Daga Millicent Akeyo
Nahiyar Afirka tana da ƙasashe har uku da ke amfani da sunan 'Guinea': wato Equatorial Guinea, da Guinea-Bissau da kuma Republic of Guinea.
A mafi rinjayen fahimta, kalmar "Guinea" ta samu ne daga harshen Portuguese, a tsakiyar ƙarni na 15.
Da fari, kalmar tana nufin mutanen da ke yankin Yammacin Afirka, musamman waɗanda ke iyakar kudancin Kogin Senegal, inda ƙasashen uku suka haɗu.
Ƙasashen uku, Republic of Guinea, da Equatorial Guinea, da kuma Guinea-Bissau, sun samu sunan nasu ne cikin ƙarni na 20.
Ƙasashen Turai guda uku, Sifaniya, Faransa, da Portugal sun mulki yankin na Guinea zamanin mulkin mallaka, gabanin ƙasashen Afirka su yi nasarar samun ƴancin-kai.
Jumhuriyar Guinea
Jamhuriyar Guinea tana gaɓar yammacin Afirka. Akan kira ta da sunan Guinea-Conakry, inda ake alaƙanta ta da babban birnin ƙasar mai suna Conakry.
Ita ce ƙasa mafi girma a cikin ukun. Tana da faɗin murabba'in kilomita 245,857, kuma tana da al'umma da ta kai miliyan 14.
Faransa ce ta yi wa ƙasar mulkin mallaka. A baya ana kiranta da French Guinea, wato Guinea ta Faransa, kafin samun ƴancin-kai a shekarar 1958.
Shugaban ƙasar na farko bayan samun ƴancin-kai shi ne Ahmed Sékou Touré, wanda ya yi mulki daga 1958 zuwa 1984.
Shugaban ƙasar na yanzu, Mamady Doumbouya, ya hau mulki ne bayan ya kifar da gwamnatin Shugaba Alpha Conde a watan Satumban shekarar 2021.
Manyan ƙabilun da ke ƙasar Guinea su ne Fulani ko Peul, da Malinké, da kuma Soussou.
Ƙasar Guinea tana da arziƙin ma'adanai, inda take da kaso ɗaya cikin uku na arziƙin ma'adanin bauxite na duniya. Kuma tana da ƙarfin tattalin arziƙi na dala biliyan 16 a ma'aunin GDP, a cewar rahoton Bankin Duniya na 2022.
Guinea-Bissau
Ƙasar Guinea-Bissau tana arewa da Jumhuriyar Guinea. Ita ce ta biyu cikin ƙasashen uku a girman ƙasa, inda take da faɗin murabba'in kilomita 36.125. Tana da yawan al'umma da ya kai sama da miliyan 2.1.
A baya ana kiran ƙasar da "Portuguese Guinea", kafin ta samu ƴancin-kai daga Portugal a shekarar 1973.
Wannan ya faru ne kusan shekaru 15 bayan Jamhuriyar Guinea ta samu ƴancin-kanta daga Faransa.
Domin bambancewa tsakanin ɗayar ƙasar ta Guinea, an ƙara sunan babban birnin ƙasar mai suna Bissau, cikin sunan ƙasar. Tun daga nan ne ake kiran ƙasar da Guinea-Bissau.
Luis Cabral shi ne shugaban ƙasar na farko bayan da ta samu 'yancin-kai.
Shugaban ƙasar Guinea-Bissau na yanzu, Umaro Mokhtar Sissoco Embaló ya hau mulki ne a Fabrairu na 2020, bayan cin zaɓe. Shi ne shugaba na 6 a ƙasar tun bayan samun ƴancin-kai.
Manyan ƙabilun ƙasar Guinea-Bissau su ne Balanta da Fulani. Guinea-Bissau tana da mafi ƙarancin arziƙi a ma'aunin GDP cikin duka ƙasashen Guinea uku, inda take da biliyan $1.639, a cewar rahoton Bankin Duniya na 2021. Manyan abubuwan da take fitarwa sun haɗa da kwakwa da yazawa.
Equatorial Guinea
A ɓangaren girman ƙasa, Equatorial Guinea ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta cikin ƙasashen uku da ke da kalmar Guinea a sunansu.
Equatorial Guinea tana da faɗin ƙasa da ya kai murabba'in kilomita 28,052, kuma tana da yawan al'umma da ya kai sama da miliyan 1.7.
Ita ce ƙasar 'Guinea' mafi kusanci da da'irar duniya ta equator, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa ake kiran ta da Equatorial Guinea. Tana da iyaka da tekun Atlantic a tsakiyar Afirka.
A baya, ana kiran ƙasar da "Spanish Guinea", wato Guinea ta Sifaniya, kafin ta samu 'yancin-kai daga Sifaniya a shekarar 1968. Ita ce ƙasar Afirka tilo inda ake amfani da harshen Sifaniyanci a hukumance.
Manyan ƙabilun ƙasar su ne Fang da Bubi.
Yayin da Guinea-Bissau da Guinea-Conakry suke Yammacin Afirka, Equatorial Guinea tana tsakiyar Afirka ne.
Shugabannin ƙasa biyu kacal suka mulki Equatorial Guinea tun bayan samun 'yancin-kai. Shuagaba Francisco Macías Nguema ya mulki ƙasar tsakanin 1968 zuwa 1979, sai kuma wani ɗa a gunsa, Shugaba President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo wanda ya ƙwace mulki ranar 3 ga Agustan 1979 a wani juyin mulki.
Ƙarkashin mulkin Obiang, Equatorial Guinea ta zamo babbar ƙasa mai samarwa da fitar da ɗanyen mai. Kuma ƙasar ce ke da mafi girman arziƙi a ma'aunin per capita, a duk Afirka.
Papua New Guinea
Wata ƙasa da ke da kalmar "Guinea" a sunanta ita ce Papua New Guinea. Sai dai yayin da ƙasashen 'Guinea' guda uku ke nahiyar Afirka, Papua New Guinea tana can a kudu maso yammacin tekun Pacific Ocean, a arewacin Australia.
An yi amanna cewa wani ɗan yawon duniya ɗan Sifaniya ne da ya je tsibirin, ya ƙara kalmar 'Guinea' a sunan ƙasar, a ƙarni na 16 saboda ya gano cewa mazauna yankin sun yi kama da al'ummar Guinea na Afirka.
Papua New Guinea tana da faɗin ƙasa da ya kai murabba'in kilomita 46,840, da ƙiyasin al'umma miliyan 17. Papua New Guinea na cikin ƙasashe mafi yawan ƙabilu a duniya, inda suka kai ƙabilu 800.
