A shekarar 1993, wayoyin hannu ba a sansu yadda ya kamata ba tafi da sakamakon babu su a gidaje.
Dakta Caroline Kisia, wadda a lokacin ba ta jima da kammala nazarin aikin likitanci ba a Jam'iar Nairobi, an kai ta wani asibiti a wani ƙauye da ke gefen teku a yankin Kilifi.
Wannan wani aiki ne wanda ya kawo jin daɗi da kuma matuƙar damuwa ga matashiyar likitar.
"Na je aiki Asibitin St Luke a Kaloleni da ke Giriamaland, sai a lokacin na ji kamar an jefa ni cikin wani wuri mai zurfi," kamar yadda Dakta Kisia ta shaida wa TRT Afrika.
Wata rana, ba da jimawa ba bayan zuwanta, matashiyar likitar sai ta samu wani maras lafiya mai fama da matsaloli waɗanda ba ta taɓa ganinsu ba a lokacin da aka horar da ita a jami'a.
Ba ta da wata dabara a lokacin kan yadda za ta shawo kan matsalar, sai dai ta ci gaba da ce wa kanta: "Ni kaɗai suke da a yanzu."
An ci zarafin maras lafiyar, inda jikinsa ke ɗauke da rauni wanda ya samu sakamakon sararsa da aka yi da adda. Ba a ɗauki wasu bayanai daga gare shi ba a lokacin waɗanda suka haɗa da yanayin hawan jini.
"Ya kamata a yi abubuwa na farko da suka kamata yi: a tabbata maras lafiyar yana numfashi, sai a dakatar da zubar jinin a kwantar da hankali," kamar yadda ta tuna.
Abin takaici, babu wani likitan fiɗa da zai taimaka mata. A maimakon haka, sai aka tuno mata abubuwan da suka dace aka ce ta yi iyakar kokarinta.
"Mu biyu ne, ni da wani ma’aikacin lafiya. Mun kasance abokan karatu a makarantar likitanci kuma an horar da mu tare. Mun kai maras lafiyar zuwa ɗakin tiyata kuma muka yi abin da za mu iya. Ya rayu."
Muhalli mai wuyar sha'ani
Kwanakin farko na Dakta Kisia a cikin wannan sana'a yana nuna ƙalubalen da likitoci ke fuskanta a duk faɗin Afirka, nahiya wacce fannin kiwon lafiyarta ba ta da ma'aikata da kuma fama da rashin kayan aiki da ƙarancin kuɗi.
Duk da cewa wayoyin hannu sun zama ruwan dare a Afirka, amma ƙalubalen kiwon lafiya na 1993 na ci gaba da jan hankali. Hatta masu ba da shawara, matasan likitoci, ana tilasta musu aiwatar da abubuwa fiye da ƙwarewar da suke da ita.
"A matsayinmu na likitoci, an horas da mu mu san abin da muka sani, haka kuma an horar da mu mu san iyakarmu. Idan na ga maras lafiya wanda rashin lafiyarsa ta wuce ƙwarewata, na san ya kamata na tura su wurin wani na gaba da ni," kamar yadda Dakta Kisia ta bayyana.
Amma sau da yawa, lokacin da majiyyaci ke buƙatar kulawar gaggawa, kuma babu ƙwararrun da za su iya tura su zuwa gare su, likita ko ma'aikacin jinya suna magance lamarin ta hanya mafi kyau da suka sani. Sakamakon a wani lokaci ba shi da kyau ga ga marasa lafiya wanda a wani lokaci yakan haifar da mutuwa.
"Yawancin marasa lafiya ana musu wankin ƙoda, ko kuma ba a kula da su yadda ya kamata," in ji Dakta Kisia.
Musayar ƙwarewa
Kamar yadda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta bayyana, Afirka na da kimanin kaso 15 cikin 100 na adadin jama'ar duniya sai dai kuma ita ce ke da uku bisa huɗu na cututtukan da ake fama da su a duniya.
Haka kuma yankin shi ke da kaso uku cikin 100 na masu kiwon lafiya a fadin duniya, inda kuma yankin ke da ƙasa da kaso 1 cikin 100 na kuɗin da ake kashewa kan kiwon lafiya a duniya.
"Ina a Zambia ba da jimawa ba. Suna da likitoci masu duba lafiyar masu fama da ciwon suga waɗanda ne inda suke kula da mutum miliyan 18. Ta ya za a tabbatar ƙwararren likita yana kula da duka masu ciwon suga?
"Ta nan ne Project Echo (Extension for Community Health Outcomes) ya fito," in ji Dakta Kisia, wadda a halin yanzu ita ce daraktar shirin.
Shirin ECHO yana aiki ne kan wani tsari wanda yake haɗa ma'aikatan da ke bakin aiki waɗanda suka haɗa da - likitoci da malaman jinya da unguwar zoma da masu haɗa magani - da ƙwararru a asibitocin koyarwa domin horas da su.
Dakta Sanjeev Arora, wanda shi ne ya ƙirƙiro ECHO, na kallon magance muguwar cutar a matsayin kamar taron dangi.
"Babban manufar ita ce kada a riƙe ilimi a wuri guda," kamar yadda ya shaida a lokacin wani taro na TED.
"A gaskiya, akwai ilimi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar babban ƙwararre kamar ni. Kuma muna so mu raba shi kyauta da sauran abokan aikinmu na kiwon lafiya a matakin farko."
Daga New Mexico zuwa Afirka
Shekaru 20 da suka gabata, Dr Arora kwararre ne kan cutar hanta kuma daya daga cikin ’yan kalilan na kwararrun likitoci a kasar Mexico wadanda suka kware wajen magance cutar hanta.
Sabbin marasa lafiya daga nesa da kusa da Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta New Mexico za su jira watanni takwas kafin su gan shi.
Wasu a ƙarshe suna ƙarewa su zama suna fama da cutar daji sakamakon rashin magance ciwon hanta nau'in C da kuma jira tsawon lokaci. Wasu ƙalilan sun mutu kafin a soma maganin.
"Babu wani likita da ke asibitin matakin farko da ke iya magance cutar hanta nau'in C. A dalilin haka ne muka ƙirƙiro project ECHO da buri ɗaya. Sai muka ce za mu ƙirƙiro hanyar da za mu magance ciwon hanta nau'in C a ko ina a New Mexico," kamar yadda Dakta Arora ya bayyana.
Shirin koyarwar wanda suke yi ta intanet, wanda aka soma ta hanyar magance cuta ɗaya a cikin ƙasar, an yi saurin soma shi sannan a yanzu akwai shi a ƙasashe 208, inda yake taimakawa domin magance cututtuka 70.
"Idan cuta ana sane da ita, kula da ita yana da wahala, maganinta yana sauyawa, hakan na da matuƙar tasiri ga al'umma kuma cutar na ƙara ƙamari idan ba a magance ta ba, to lallai ta cancanta ta zama ƙarƙashin shirin ECHO.
Burinmu shi ne mu ƙara kyautata yanayin kiwon lafiya ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ba su da cikakkiyar dama a faɗin duniya kuma a yi hakan cikin gaggawa," in ji Dakta Arora.
Dakta Kisia ta bayyana cewa tuni wannan shirin ya soma kawo sauyi a ɓangaren lafiya a wuraren da ake da wuyar kai ɗauki ta hanyar amfani da fasaha "da kuma bayar da ilimi ga masu kiwon lafiya maimakon ɗaukar marasa lafiyar a kai su birane domin neman lafiyarsu".
A Afirka, an soma amfani da wannan tsarin shekaru goma da suka gabata a Namibia. A yau, akwai ƙasashe 29 waɗanda suka soma amfani da wannan tsarin.
A Kenya, ana gudanar da horaswar bayan makonni biyu, inda ake haɗa jami'an lafiya daga asibitoci 47 na yankunan ƙasar da ƙwararru daga wasu asibitoci. A Sudan, an kafa ECHO domin magance cututtuka masu wuyar warkewa.
"Ɗaya daga cikin amfanin da malaman lafiya ke samu daga ECHO shi ne suna ji kamar ba a ware su ba," kamar yadda Dakta Kisia ya bayyana, inda ta bayar da misalai kan lokacin da ta soma aikin likitanci.
