Shekara guda kenan da a wani dare a ƙasar Sudan, wasu mutane sama da goma, ɗauke da muggan makamai suka afka wa gidan Omaima Farouq, da ke wata unguwar masu hali a Khartoum, babban birnin Sudan.
Maharan sun ritsa matar da bindiga, suka rufe ta mari da bugu, suka kuma muzanta ta da firgita yaranta. Daga nan suka kore su daga gidan mai hawa biyu, wanda yake da shingen alfarma.
"Tun wannan lokaci, rayuwarmu ta shiga tasku," in ji malamar makarantar 'yar shekara 45. Ta ƙara da cewa, "Komai ya sauya a wannan shekara."
Omaima wadda mijinta ya rasu, ita da yaranta huɗu a yanzu suna zaune a wani ƙaramin ƙauye da ke wajen birnin Wad Madani. Ƙauyen na da nisan kilomita 135 (mil 85) a kudu maso-gabas da birnin Khartoum.
Suna dogaro ne kan taimako daga jama'ar ƙauyen da kuma masu bayar da tallafi, saboda ƙungiyoyin agaji na ƙasa-da-ƙasa ba za su iya isa yankin ba.
Babban bala'i
Yaƙi na tsawon shekara guda ya kekketa Sudan, tun bayan da tsamin dangantaka tsakanin rundunar sojin ƙasar da rundunar ɗaukin gaggawa ta ƙasar RSF, ta haifar da ɓarkewar arangama a titunan birnin Khartoum a tsakiyar watan Arilun 2023. Cikin ɗan lokaci rikicin ya mamaye dukkan ƙasar.
Rikicin Gaza ya dusasar da batun yaƙin Sudan, wanda shi ma tun watan Oktoba ya janyo mummunan yanayi ga Falasdinawa, inda ake fuskantar barazanar yunwa a yankin.
Sai dai ma'aikatan agaji sun yi gargaɗin cewa Sudan na kusantar mummunan bala'in kamfar abinci, inda za a iya samun asarar rayuwa da dama a watanni masu zuwa.
An kassara harkokin samarwa da rarraba kayan abinci, kuma masu aikin kai kayan agaji ba sa iya isa yankunan da lamarin ya ta'azzara.
A dai wannan lokaci, rikicin ya janyo samun labaran afkuwar munanan al'amura ciki har da kashe mutane, raba su da matsugunansu, da yin fyaɗe, musamman a yankun babban birni da kuma yankin Darfur na yammacin ƙasar.
'Mummunan yanayi'
Justin Brady, babban jami'in ayyukan jin-ƙai na MDD a Sudan, ya yi gargaɗin cewa dubban ɗaruruwan mutane za su iya mutuwa a watanni masu zuwa, sakamakon matsalolin ƙarancin abinci mai gina-jiki.
Brady ya ce "Wannan yanayi zai munana da ƙara munana sosai, kuma za a iya magance matsalr ne idan har muka iya magance matsalar kayan aiki da ta isa ga jama'a."
Ya ce duniya na bukatar daukar matakan gaggawa don matsa lamba gabangarorin biyu da su dakatar da yaki, sannan a samar da kudade ga MDD don ayyukan jinkai.
Amma kasashen duniya ba su mayar da hankali sosai an batun ba. MDD na bukatar dala biliyan 2.7 a wannan shekarar don samar d aabinci, kula da lafiya da biyan bukatun kusan rabin jam'ar Sudan su miliyan 25.
Ya zuwa yanzu, masu tallafi sun bayar da dala miliyan 45 ne kawai, kimanin kashi biyar na kudaden da ake bukata, kamar yadda ofishin OCHA ya bayyana.
Yadda kasashen duniya suka yi biris da batun abu ne mai razanarwa, in ji Christos Christou, Shugaban Kungiyar Likitocin Komai da Ruwanka, a wata sanarwa da ya fitar a baya-bayan nan.
Fyade ya wuce yadda ake bayyanawa
Yanayin da ake ciki na gafza yaki na ci gaba da munana. Sojoji karkashin Janar Abdulfatah Al Burhan da mayakan RSF da Janar Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo sun kacalcala Khartoum inda suke musayar wuta kan mai uwa da wabi.
Mayakan RSF sun karbe iko da kusan dukkan Darfur, inda Burhan kuma ya mayar mazuanar gwamnati zuwa garin gaba Tekun Maliya na Port Sudan.
Hukumar Yaki da Muzantawa Mutane ta Sudan ta bayar da rahoton samun yin fyade ga mata 159 a shekara dayan da ta gabata, kusan duk a biranen Khartoum da Darfur.
Shugaban kungiyar, Sulima Ishaq Sharif ya bayyana cewa wadannan alkaluma kawai wata alama ce 'yar kadan ta yanayin da ake ciki, inda mutane suke tsoron magana saboda gudun ramuwar gayya ko kyamata.
Abokai sun rikide zuwa makiyan juna
Burhan da Dagalo kawayen juna ne da suka jagoranci juyin mulki.
Burhan and Dagalo subsequently fell out in a struggle for power. Sun kifar da halastacciyar gwamnatin da kasashen duniya suka amince da ita, wadda ta ke shirin sake mika mulki ga farar hula bayan kifar da gwmanatin shugaba Al Bashir a 2019 yayin wani babban bore.
Lamarin ya yi muni matuka a Darfur, Khartoum da Kudancin Kordofan. Kotun Hukunta Manyan Laifuka ta Kasa da Kasa ta ce tana binciken sabbin zarge-zarge na aikata laifukan yaki a yankin Darfur, wanda waje ne da aka yi kisan kiyashi a shekarar 2000.
Hare-Hare da dama na mayakan RSF da kawayensu 'yan tawaye kan kabilar Masalit ya janyo asarar rayuka tsakanin 10,000 zuwa 15,000 a Geneina, babban birnin Darfur ta Yamma kusa da iyakar kasar da Chadi, kamar yadda wani rahoto da aka gabatarwa da Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana a farkon shekarar nan. Rahoton ya ce "Darfur na fuskantar yanayi mafi muni tun 2005."
Sakamakon yadda kungiyoyin bayar da tallafi ba sa iya isa ga yankin Darfur don taimakawa wadanda aka raba da matsugunansu, takwas daga cikin goma na kowanne iyalai da ke sansanin na cin abinci sau daya a rana, in ji Adam Rijal, kakakin Kungiyar Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijirar Darfur.
An ƙona su a cikin gida
A sansanin Kelma da ke Kudancion Darfur, ya ce kusan yara uku ne ke mutuwa a duk awanni 12, yawanci saboda kamuwa da cututtukan da ke da alaka da rashin abinci isasshe mai gina jiki.
Ya ce cibiyar kula lafiya da ke sansanin na karbar marsa lafiya 14 zuwa 18 a kowacce da yunwa ke gaf da hallakawa, mafi yawan su mata masu ciki da yara kanana.
Ban da kisan da aka yi a Geneina, yakin ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane 14,600 a Sudan, ya kuma janyo raba jama'a mafi yawa a duniya da matsugunansu, kamar yadda majalisar dinkin duniya ta bayyana.
Sama da mutane miliyan takwas aka raba da matsugunansu, sun gudu zuwa yankuna masu tsaro a cikin Sudan ko a kasashe makota.
Wasu na ci gaba da sake guduwa a yayin da yaki ke kara yaduwa a sauran sassan Sudan.
A lokacin da rikici ya kai uguwar su a Khartoum, Taj Al-Sar, matarsa da yaransu hudu sun gudu zuwa wajen 'yan uwansu a garin Ardamata na yankin Darfur da ke yammacin kasar.
Rikitaccen yanayin kula da lafiya
Sai ga shi mayakan RSF sun afka da yi wa Ardamata kaca-kaca a watan Nuwamba, sun dauki kwanaki shiga suna yakar garin. Al Sar ya ce sun kashe 'yan kabilar Masalit da yawa da 'yan uwan sojojin kasar.
"An kashe da kona wasu a cikin gidajensu" in ji shi yayin aikewa da sako daga wani garin ta wayar tarho.
Dukkan bangarorin biyu na sojoji da mayakan RSF sun aikata laifukan yaki da suka saba wa dokokin kasa da kasa, sun kashe fararen hula da lalata kayan more rayuwa, in ji Mohamed Osman, dan kasar Sudan mai bincike a kungiyar kare hakkokin dan adam ta Human Rights Watch.
Samar da abinci ya lalace, an dakatar da shigar da kayayyaki, yaki ya hana kai komon kayan abinci a cikin kasar, kuma farashin kayan masarufi ya karu da kashi 45 a cikin kasa d ashekara guda, in ji OCHA.
Yakin ya kassara tsarin kula da lafiya na kasar, inda kaso 20 zuwa 30 na kayan kula da lafiya ne kadai ke aiki a fadin kasar, kamar yadda kungiya likitoci ta bayyana.
A kalla kashi 37 na jama'ar da rikicin ya shafa na fama da yunwa, kamar yadda OCHA suka bayyana. Kungiyar Save The Children ta yi gargadin cewa kimanin yara kanana 230,000, mata masu juna biyu da wadanda ba su jima da haihuwa ba na fuskantar hatsarin mutuwa a 'yan watannin nan masu zuwa.
Rikicin da aka manta da shi
"Muna ganin yadda ake fama da yunwa sosai, ana shan wahala ga mutuwa kuma. Kuma duniya ta kawar da kai," in ji Arif Noor, daraktan Save The Children a Sudan.
Kimanin yara miliyan 3.5 da ke da shekaru kasa da biyar ne ke fama da yunwa, inda sama da 710,000 ke cikin matsanancin yanayi, kamar yadda Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya ta sanar.
Kimanin mutane miliyan biyar ma na gaf da fada wa cikin hatsarin yunwa, kamar yadda wani nazari da aka yi a watan Disamba ya bayyana.
Nazarin ya yi duba kan mawuyacin halin karancin cimaka d ake fama da shi a duniya. An bayyana jimillar mutane miliyan 17.7 d ake fama da tsananin karancin abinci.
Ma'aikatan jinkai sun ce dole ne duniya ta dauki mataki.
"Ana bayyana Sudan a matsayin yankin da aka manta da rikicinsa. Ina mamakin mutane nawa ne suka san da wannan hali da ake ciki," in ji Brady, jami'in OCHA.
"Akwai wasu da suka samu kula wa da jan hankali sama da Sudan. Ba na son kwatanta yanayin rikicin. Kamar kwatanta masu ciwon daji su biyu ne... Dukkan su suna bukatar a kula da lafiyarsu."
