akwai wakokin maâlem ko kuma "kwararru" a harshen Larabci. Za ka iya zama gwani a fannoni daban-daban: gwani a fannin kafinta ko gwani a fannin girke-girke ko kuma gwani a fannin jima.
Sai dai a birnin Essaouira wanda yake gabar tekun Maroko akwai kwararrun mawakan kabilar Gnawa ko kuma kabilar Gnaoua.
Yawancinsu maza ne, sai wasu kuma mata ne. Batun gaskiya wadannan matan su ne suke shirya duka bukukuwa ko kuma "lila,", wanda shi ne asalin al'adar Gnaoua.
"Wannan kade-kaden wanda yake daga Mali, wata al'ada ce ta kada jita," in ji Alvie Betimo daga kungiya mai suna Les Amazones d'Afrique wadda ta yi wasa a bana yayin gasar kade-kade Gnaoua karo na 24 a birnin Essaouira a makon jiya.
Akwai tarihin da ke cewa kade-kaden Gnawa ya samo asali ne daga Kano a arewacin Nijeriya, wadda ita ma tana yankin Yammacin Afirka ne kamar kasar Mali.
Batun tsalle-tsallen
"Ya kamata ka fahimci cewa ana kade-kaden ne lokacin shagulgulan addini: abu ne mai daure kai, abin addini ne. Akwai abubuwa da dama tattare da wannan.
"Ba batun kade-kaden ne kawai ba. Idan ka ga mutane suna rawa, za ka ji cewa akwai wani abu da ke faruwa," kamar yadda Alvie ya shaida wa TRT Afrika.
Gnaoua ya bai wa gangar jiki muhimmanci. Yayin shagulgulan abu ne da aka saba gani masu raye-rayen su rika tsalle a iska, kamar yadda wasu mambobin kungiyar makadan Les Tambours du Burundi suka yi lokacin bikin bude taron a birnin Essaouira.
Kamar masu wultsula gudi-gudi, Les Tambours du Burundi ba kawai tsalle suke ba, suna kuma harbin iska.
Ga makadin Gnawa Samir LanGus dan asalin birnin Aït Melloul na kasar Maroko, amma yanzu yake zaune a birnin New York a kasar Amurka, ya ce masu kade-kaden Gnaoua suna yin tsalle ne yayin wasa saboda su nuna cewa yanzu su ba bayi ba ne, sun samu 'yanci.
"Kabilar Gnawa sun kasance bayi ne," in ji mawakiyar Beninese Fafa Ruffino, wacce ita ma ta yi wasa tare da kungiyarsu ta Les Amazones d'Afrique.
Tasirin addini
"Wadannan mutane ne da aka tasa keyarsu. Mutane da suka kokarin ci gaba da kasancewa tare ta hanyar kade-kaden, wanda shi ne kade-kadensu na iyaye da kakanni.
Kade-kaden ya zo ne daga wani wuri — kabilar Gnawas sun zo ne daga wani wuri. Kade-kaden na da asali wanda ba za a iya goge shi ba," kamar yadda Rufino ta shaida wa TRT Afrika. Ruffino tana nufin daga Yammacin Afirka.
Al'adun mutanen Gnaoua ta saje da al'adun kasashen kudu da hamadar Sahara da Sufaye kafin zuwan Musulunci.
Wannan ya sa aka samu al'adun 'yan Afirka Musulmi, kamar yadda wani Ba'Amurke masani kan kade-kade Witulski ya bayyana a 2018 a littafinsa mai suna Gnawa Lions: Authenticity and Opportunity in Moroccan Ritual Music.
Witulski ya ce kabilar Gnaoua tana kama da kabilar Santeria ta Cuba da kabilar voodoo a Haiti, kodayake su "'yan asalin Afirka ne masu bin darikar Katolika" maimakon "'yan asalin Afirka masu bin addinin Musulunci".
Kade-kaden kabilar Gnaoua na asali ya karade kasar da kasashen ketare. Akwai masu son sauraron kade-kaden Gnaoua a Brazil da Amurka, akwai mawaka kamar Samir LanGus wanda ya yi wasa a Miami da salon samba. Mista LanGus ya kuma yi wasa a Birnin Kudus a bara.
Launukan
Masanin kimiyya siyasa dan Maroko kuma mai shirya fina-finai Hisham Aïdi ya ce akwai makarantun kabilar Gnaoua a Poland da Japan, ya bayyana haka ne lokacin wani babban taro kan kare hakkin dan Adam wanda aka kwashe tsawon kwana biyu ana yi yayin bukukuwa a birnin Essaouira.
Salon kade-kaden Gnawa, fiye da sauran salon kade-kade shi ne ya zama kamar jakadan Maroko a kasashen ketare. Hatta Hukumar Ilimi da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNESCO) ta san da zaman wannan salon kade-kaden, inda ta bayyana shi da wata al'adar da dan Adam ke alfahari da ita.
Al'adun kabilar Gnawa suna da kayatarwa.
"Akwai abubuwa da yawa da kake bukatar da kware a kansu kafin ka zama maâlem," in ji LanGus.
Al'adar Gnaoua suna amfani da launuka kamar fari da ja da ruwan dorawa da shudi da kuma kore. Makadan suna sanya tufafi masu wadannan launukan kuma kowane launi yana da ma'ana daya ko biyu.
Kowane launi aka danganta shi da akalla wakoki 12, sai dai kuma wasu launukan ba su da alaka da wani launi. "Wannan ce dokar da kake bukatar samu kafin ka zama kwararre a Gnaoua," in ji Samir LanGus.
Tasiri a duniya
"Ya kamata ka san abin da za ka kada, inda za ka kada shi kuma kana bukatar ka san yadda za ka matsa daga wata waka zuwa wata. Idan ka je birnin Rabat, tsarin ya bambanta ko kuma Marrakech."
Kade-kaden Gnawa yana tasiri ga 'yan Afirka daga wurare da dama kuma yana sajewa da salon kade-kade da dama. A shekarar 1994, marigayi makadin Amurka Pharoah Sanders ya nadi album mai suna "La Trance de Sept Couleurs" tare da marigayi Maâlem Mahmoud Gania.
Haka zalika makadin Amurka Bill Laswell shi ma ya dauki "Tagnawwit: Holy Black Gnaoua Trance" tare da marigayi Maâlem Mokhtar Gania, wanda yake daga birnin Essaouira kuma dan uwa ga Mahmoud. Mai bushe-bushe Don Cherry da mai buga ganga Adam Rudolph su ma sun yi wasa da manyan 'yan wasan Gnawa.
Taron kade-kaden Gnaoua karo na 24 a Essaouira wani manuniya ce ga muhimmancin hadin gwiwa.
Ana fahimtar al'adun kabilar Gnawa ne ta hanyar cudanya da ita da kuma halartar manyan tarukan al'adu da ake yi a manyan gine-gine da ake kira 'dar' a tsakiyar birane.
